PPs Flashcards
Culture
Culture relates to elements of practice or belief that are specific to a certain group or population of people. These elements can include such observable features as dress, language, culinary preferences, customs, and lifestyle. They also include less transparent factors such as age and gender roles, family dynamics, child-rearing practices, religious and/or spiritual beliefs, and value systems (Battle, 2012).
What does CLD stand for?
CLD Population refers to those who are “Culturally and Linguistically Diverse.” (CLD)
Race
Race is used to describe the biological and physical characteristics (e.g., skin color, facial features) of a group.
Ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to the sense of shared cultural elements that provide cohesion and unity among a group of people.
Assimilation
Assimilation occurs when people abandon their own cultural practices for those of their new society.
Acculturation
Acculturation is the process by which people entering a new society adopt cultural attributes of their host society.
Ethnography
Ethnography is the anthropological study of cultures.
Ethnocentricity
Ethnocentricity is the term used to describe the judgment of another culture based on your own culture’s value system and societal norms.
Cultural Competence
Cultural Competence has been described as a practitioner’s ability to respond respectfully, reciprocally, and responsively to children and families in ways that acknowledge the richness and limitations of families’ and practitioners’ socio-cultural contexts (Barrera & Corso, 2003)
Causes of Healthcare Disparity
Underrepresentation
Ethnic minorities will become racial majority in U.S. by 2044 but are still underrepresented in health professions (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015; Pilcher, Charles, & Lancaster, 2008)
If better represented, care of individuals would improve:
Communication
Greater access to care
Larger pool of providers (Pilcher, 2008)
Representation in speech-language pathology
In 2015, 92.2% of ASHA members were Anglo-European (ASHA, 2015)
Culture identity
According to Guthrie (1975):
Cultural identity is established by the age of 5.
Children learn cultural patterns more easily than adults.
Values are determined by one’s first culture and may need to be revised upon entering subsequent cultures.
Understanding one’s first culture often leads to misunderstanding and misinterpreting secondary cultures.
Longstanding behavior patterns are typically used to express one’s deepest values, and are thus, most difficult to change.
Cross-Cultural Competence
Cross-Cultural Competence is the ability to think, feel, and act in ways that acknowledge, respect, and build on ethnic, (socio-) cultural, and linguistic diversity (Lynch & Hanson, 2011).
Waves of immigration
Wave I – came from north and west European countries (roughly late 18th to mid 19th centuries)
Wave II – came from Scandinavia (roughly mid to late 19th century)
Wave III – came from Slavic, Mediterranean, and Middle-Eastern countries (roughly late 19th through 20th century)
“The Great Atlantic Migration” brought over 38 million people to the US in about 100 years.
With them, came language, government, alphabetical and numerical systems, and the Judeo-Christian perspective.
Culture Shock
Culture Shock - The stress associated with unfamiliarity of local customs, expectations, practices, language, and culture that a new member of a society may experience.
Reverse Culture Shock
Reverse Culture Shock - The stress of having to readjust to a previously learned set of cultural expectations.
Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Socioeconomic Status (SES) relates to class status and condition of material wealth. Class may be seen as a form of culture when members of a certain class-based group assimilate shared patterns of being, living, speaking, valuing, and acting (Ramsey, 1991).
Gender
Gender is the social construction of groups of people and assigned roles and norms according to one’s biological sex (Martin & Ruble, 2009).
