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Toxicology > PPQ 2021/22 > Flashcards

PPQ 2021/22 Flashcards

1
Q

Toxic metal ion exists in different oxidation states and chronic usage can lead to tolerance development

A

Arsenic

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2
Q

Deoxynivalenol stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in medulla oblongata, leading to vomiting. Unlike other trichothecenes, it does not cause local irritation

A

False- all true but it does cause local irritation

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3
Q

The most toxic part of blue star are are its seeds

A

True

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4
Q

Their toxicodynamic effect involves damage of the NAD/NADH system

A

Cyanides

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5
Q

The main active ingredient of the solenopsis spp. Ants is an alkaloid

A

True

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6
Q

Zearalenone is approximately three fold more toxic as zearalenol

A

True

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7
Q

What is the main component in the venom of vipers

A

All of these
Hypothesized nephrotoxic compound
Neurotoxic compound
Cardiovascular compound

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8
Q

It possesses zootoxin

A

Ranaidae spp.
Asclepias spp.
Elaphidae spp.
All of them

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9
Q

Which laboratory parameter is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Positive base excess (BE)

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10
Q

The alpha-latrotoxin has a presynaptic effect

A

False- postsynaptic, beta neurotoxin is presynaptic

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11
Q

Which substance cannot be used toa alleviate convulsions in poisoning?

A

Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Ketamine, Gabapentin

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12
Q

Which compound can cause thyroid gland hyperthrophy?

A

Dithiocarbamate

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13
Q

Zearalenone activates the 17 beta-estradiol receptor therefore it is harmless in male animals

A

False - damage to spermatogenesis in males. Also affects females. Higher progesterone, lower prolactin.

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14
Q

Resistance can occur in rodents against the anticoagulant rodenticides, especially in case of the second generation of these substances.

A

False- True but i think the same in both generations

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15
Q

Which substance is not used for treatment/prevention of phenobarbital toxicosis

A

Vitamin C

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16
Q

Dioxins are capable of accumulating in fat tissue

A

True

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17
Q

This animal contains cardiac glycoside compounds

A

The danaus butterfly, the toxic compound is originated from plants

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18
Q

In case of ethylene glycol poisoning, which substances is formed from the original molecule due to the effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Glycolic acid

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19
Q

Pentobarbital is contraindicated for the treatment of convulsion caused by poisoning due to its side effects

A

False it is used for convulsions

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20
Q

Poisonings caused by metalaldehyde, salt, ethylene glycol and permethrin can cause convulsions as symptoms

A

True

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21
Q

Which antibiotics are forbidden to use in herbivore rodents?

A

Amoxicillin

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22
Q

Ethylene glycol and ethanol are both substrates of the alcohol dehydrogenase, but the enzyme’s affinity is higher to ethanil

A

True

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23
Q

Dermal D50 value (mg/kg) of most toxin is higher than their oral LD50 value (mg/kg)

A

True

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24
Q

This compound reactivated acetylcholinesterase enzyme

A

Obidoxime

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25
Q

No specific antidotes are available in paraquat and diquat toxicosis

A

True

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26
Q

Copper toxicosis appears always in acute form in swine

A

False- sheep and cattle, swine acute and chromic

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27
Q

In case of bromadiolone poisoning, vitamin K should be administered for at least

A

3 weeks

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28
Q

Organophosphates are sensitive for basic pH

A

True

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29
Q

Methane is highly toxic gas causing asphyxiation even at low concentrations

A

False only at very high concentration

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30
Q

Which substances can cause vasodilation, anaphylactoid reaction and immunosuppression

A

Iron

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31
Q

Which antidote is effective against phenoxy acetic acid toxicosis

A

None of them- there is no specific antidote

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32
Q

Carbon monoxide is heavier than air, so sensors should as low as possible

A

False- it is lighter than air. The gases that are heavier than air are carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and chlorine

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33
Q

It is forbidden to combine chlorine containing disinfectants (e.g. hypochlorite) with acids and alkalis as this will release toxic concentrations of chlorine gas

A

False- just acids?

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34
Q

The most sensitive animal species for amitraz

A

Horse

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35
Q

From this list, this species is the least sensitive to nitrite-nitrate poisonings

A

Dog

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36
Q

Albendazole mainly has teratogenic effect in this species

A

Sheep

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37
Q

Arsenic toxicosis can be treated with dimercaprol

A

True

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38
Q

Pair substances used in ethylene glycol poisoning to their indication

A

Pantoprazole = gastroprotection
Dexamethasone = decrease edemas
Mannitol = osmotic diuretic
Ethanol = competitive antagonists of the alcohol-dehydrogenase
NaHCO3 infusion = alleviated the effects of glycolic acids and glyoxylic acid

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39
Q

Which of these materials can cause respiratory depression?

