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PPR study Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Knowledge is a collection of behavior responses that are in response to external stimuli. Learners are passive.

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2
Q

What type of motivation is associated with behaviorism?

A

Extrinsic using positive and negative reinforcements

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3
Q

Classical conditioning

A

a learning process that occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired

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4
Q

Cognitivism

A

knowledge is developed through processing and connecting information to already established knowledge. learners are active.

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5
Q

What motivation is associated with cognitivism?

A

intrinsic using self-efficacy

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6
Q

Constructivism

A

knowledge is constructed through our individual experiences. learners are active.

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7
Q

What motivation is associated with constructivism?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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8
Q

What types of learning use constructivism?

A

experimental and inquiry based

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9
Q

Effective planning focused on cognitive needs?

A

bloom’s taxonomy, learning theories, learning styles, and scaffolding

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10
Q

Effective planning focused on physical needs?

A

balance between movement and stationary learning, maslow’s hierarchy, learning styles

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11
Q

Effective planning focused on social needs?

A

safe environment, strategic and effective grouping, and collaborative learning

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12
Q

Effective planning focused on emotional needs?

A

safe environment, maslow’s hierarchy, and teacher support

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13
Q

what should classroom discussions have?

A

safe space, clear expectations, supporting claims with evidence, active listening, and skilled questioning

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14
Q

What does action research consist of?

A

gathering data for the purpose of analyzing it, identifying areas for growth, creating a plan for improvement, reflecting, and repeating as necessary

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15
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

when students engage in a behavior, whether they want to or not, because they want to earn the reward or avoid being punished

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16
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

when students engage in a behavior because they desire to or enjoy the behavior

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17
Q

Jean Piaget

A

psychologist who outlined 4 stages of cognitive development

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18
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

birth-2. learns object permanence, reflexes, self-soothing, and mobility

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19
Q

Pre-operational Stage

A

ages 2-7. Uses symbols to learn. Learns pretend play, imaginary friends, object representation, egocentric, and curious

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20
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

7-11. Begin to use more logical thinking but struggles with hypotheticals and abstract concepts. Learns classifying objects, idea of conservation, inductive logic, and less egocentric.

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21
Q

Formal operational stage

A

12+. able to use logic, problem solving, reasoning, etc. learns abstract thinking, application of knowledge for complex problems, sense of identity, and social and moral questions.

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22
Q

Self Awareness

A

knowing strengths and areas for growth

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23
Q

Self-management

A

controlling emotions and behaviors

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24
Q

social awareness

A

having empathy for others

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25
Q

relationship skills

A

collaboration and healthy conflict resolution

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26
Q

responsible decision making skills

A

safe and ethical choices

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27
Q

Unoccupied play

A

0-3 months. used to describe infants moving with no clear purpose.

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28
Q

Solitary play

A

0-2 years. when a child is playing alone and does not seem to have interest in playing with others yet.

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29
Q

spectator/onlooker

A

2 years. when a child watches or observes other children playing but does not participate in the playing

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30
Q

parallel play

A

2+ years. when children play alongside or close to another child but does not engage or play with them.

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31
Q

Associate play

A

3-4 years. children interacting during play without collaboration.

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32
Q

cooperative play

A

4+ years. children collaboratively playing with others and have a shared interest in the activity or each other.

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33
Q

Vygotsky

A

theorized that culture underlies cognitive development. known for the ZPD and provided important information about the idea of scaffolding

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34
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

the area of understanding just outside what a student knows but is capable of learning

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35
Q

Bloom

A

proposed three domains of learning: cognitive, affective, and psycho-motor. best known for Bloom’s Taxonomy

36
Q

Maslow

A

known for hierarchy of needs. his ideas focused on building student/teacher relationships

37
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological needs, safety/security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

38
Q

Metacognition

A

the process of thinking about your own thinking and learning

39
Q

metacognitive strategies

A

study the brain, activating prior knowledge, think alouds, asking questions, teacher modeling, reviewing/summarizing, and reflection

40
Q

accomodation

A

an alteration of environment, curriculum format, or equipment that allows an individual with a disability to gain access to content and/or complete assigned tasks. It does not change or alter the task/content to be learned.

41
Q

Modification

A

a change in what is being taught or expected from the student. A more intensive intervention than accommodation.

