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Term 3 - Main. Computer Environment Systems > PPT #1/2 Notes > Flashcards

PPT #1/2 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Silicon is a more stable semi-conductor than germanium. True or False?

A

True

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2
Q

The _______ the valence shell is to the nucleus, the more stable the semi-conductor is

A

closer

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3
Q

Which atom is physically larger, Germanium or Silicon?

A

Germanium

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4
Q

When many atoms combine through covalent bonding, they form a ______ ______ which is when the valence shell is full with no electron movement

A

silicon crystal

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5
Q

Classifications of matter are broken into 3 groups, what are they?

A

chemical
physical
electrical

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6
Q

The atom is the ________ particle and has the chemical characteristics of that element

A

smallest

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7
Q

Simple matter is composed of ______ basic earth elements

A

one

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8
Q

Complex matter is composed of ____ basic earth elements

A

two

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9
Q

A simple example of complex matter is?

A

H2O (two parts basic earth element)

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10
Q

The molecule is the smallest particle that retains the characteristics of that molecule. True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

Name three physical classifications of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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12
Q

Name three electrical classifications of matter

A

semi conductor
conductor
insulator

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13
Q

Name two semi-conductors

A

Silicon and Germanium

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14
Q

Name two insulators

A

mica, glass, wood

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15
Q

Name three conductors

A

copper, silver, aluminum, gold

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16
Q

A semi conductor is a solid substance that has the conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, due to the addition of an impurity or because temp effects. true or false?

A

true

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17
Q

Atoms contain 4 major parts; name them?

A

Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons

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18
Q

The heart of the atom is called?

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

The nucleus is comprised of?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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20
Q

The Nucleus is said to be __________ charged

A

positively

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21
Q

Orbiting the nucleus are negative charges called _________

A

electrons

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22
Q

The electrons are at different energy levels called _______

A

shells

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23
Q

Magnetic energy of the atom keeps __________ charged electrons in orbit by pulling them towards the _________ charged nucleus

A

negatively

positively

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24
Q

Kinetic energy also keeps electrons in orbit by stopping them from combining with the nucleus due to __________ _______

A

centrifugal force

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25
Q

What are the two reasons electrons stay in orbit around the nucleus?

A

Magnetic and Kinetic energy

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26
Q

Silicon and Germanium both contain __ valence electrons in their valence shell

A

4

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27
Q

Intrinsic material atom is considered to be in _________ state

A

neutral

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28
Q

In intrinsic neutral state atoms mean there are?

A

same number of protons and electrons

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29
Q

What is doping?

A

mixing impure (extrinsic) with pure (intrinsic) materials

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30
Q

Doping with impurities _________ the conductivity of the semi-conductor

A

increases

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31
Q

Conduction in a pure silicon crystal (achieved by covalent bonding) is only affected by heat or light energy. True or False?

A

True

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32
Q

Semi-conductors are doped to be either ___ type or ___ type

A

N-type or P-type

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33
Q

Semi conductors doped with impurities increase the ____________ of the semi-conductor

A

conductivity

34
Q

Impurities with 5 valence electrons are called __________ and give the crystal an overall ________ charge or “__“-type

A

Pentavalent
negative
N-type

35
Q

Impurities with 3 valence electrons are called ________ and give the crystal an overall __________. This will be “__”- type material

A

Trivalent
positive
P-type

36
Q

N-type Silicon is doped with? (3)

A

Phosphorus
Antimony
Arsenic

37
Q

P- type silicon is doped with? (3)

A

Aluminum, Gallium, Boron, Indium

38
Q

Conventional current flow is ___ -_____

A

positive to negative

39
Q

Electron flow is _________ to __________

A

negative to positive

40
Q

For an electron to flow it must have a _______ to flow into

A

hole

41
Q

The hole moves positive to negative, therefore the electron moves ?