A

Cationic detergents

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40
Q

Monkshood poisoning leads to arrhythmias which is caused by delfinine alkaloids

A

False - true but caused by aconitine alkaloids. Delfinine alkaloids are present in Larkspur

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41
Q

Which can be a side effect in case of intravenous calcium administration

A

Sever bradycardia or even cardiac arrest

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42
Q

The antidote for KBr poisoning is orally given activated charcoal

A

False

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43
Q

Pair feed poisoning with most typical with the most typical mechanism of action

A

Methemoglobin formation = nitrite/nitrate poisoning
Metabolic alkalosis = urea poisoning
Increased insulin release = xylitol poisoning
Change in ion equilibrium both intra and extracellularly = table salt
Changes in ion balance within a cell = ionophore poisoning

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44
Q

What is the pathognomonic skin symptom caused by dioxins toxicosis

A

Chloracne

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45
Q

Pair the symptoms of the phases of ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Uremia, vomiting blood (hematemesis) = phase III
Albuminuria, hematuria, crystalluria = phase III
Tachycardia, lying down, tachypnoea = phase II
Emesis, stupor = phase I
Polyuria/polydipsia = phase I

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46
Q

The animal species is the most sensitive for larksour poisoning

A

Cattle

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47
Q

What is characteristic to the pharmacokinetics of bromadiolone

A

It is well absorbed orally

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48
Q

Clinical signs of bromadiolone and brodifacoum poisonings usually develop 24-48 hours after intake

A

Flase 3-6 days

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49
Q

Ethylene glycol poisonings is more frequent in cats than in dogs

A

False similar incidence in both cats and dogs, Less frequent in neutered animals

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50
Q

Cats are more sensitive for organophosphates than dogs

A

True

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51
Q

Which compound can lock the function of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase

A

Dithiocarbonate

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52
Q

Fumonisins are equally likely to cause leukoencephalmalacia in horses and pigs

A

False occurs in the horse but rarely swine

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53
Q

What is the cause of Itai-itai disease

A

Chronic Cd toxicosis

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54
Q

IV fluid therapy of the paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis can be combined with 2.5% glucose solution and vitamin B1

A

True

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55
Q

Fusarium spp. Are saprophytic or phytopathogenic fungi. Mycotoxins produced by these species often contaminate feed before harvest.

A

True

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56
Q

Which species is highly sensitive to xylitol

A

Dogs

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57
Q

This compound is not an organophosphate

A

Propuxur

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58
Q

What is the starting dose for the substance in case of paracetamol toxicosis

A

None of these - 140 first, 70 mg/kg IV/PO 3x daily

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59
Q

Most effective substance to induce emesis in cats

A

Xylazine

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60
Q

In case of alkaloid poisonings, urinary pH should be acidic to enhance elimination which can be achieved e.g. with IV vitamin C administration.

A

True

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61
Q

In case of alkaloid poisonings, urinary pH should be acidic to enhance elimination which can be achieved e.g. with IV sodium bicarbonate.

A

False IV vitamin C

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62
Q

This plant contains calcium oxalate

A

Flamingo flower
Daffodil
Dieffenbachia spp
All of them

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63
Q

This plant contains a poisonous compound that causes arrhythmias

A

Monkshood

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64
Q

A Tompsett test is suitable for detecting nitrophenol derivatives

A

False - paraquat and diquat

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65
Q

Acute inflammation of oropharynx is typical in case of this poisoning.

A

Monstera spp.
Dieffenbachia spp.
Both of them

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66
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin formed by an irreversible chemical bond.

A

False - nitrogen monoxide and hemoglobin

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67
Q

A 10% NaCO3 solution should be applied to the external mucus membranes to reduce the harmful effect of acidic toxic gases

A

False

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68
Q

The cadmium acts as an iron antagonist in the mammalian organism.

A

False- zinc antagonist (testicle lesions)

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69
Q

This toxic metal iron can cause rice-like diarrhea and can be antagonized with dimercaprol or succimer.

A

Arsenic

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70
Q

Pair the sentences with the appropriate feed poisonings

A

The poisoning causes the depletion of glutamate = urea poisoning
Dogs are much more susceptible to poisoning than other species, however cats seem not to be sensitive = xylitol poisoning
The risk of poisoning in young turkeys is especially increased by mixing coarse, large crystals in the feed = cooking salt poisoning
Concomitant use of certain antibiotic and chemical antioxidants significantly increases the development of this poisoning = ionophore poisoning
Extensive muscle degeneration is observed on pathological examination = ionophore poisoning

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71
Q

Mydriasis is typical in case of this poisoning

A

Angel’s trumpet

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72
Q

The DLC molecules can be absorbed from the skin surface very well.

A

True

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73
Q

Which substance can be used in eye drops to induce vomiting in dogs?

A

Ropinirole
Apomorphine
(Both of them)

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74
Q

Organophosphates are sensitive for basic pH

A

True

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75
Q

In ethylene glycol poisonings, typical blood biochemical parameters are hyperkalemia and highly negative base excess (BE) value

A

True

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76
Q

Pair the substances used in ethylene glycol poisoning to their indication

A

Pantoprazole = gastroprotection
Dexamethasone = decrease edemas
Mannitol = osmotic diuretic
Ethanol = competitive antagonists of the alcohol-dehydrogenase
NaHCO3 infusion = alleviated the effects of glycolic acids and glyoxylic acid

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77
Q

Which side effects are not characteristic for sulphonamide toxicosis?

A

Cartilage damage

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78
Q

When should the APTT change be investigated in case of bromadiolone poisoning?

A

48h after intake
72h after intake
24h after intake
All these times

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79
Q

Which compound can lock the function of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase?

A

Dithiocarbonate

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80
Q

Anemia can be a consequence of lead toxicosis due to reduction in heme synthesis

A

True

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81
Q

Dioxins are capable of bioaccumulation

A

True

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82
Q

Calcium can be given parenterally for treatment of this poisoning

A

Ethylene glycol

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83
Q

Physico-chemical accumulation is characteristic to this substance

A

Bromadiolone

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84
Q

Methane is highly toxic gas causing asphyxiation even at low concentrations

A

False - only at high concentrations

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85
Q

Nitrogen dioxide is often released during long term storage of feeds with high nitrate concentrations and causes poisoning.

A

True

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86
Q

TD50 value of a toxin is usually higher dose compared to its LD50 value

A

False

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87
Q

What is characteristic to the pharmacokinetics of bromadiolone?

A

It is well absorbed orally

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88
Q

In case of carbamide poisonings in cattle, diluted acetic acid and warm water can be used together to decrease the damage of ammonia

A

False- atropine

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89
Q

What is the specific component of the toad’s toxin?

A

Bufotoxin

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90
Q

This metal can cause chronic toxicosis in sheep and in certain dog breeds such as Bedlington terrier

A

Copper

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91
Q

Carbamates absorbed dermally more effectively than organophosphates

A

False

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92
Q

Symptoms of poisoning are similar to xylazine side effects

A

Amitraz

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93
Q

Which compound can cause thyroid gland hypertrophy

A

Dithiocarbamate

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94
Q

Which laboratory parameter is not characteristic to ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Alcalic pH

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95
Q

Due to inefficient function of glucuronyl transferase, cats are highly sensitive to these substances

A

NSAIDs

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96
Q

Their toxicodynamic effect involves damage of the NAD/NADH system

A

Cyanides

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97
Q

Carbon monoxide is heavier than air, so sensors should be as low as possible

A

False- lighter than air

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98
Q

Do not use artificial respiration to treat hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning

A

True

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99
Q

The individual toxic gland of the toads are concentrated to the sides of the head, forming a parotid gland

A

True

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100
Q

Fusarium spp. Are saprophytic or phytopathogenic fungi. Mycotoxins produced by these species often contaminate feed before harvest

A

True

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101
Q

These materials cause respiratory depression?

A

Cationic detergents

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102
Q

Dosage of pralidoxime in case of organophosphate poisoning

A

20-50 mg/kg bw IM

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103
Q

Phomopsin toxicosis can cause severe clinical signs and rapid death

A

True

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104
Q

What is the dose of ethanol as an antidote of ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

20% ethanol, 5ml/kg bw

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105
Q

Oxalate crystals in poinsettia spp cause kidney damage

A

False - contains euphorbic acid. GIT, skin and eye affected. Oxalate = dumbcane, monstera, philodendron, flamingo, dieffenbachia, daffodil spp

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106
Q

Pralidoxime is effective only in the first 24h after organophosphates poisoning

A

True

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107
Q

Nitrophenol derivatives can cause hyperthermia

A

True

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108
Q

Intravenous LD50 value mg/kg of most toxins is higher than their intraperitoneal LD50 value mg/kg

A

False

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109
Q

In the case of ethylene glycol poisoning, which substance is formed from the original molecule due to the effect of alcohol dehydrogenase?

A

Glycoaldehyde

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110
Q

In case of proven phenobarbital toxicosis the administration of the substance must be discontinued immediately, and an alternative anticonvulsant agent should be introduced

A

False

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111
Q

What can be the pathology findings of the NSAIDs toxicosis

A

Interstitial nephritis
Gastric ulcers
No clotted blood
(All of them)

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112
Q

Pair the toxins to their antidotes

A 
Moxidectin = no antidote available
Copper = d penicillamine
Ethylene glycol = fomepizole
Cyanide = sodium thiosulphate
Nitrite = methylene blue
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113
Q

In rodenticides, poisonings, hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia are typical laboratory signs.

A

False = other way around hypercalcemia and hypokalemia

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114
Q

Which substances can cause vasodilation, anaphylactoid reaction and immunosuppression?

A

Iron

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115
Q

Phomopsin toxicosis can cause severe clinical signs and rapid death

A

True

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116
Q

Most effective substance to induce emesis in cats

A

Xylazine

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117
Q

The following antibiotic can be used in herbivore rodents without the high risk of destroying normal gut flora: cephalexin, clindamycin, enrofloxacin

A

False

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118
Q

Symptom of hemlock poisoning

A

Paralysis of respiratory muscle

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119
Q

Which antidote is effective against phenoxy-acetic acid toxicosis?

A 
Calcium disodium edta
Sodium thiosulfate
All of them
Deferoxamine
(None of them)
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120
Q

Rodenticide poisonings occur most frequently in summer and late winter

A

False

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121
Q

Rodenticide poisonings occur most frequently in spring and autumn

A

False

122
Q

Mercury derivatives always cause excitatory CNS symptoms independently of the species

A

False - CNS depression in cattle, swine, poultry. CNS damage in dog, cat, calf

123
Q

Lung parenchyma is mainly damaged in case of paraquat toxicosis

A

True

124
Q

The alfa latrotoxin is a thermo sensitive protein

A

True

125
Q

Pentobarbital is contraindicated for the treatment of convulsion caused by poisonings due to its side effects

A

False

126
Q

Diazepam can be used as symptomatic antidote against both tremorgenic mycotoxins and ergolides

A

True

127
Q

What is the cardiovascular effect of the toxin of the latrodectidae spiders?
It has no effect on the cardiovascular system

A

It causes hypertonia

128
Q

Detection of fungal spores at high concentrations in feedstuffs is sufficient for diagnosis of mycotoxicosis

A

False

129
Q

Main symptoms of deadly nightshade poisoning are salivation and mydriasis

A

False - mydriasis and blindness but not salivation

130
Q

This compound acts not only on Na+ channels but also on the GABA- mediated Cl Channels

A

Deltamethrin

131
Q

What is the main component in the venom of the vipers?

A

All of these
Hypothesized nephrotoxic compound
Neurotoxic compound
Cardiovascular compound

132
Q

Which cell type is damaged the most in case of chronic fluoride toxicosis?

A

Ameloblast

133
Q

Which dose of bromadiolone intake requires observation and repeated PTT check on the animal?

A

0.02 mg/kg bw

134
Q

Pair the feed poisoning with the most typical treatments

A 
Hypotonic IV infusion = table salt
Use of antioxidants and membrane protectives = monensin
Methylene blue 1% solution IV application = nitrite/nitrate
Use of liver protectives and IV glucose = xylitol
Acetic acid (5%) PO application = urea
135
Q

In ethylene glycol poisoning, typical blood biochemical parameters are hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, increased carbamide and creatinine levels

A

True

136
Q

In ethylene glycol poisoning, typical blood biochemical parameters are hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, and slightly negative base excess (BE) value

A

False - negative EB but hypocalcaemia

137
Q

Antidote for sweet clover poisoning

A

Vitamin K1

138
Q

How do the below lab parameters change in rodenticide poisoning?

A 
Clotting time = increase
PTT = increase
Red blood cell count = decrease
APTT = increase
Thrombocyte count = no change
139
Q

Brodifacoum is the inhibitor of vitamin K epoxide reductase

A

True

140
Q

What is the dose of vitamin K in dogs in case of brodifacoum poisonings (at least in the first two weeks)?

A

3-mg/kg bw

141
Q

Pair

A

It is not artificially mixed into the feed after harvest but may be used for preservation in food = nitrite/nitrate poisoning
Hypoglycaemia and hepatic degeneration occur at approximately the same frequency in this poisoning = xylitol poisoning
Of the domestic species, ruminants are significantly more sensitive = urea poisoning
Causes blood discolouration = nitrate/nitrite poisoning
With gradual habituation, susceptibility to poisoning decreases significantly = urea poisoning

142
Q

What is the dose of calcium-disodium-EDTA in case of lead poisoning?

