PPST/OST (inc. Use of Force legislation). Flashcards
Assessment on approaching an incident, THREAT ASSESSMENT.
P - Person. (Hands, positioning & distance, persona).
O - Object. (Think outside the box, not the obvious).
P - Place. (Surroundings, exits and lighting)
HIGH RISK or UNKNOWN RISK
No such thing as LOW/NO risk.
Considerations on the implications of using PPST/OST.
What options are open to me?
How to minimise risk of harm?
What if things don’t happen as I expect?
TO ACCOUNT FOR DECISIONS. Was my actions…
Proportionate, lawful, necessary and ethical?
Justification: Reasonable in the circumstances, understood by myself at the time.
Define: Force.
Using actions that will produce an effect on the mind or will.
Applying influence, strength, power and energy is a basic aspect of Police work, Understanding how and why you have to use it, alongside the ability to explain its use (justification).
Common Law. (And its two main sections).
Common law permits REASONABLE and PROPORTIONATE force where necessary in SELF DEFENCE or to prevent a BREACH OF THE PEACE.
RELATES TO BOTH POLICE CONSTABLES AND MEMBERS OF PUBLIC.
1) relates to self defense, pre-emptive strikes,
2) Relates to breach of the peace,
S3 (1) Criminal Law act of 1967.
References to ANY person, not just a Constable
ANY person may use reasonable force in the prevention of crime, or assisting in the lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders or persons unlawfully at large.
S117 Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984.
Power of a constable to use reasonable force.
Use of Reasonable and Necessary force in relation to a PACE power, (Search people, take fingerprints, arrest and to seize property).
S37 Police Reform Act 2002
Civilian Staff (PCSO, DDO)
A PCSO or DDO is empowered to use such force as is reasonable and necessary:
- To prevent crime or effect an arrest (other than under PACE)
- In self-defence, in defence of others or defence of property
- To stop or prevent a breach of the peace
- To lawfully use a power within their Designation under the Police Reform Act 2002
“Where any power exercisable by any person in reliance on his designation under this section is a power which, in the case of its exercise by a constable, includes or is supplemented by a power to use reasonable force, any person exercising that power in reliance on that designation shall have the same entitlement as a constable to use reasonable force.”
Quality of encounter model – Double E, Double R.
E – EXPLAIN – WHO YOU ARE, WHY THEY ARE BEING STOPPED
E – ENSURE – THE PERSON UNDERSTANDS WHAT IS GOING ON, AND YOUR INTENTIONS
R – RECORD – USE OF FORCE AND OUTCOME, EXPLAIN THE PAPERWORK
R – REASSURE – END THE ENCOUNTER ON A POSITIVE NOTE, REASSURE STOP AND SEARCH IS POSITIVE.