42
Q

Beginning stage ELL

A

learning receptive language, learning through pictures and diagrams and body language, listens more than speaks, fatigue

43
Q

emerging stage ELL

A

begins about 6 months after student learns receptive language. uses short phrases and may code-switch

44
Q

developing stage ELL

A

initiate conversation with peers, understand a modified curriculum, developed basic interpersonal communication skills

45
Q

expanding stage ELL

A

becoming fluent, struggles with writing and sentence structure

46
Q

bridging stage ELL

A

likely exited ELL program, may require teacher support, still acquiring cognitive academic language proficiency

47
Q

Beginning ELPS

A

little or no ability to understand and use english. does not know enough to function in social or academic settings.

48
Q

intermediate ELPS

A

do have some ability to understand english. can function in social and academic as long as they can use simple structures and high-frequency vocab

49
Q

advanced ELPS

A

can engage in grade-appropriate academic instruction. Support is still needed to help them understand

50
Q

advanced-high ELPS

A

minimal support needed

51
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

changes in behavior are a result of individuals’ response to to events or stimuli. when a stimulus-response pattern is rewarded, the individual is conditioned to respond similarly in the future. positively reinforced behavior will reoccur.

52
Q

William Glasser

A

choice theory is based around the idea that all we do is behave. almost all behavior is chosen. we are driven to satisfy the five needs of survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun.

53
Q

Alfie Kohn

A

critiqued traditional education. argued that positive reinforcement only encourages students to seek out more and they are not learning. advocated for using a student’s curiosity to determine what is taught. completely student-centered.

54
Q

least restrictive environment

A

students with disabilities to be educated with their peers to the maximum extent possible

55
Q

Functional Behavioral Assessment

A

includes helpful information about behavioral antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences of the behavior

56
Q

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

A

ensures free appropriate public education for any child that has a disability

57
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA )

A

requires each state to ensure that FAPE is available to all eligible children with disabilities, birth to 21

58
Q

Individualized Education Plan (IEP)

A

educational learning plan that is designed to meet the specific needs of an individual whose disabilities impact their academic success

59
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

federal civil rights law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in multiple settings

60
Q

504

A

a plan that outlines how a school, even college, will support a student with a disability

61
Q

Child Find

A

school district’s responsibility to identify and evaluate students who may need special education services at no charge to families

62
Q

Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

A

a legally binding document that is usually part of an IEP that focuses on positive behavior for a student

63
Q

building administration responsibilities

A

monitors student achievement, support staff, monitor instructional success and effectiveness, hires staff, evaluates teacher performance, communicate with the community

64
Q

superintendent responsibilities

A

evaluates building administration, support staff, monitor instructional success and effectiveness, district budget, works with school board to execute the district vision, communicating with the community

65
Q

school board responsibilities

A

support staff, monitor instructional staff and effectiveness, approving new hires, communicate with the community, evaluate the superintendent, adopt new policies

66
Q

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

A

a law passed by the US congress to protect the privacy of students and parents

67
Q

copyright

A

legal right to intellectual property

68
Q

fair use

A

reproducing copyrighted works for educational purposes

69
Q

attribution theory

A

internal attribution is assumed when other people make mistakes or are victims, since individuals tend to see others as a predictable stereotype

70
Q

affective domain

A

controls development of emotions, values, and attitudes

71
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

theory by albert bandura. behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, environment, and stimuli

72
Q

vicarious learning

A

theory by albert bandura. learning by observing the consequences to others that evokes emotions from the observer

73
Q

Jerome Bruner

A

constructivist theorist. contributed 3 modes of representation to the field of cognitive development. promoted motivation for learning.

74
Q

enactive

A

action-based

75
Q

iconic

A

image-based

76
Q

symbolic

A

language-based

77
Q

John Watson

A

behaviorist theorist

78
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

created stages of moral development

79
Q

preconventional morality

A

ages 3-7. moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment

80
Q

conventional morality

A

ages 8-13. moral reasoning is based on external ethics

81
Q

post-conventional morality

A

ages 13+. moral reasoning based on personal ethics

82
Q

Erik Erikson

A

theorist of psychosocial development. believed the individual must reconcile his/her own personal needs with the needs of society. developed 8 stages of psychosocial development.

83
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

believed in operant conditioning. learning how to behave because of rewards or punishments that ae given in response to conduct.

84
Q

John Dewey

A

philosopher. believed that learning occurred through series of scientific inquiry and experiments. advocated for real world experiences and volunteerism

85
Q

Albert Bandura

A

candian psychologist and social learning theorist. believed that learning resulted from cognition, behavior, and environment. believed that behavioral changed occurred when using attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

PPR study (1 decks)

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