Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tuberculosis in Infancy and Childhood > PPS Tb Guidelines > Flashcards

PPS Tb Guidelines Flashcards

1
Q

MDR-Tb

A

Resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

XDR-Tb

A

Resistant to HR + Fluoroquinolone + at least 1 second-line injectable agent (amikacin, kanamycin, and/or capreomycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary mode of transmission of Tb bacilli

A

Airborne droplet nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tb transmission from children aged less than ___ is rare, since most children cannot expectorate sputum

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Associated with virulence of Tb bacilli

A

1) Trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) 2) Sulfatides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Responsible for morphologic appearance of cell serpentine cords of Tb bacilli in close, parallel arrangements

A

Cord factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peripherally located glycolipids that inhibit fusion secondary lysosomes with Tb bacilli-containing phagosomes within a macrophage, possibly promoting INTRACELLULAR SURVIVAL of the organisms

A

Sulfatides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of Tb

A

Demonstration/isolation of the organism by culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Doubling time of Tb bacilli

A

18-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cells responsible for containment of Tb bacilli as local pulmonary infiltrates and hilarity adenopathy

A

Th1 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Progression from Tb infection to Tb disease occurs in ___% of affected individuals

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key risk factors for Tb (4)

A

1) Household contact with a newly diagnosed smear (+) case 2) Age less than 5 years 3) HIV infection 4) Immunocompromised state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Size of the infective droplet nucleus of Tb

A

5 micra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 stages of pulmonary pathology of Tb

A

1) Scavenging non activated alveolar macrophages digest tb bacillus 2) (Symbiosis) Macrophage fails to destroy the bacillus undergoing replication destroying the macrophage; other macrophages are attracted leading to development of GRANULOMA 3) Increase in number of tubercle bacilli inhibited by development of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY and DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY 4a) Enlargement of tubercle and its caseous center with hematogenous spread in weak immunity 4b) Stabilization or regression of tubercle in hosts with strong immunity 5) CASEOUS CENTER LIQUEFACTION, extracellular bacillary growth, cavity formation, and bronchial dissemination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lung lesion of primary Tb

A

Ghon focus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most frequent site of scrofula

A

Nodes in the ANTERIOR TRIANGLE of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MCC of mortality from Tb in children below 3 years of age

A

Tb meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F Tb men is ALWAYS secondary to a tuberculous process elsewhere in the body

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tb of the long bones usually start as

A

Area of endarteritis in the metaphysis of the long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pott’s disease has a predilection for

A

Lower thoracic, upper lumbar and lumbosacral vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tb of the joints is rare in children; it has a predilection for

A

Joints of the upper extremities with monoarticular involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Initial radiographic picture of primary tb

A

Parenchymal infiltration accompanied by ipsilateral LN enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LN in this area appear to be the ones most often affected in Tb lymphadenopathy

A

Right upper paratracheal area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why the right upper paratracheal LN are most often affected in Tb lymphadenopathy

A

Lymphatic drainage of the lungs occurs predominantly from left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Radiologic finding that clearly differentiates primary from post primary/reactivation tb

A

Hilar or paratracheal LN enlargement

26
Q

MC radiographic manifestation of reactivation pTB

A

Focal or patchy heterogeneous calcification in the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobes and superior segments of the lower lobes

27
Q

Radiologic hallmark of reactivation TB

A

Cavities

28
Q

Phemister triad

A

1) Juxtaarticular osteoporosis 2) Peripherally located osseous erosions 3) Gradual narrowing of interosseous space

29
Q

What is the Phemister triad

A

Characteristic radiologic finding in tuberculous arthritis

30
Q

Most specific finding in diagnosis of CNS Tb

A

Basal cistern hyperdensity

31
Q

MC complication of TB meningitis

A

Communicating hcp

32
Q

Vaccine category that may suppress tuberculin reaction

A

Live virus vaccine

33
Q

DOH HTP recommends that TST be delayed for ___ after a bout of measles, mumps, chicken pox, or whooping cough

A

2 months

34
Q

An induration of ___ is considered a (+) TST

A

≥10 mm

35
Q

An induration ≥5mm is considered a positive TST in the presence of

A

1) History of close contact with a known or suspected infectious case of TB 2) Clinical findings suggestive of Tb 3) CXR suggestive of TB 4) Immunocompromised condition

36
Q

Clinical manifestations which, when taken together, are most suggestive of childhood Tb disease

A

History of recent weight loss or failure to gain weight

37
Q

Spectrum of TB

A

1) Exposure 2) Infection 3) Disease

38
Q

Spectrum of TB: Exposed but no signs/symptoms, negative TST CXR sputum AFB and other diagnostics

A

Exposure or Class I

39
Q

Spectrum of TB: Only one with signs and symptoms

A

Disease or Class III

40
Q

Spectrum of TB: TST may be positive but negative in most children

A

Infection or Class II

41
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Bactericidal

A

H, R, Z (weakly), S

42
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Bacteriostatic

A

Ethambutol

43
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

A

H, R

44
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Potent sterilizing activity within macrophages

A

Z

45
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Dose

A

HRZES in order: 10-15mg/kg, 10-20, 20-40, 15-25, 20-40

46
Q

Anti Tb drugs: Max dose

A

HRZES in order: 300mg, 600, 2g, 1.2g, 1g

47
Q

D/C INH if transaminase levels is ___ from normal or with hepatitis

A

> 3.5x

48
Q

Adverse reactions to Streptomycin

A

1) Sterile abscess 2) Auditory function impairment

49
Q

Algorithm for Preventive Therapy of Childhood TB: TB exposure, less than 5 years old

A

INH x 3 months

50
Q

Algorithm for Preventive Therapy of Childhood TB: TB exposure ≥ 5 years old

A

Mantoux test, if (+) with radiologic findings plus signs and symptoms, treat as TB disease; if (+) with no radiologic findings, signs or symptoms, treat as latent TB infection; if (-) with no BCG scar, give BCG after 2 weeks

51
Q

After 3 months INH for TB exposure less than 5 years old

A

Repeat Mantoux test, if (-) with no BCG scar, give BCG after 2 weeks; if (+) with radiologic findings plus signs and symptoms, treat as TB disease; if (+) with no radiologic findings, signs or symptoms, treat as latent TB infection

52
Q

Treatment for latent TB infection

A

9-12 months INH including 3 months initially given for exposure

53
Q

Standard treatment for TB in pregnant women

A

HRZE

54
Q

Can a woman breastfeed while treating for TB

A

Breastfeeding is encouraged because only minimal amounts of the drug are excreted in breastmilk

55
Q

Treatment for mothers with latent TB infection

A

INH IMMEDIATELY WITHOUT DELAY

56
Q

T/F The mother who has current TB disease but has undergone treatment for 2 weeks or more is presumed to be no longer contagious at the time of delivery

A

T

57
Q

Management of newborn of mother with TB disease

A

Give INH for 3 months then TST; if TST (-) D/C INH and give BCG; if TST (+) with no radiographic findings, signs, and symptoms, complete 9 months of INH

58
Q

Recommended for infants whose mothers have TB disease and has not yet undergone treatment

A

1) Separation from mother 2) Give INH or rifampicin if INH-resistant for 3 months 3) Do TST, if (+) but CXR (-) complete 9 months of INH or RIF; if (-), repeat after 3 months

59
Q

Recommended for infants if CXR and TST of mother are negative and has completed treatment

A

Give BCG and D/C INH

60
Q

Treatment for congenital TB

A

2 HRZS, 4-7 HR

Tuberculosis in Infancy and Childhood (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions