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PPR study Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Knowledge is a collection of behavior responses that are in response to external stimuli. Learners are passive.

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2
Q

What type of motivation is associated with behaviorism?

A

Extrinsic using positive and negative reinforcements

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3
Q

Classical conditioning

A

a learning process that occurs when 2 stimuli are repeatedly paired

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4
Q

Cognitivism

A

knowledge is developed through processing and connecting information to already established knowledge. learners are active.

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5
Q

What motivation is associated with cognitivism?

A

intrinsic using self-efficacy

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6
Q

Constructivism

A

knowledge is constructed through our individual experiences. learners are active.

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7
Q

What motivation is associated with constructivism?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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8
Q

What types of learning use constructivism?

A

experimental and inquiry based

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9
Q

Effective planning focused on cognitive needs?

A

bloom’s taxonomy, learning theories, learning styles, and scaffolding

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10
Q

Effective planning focused on physical needs?

A

balance between movement and stationary learning, maslow’s hierarchy, learning styles

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11
Q

Effective planning focused on social needs?

A

safe environment, strategic and effective grouping, and collaborative learning

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12
Q

Effective planning focused on emotional needs?

A

safe environment, maslow’s hierarchy, and teacher support

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13
Q

what should classroom discussions have?

A

safe space, clear expectations, supporting claims with evidence, active listening, and skilled questioning

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14
Q

What does action research consist of?

A

gathering data for the purpose of analyzing it, identifying areas for growth, creating a plan for improvement, reflecting, and repeating as necessary

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15
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

when students engage in a behavior, whether they want to or not, because they want to earn the reward or avoid being punished

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16
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

when students engage in a behavior because they desire to or enjoy the behavior

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17
Q

Jean Piaget

A

psychologist who outlined 4 stages of cognitive development

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18
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

birth-2. learns object permanence, reflexes, self-soothing, and mobility

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19
Q

Pre-operational Stage

A

ages 2-7. Uses symbols to learn. Learns pretend play, imaginary friends, object representation, egocentric, and curious

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20
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

7-11. Begin to use more logical thinking but struggles with hypotheticals and abstract concepts. Learns classifying objects, idea of conservation, inductive logic, and less egocentric.

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21
Q

Formal operational stage

A

12+. able to use logic, problem solving, reasoning, etc. learns abstract thinking, application of knowledge for complex problems, sense of identity, and social and moral questions.

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22
Q

Self Awareness

A

knowing strengths and areas for growth

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23
Q

Self-management

A

controlling emotions and behaviors

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24
Q

social awareness

A

having empathy for others

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25
relationship skills
collaboration and healthy conflict resolution
26
responsible decision making skills
safe and ethical choices
27
Unoccupied play
0-3 months. used to describe infants moving with no clear purpose.
28
Solitary play
0-2 years. when a child is playing alone and does not seem to have interest in playing with others yet.
29
spectator/onlooker
2 years. when a child watches or observes other children playing but does not participate in the playing
30
parallel play
2+ years. when children play alongside or close to another child but does not engage or play with them.
31
Associate play
3-4 years. children interacting during play without collaboration.
32
cooperative play
4+ years. children collaboratively playing with others and have a shared interest in the activity or each other.
33
Vygotsky
theorized that culture underlies cognitive development. known for the ZPD and provided important information about the idea of scaffolding
34
Zone of proximal development
the area of understanding just outside what a student knows but is capable of learning
35
Bloom
proposed three domains of learning: cognitive, affective, and psycho-motor. best known for Bloom's Taxonomy
36
Maslow
known for hierarchy of needs. his ideas focused on building student/teacher relationships
37
Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs, safety/security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization
38
Metacognition
the process of thinking about your own thinking and learning
39
metacognitive strategies
study the brain, activating prior knowledge, think alouds, asking questions, teacher modeling, reviewing/summarizing, and reflection
40
accomodation
an alteration of environment, curriculum format, or equipment that allows an individual with a disability to gain access to content and/or complete assigned tasks. It does not change or alter the task/content to be learned.
41
Modification
a change in what is being taught or expected from the student. A more intensive intervention than accommodation.
42
Beginning stage ELL
learning receptive language, learning through pictures and diagrams and body language, listens more than speaks, fatigue
43
emerging stage ELL
begins about 6 months after student learns receptive language. uses short phrases and may code-switch
44
developing stage ELL
initiate conversation with peers, understand a modified curriculum, developed basic interpersonal communication skills
45
expanding stage ELL
becoming fluent, struggles with writing and sentence structure
46
bridging stage ELL
likely exited ELL program, may require teacher support, still acquiring cognitive academic language proficiency
47
Beginning ELPS
little or no ability to understand and use english. does not know enough to function in social or academic settings.
48
intermediate ELPS
do have some ability to understand english. can function in social and academic as long as they can use simple structures and high-frequency vocab
49
advanced ELPS
can engage in grade-appropriate academic instruction. Support is still needed to help them understand
50
advanced-high ELPS
minimal support needed
51
B.F. Skinner
changes in behavior are a result of individuals' response to to events or stimuli. when a stimulus-response pattern is rewarded, the individual is conditioned to respond similarly in the future. positively reinforced behavior will reoccur.
52
William Glasser
choice theory is based around the idea that all we do is behave. almost all behavior is chosen. we are driven to satisfy the five needs of survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun.
53
Alfie Kohn
critiqued traditional education. argued that positive reinforcement only encourages students to seek out more and they are not learning. advocated for using a student's curiosity to determine what is taught. completely student-centered.
54
least restrictive environment
students with disabilities to be educated with their peers to the maximum extent possible
55
Functional Behavioral Assessment
includes helpful information about behavioral antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequences of the behavior
56
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
ensures free appropriate public education for any child that has a disability
57
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA )
requires each state to ensure that FAPE is available to all eligible children with disabilities, birth to 21
58
Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
educational learning plan that is designed to meet the specific needs of an individual whose disabilities impact their academic success
59
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
federal civil rights law that protects people with disabilities from discrimination in multiple settings
60
504
a plan that outlines how a school, even college, will support a student with a disability
61
Child Find
school district's responsibility to identify and evaluate students who may need special education services at no charge to families
62
Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)
a legally binding document that is usually part of an IEP that focuses on positive behavior for a student
63
building administration responsibilities
monitors student achievement, support staff, monitor instructional success and effectiveness, hires staff, evaluates teacher performance, communicate with the community
64
superintendent responsibilities
evaluates building administration, support staff, monitor instructional success and effectiveness, district budget, works with school board to execute the district vision, communicating with the community
65
school board responsibilities
support staff, monitor instructional staff and effectiveness, approving new hires, communicate with the community, evaluate the superintendent, adopt new policies
66
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
a law passed by the US congress to protect the privacy of students and parents
67
copyright
legal right to intellectual property
68
fair use
reproducing copyrighted works for educational purposes
69
attribution theory
internal attribution is assumed when other people make mistakes or are victims, since individuals tend to see others as a predictable stereotype
70
affective domain
controls development of emotions, values, and attitudes
71
reciprocal determinism
theory by albert bandura. behavior is determined by a combination of cognitive factors, environment, and stimuli
72
vicarious learning
theory by albert bandura. learning by observing the consequences to others that evokes emotions from the observer
73
Jerome Bruner
constructivist theorist. contributed 3 modes of representation to the field of cognitive development. promoted motivation for learning.
74
enactive
action-based
75
iconic
image-based
76
symbolic
language-based
77
John Watson
behaviorist theorist
78
Lawrence Kohlberg
created stages of moral development
79
preconventional morality
ages 3-7. moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment
80
conventional morality
ages 8-13. moral reasoning is based on external ethics
81
post-conventional morality
ages 13+. moral reasoning based on personal ethics
82
Erik Erikson
theorist of psychosocial development. believed the individual must reconcile his/her own personal needs with the needs of society. developed 8 stages of psychosocial development.
83
Edward Thorndike
believed in operant conditioning. learning how to behave because of rewards or punishments that ae given in response to conduct.
84
John Dewey
philosopher. believed that learning occurred through series of scientific inquiry and experiments. advocated for real world experiences and volunteerism
85
Albert Bandura
candian psychologist and social learning theorist. believed that learning resulted from cognition, behavior, and environment. believed that behavioral changed occurred when using attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

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