A

negative to positive

42
Q

P-type is the ________ and N-type is the _________

A

Diode
Cathode

43
Q

Intrinsic layer in the middle of a diode is the ________ ______

A

depletion region

44
Q

PN junctions are formed by fusing different _________ into the silicon crystal material

A

impurities

45
Q

Name the two types of biasing

A

forward
reverse

46
Q

Forward biasing is when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. True or False?

A

True

47
Q

What is Knee voltage?

A

cut in voltage

48
Q

What is the knee voltages for silicon and germanium?

A

SI = 0.7v
GE= 0.3v

49
Q

Depletion region disappears when knee voltage is applied and causes the ________ to drop and allows current to flow neg to pos

A

resistance

50
Q

Reverse biasing is switching the direction of the current flow. True or False?

A

True

51
Q

Reverse biasing changes the junction diode into a _________

A

resistor

52
Q

Forward bias is _________ electron flow and Reverse biasing is __________ electron flow

A

conducting

resisting

53
Q

No current will flow when the polarity on the diode is reversed. True or False?

A

True

54
Q

Forward current means an increase in heat which will require the installation of a?

A

Heat sink

55
Q

High voltage applied to a reverse diode will breakdown the diode and destroy it. This is known as ?

A

Avalanche current

56
Q

Knee voltage?

A

Require voltage to put the diode into conduction

57
Q

P.I.V?

A

peak inverse voltage

58
Q

P.I.V is best described as?

A

amount of voltage the diode can safely handle in reverse

59
Q

V.B.R?

A

Voltage breakdown reverse

60
Q

V.B.R is best described as?

A

Point at which the diode will be destroyed?

61
Q

Exceeding P.I.V = ______

A

V.B.R

62
Q

Diode receives a higher voltage than your meter reads because it is receiving _____ vs RMS

A

PEAK

63
Q

If infinity/O/L is seen on both sides of the diode it means it is?

A

open

64
Q

If low ohms is read on both sides of the diode it means it is __________

A

shorted

65
Q

What is the most popular diode we use daily?

A

LED

66
Q

A transformer reduces voltage, isolates the circuit and prevents ground loops. True or False?

A

True

67
Q

All diodes must be in ______ with the loads

A

series

68
Q

The junction diode rectifier is used to (2)

A
  1. Rectify AC to DC
  2. As a blocking diode to prevent back emf
69
Q

Name the three different types of rectifiers/regulators?

A
  1. Full-wave
  2. Half-wave
  3. Full-wave bridge rectifier
70
Q

Name the two types of half-wave rectifiers

A

Positive half wave
Negative half wave

71
Q

The positive half wave rectifier changes AC to DC by removing _____ _____ of the AC input signal. This creates a __________ ___ _________

A

one half

pulsating Dc voltage

72
Q

How is a positive pulsating DC voltage created?

A

Using a half wave rectifier and removing one half of the AC input signal

73
Q

The negative half wave has a diode that is _______ which will result in a pulsating dc voltage that is ________

A

negative

74
Q

The only difference between the positive and negative rectification is?

A

the direction of the diode

75
Q

Advantages of a half-wave rectifier? (2)

A

Simple construction and low cost

76
Q

Disadvantages of a half-wave rectifier? (2)

A

High ripple factor (121%)
Low efficiency (45%)

77
Q

Full-wave rectifier is also known as a?

A

centre tap transformer

78
Q

Advantages of a full-wave/centre trap rectifier? (2)

A

Lower ripple factor (42%)
Higher efficiency (90%)

79
Q

Disadvantages of a full-wave/centre tap rectifier? (1)

A

Higher cost of construction (centre tap transformer) and extra diode

80
Q

Full-wave bridge rectifier advantages? (2)

A

no centre tap transformer
PIV rating of diode is less

81
Q

Disadvantages of full-wave bridge rectifier?

A

Requires 4 diodes

Term 3 - Main. Computer Environment Systems (4 decks)

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