A

20mg/kg BW

143
Q

Which symptom is not typical in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?

A 
Ataxia stupor
PU/PD
Oliguria/anuria
Hypocalcemia convulsions
(A:None of these are typical)
144
Q

In case of alkaloid poisonings urinary pH should be acidic to enhance elimination, which can be achieved e.g. with IV sodium bicarbonate

A

False- Vitamin C IV

145
Q

Which statement is true for NSAID’s?

A

Typically weak acids, therefore their elimination can be enhanced by IV administration of NaHCO3

146
Q

Fish are not sensitive for pyrethroid poisoning

A

False- highly toxic in fish and bees, cats are more sensitive

147
Q

This plant contains tropane alkaloids

A

Angle’s trumpet

148
Q

Nitrophenol derivatives can cause hyperthermia

A

True

149
Q

Copper toxicosis appears always in acute form in swine

A

False acute and chronic

150
Q

Which symptom is not characteristic to anticoagulant rodenticides poisoning

A

Glomeriulonephritis

151
Q

Nitrogen dioxide is a light brown gas lighter than air. It accumulated in the higher parts of buildings with higher ceilings

A

False- heavier than air

152
Q

Which pathological sign is characteristic to xylitol poisoning

A

Hypoglycemia, liver dystrophy

153
Q

In case of this substance, its metabolites (formed in the liver) can be more toxic than the original molecule

A

Diazinon

154
Q

In case of this substance, its metabolites (formed in the liver) can be more toxic than the original molecule

A

Paracetamol

155
Q

How can the systemic side effects of aminoglycoside administration be decreased?

A

(Both of them)
Given SID with IV fluid therapy
With oral administration

156
Q

The DLC molecules can be absorbed from the skin surface very well

A

True

157
Q

Artificial respiration using oxygen or carbogen gas (95% oxygen / 5% carbon dioxide) is useful for both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide poisoning

A

True

158
Q

Non macrocyclic trichothecenes, ergopeptines and ergoline alkaloids are more likely to be widespread in warmer climatic zones

A

False- more likely in temperate colder climates

159
Q

Which substance can be used in eye drops to induce vomiting in Cats?

A

(None of them)
Ropinirole
Apomorphine
Both of them

160
Q

What is the first thing to do in case of gila monster btire

A

Removal of the animal from the victim

161
Q

If activated charcoal is administered in 30 min from the time of poisoning, 90-100% of the toxin can be bonded with it

A

False- low binding

162
Q

The slight elevation of liver enzyme values during long term administration of phenobarbital is due to microsomal enzyme induction that would not mean hepatotoxicity on its own

A

True

163
Q

Which species are the most sensitive to copper toxicosis

A

Sheep

164
Q

In the case of paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis the vitamin C and cimetidine IV administration at the same time as antidotes are more effective than N-acetyl-cysteine as antioxidant

A

False

165
Q

This compound reactivated acetylcholine-esterase enzyme

A

Obidoxime

166
Q

In case of carbamide poisoning in cattle diluted acetic acid and warm water can be used together to decrease damage of ammonia

A

False

167
Q

Chemical accumulation occurs after organophosphate poisoning

A

False

168
Q

Which statement is true for toxicosis caused by bees and wasps

A

In human cases the anaphylactic reaction happens often

169
Q

DLC molecules can be absorbed from skin surface very well

A

True

170
Q

Cadmium acts as an iron antagonist in the mammalian organism

A

False- zinc antagonist

171
Q

Which metal substitute is necessary for piglets IM

A

Iron

172
Q

Heavy metals can be accumulated in e.g. bones, teeth, liver and hoof

A

True

173
Q

In ethylene glycol poisoning, reasons of kidney failure and the acidic metabolized and calcium in approximately same extent

A

True

174
Q

Pair the sentence

A

IV fluid therapy /N-acetyl-cysteine, PO S-adenosyl-methionine = Paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis
IV fluid therapy, silymarin, urine alkalization = beta 2 agonists
IV fluid therapy, urine acidification, activated charcoal, anticonvulsants = theobromine
IV alkalizing fluid therapy gastroprotection = NSAID poisoning

175
Q

Bromadiolone inhibits the activation of these blood coagulation factors

A

II, VII, IX, X

176
Q

In case of poisonings by anticoagulant rodenticides capillary walls are damages therefore spontaneous bleeding can occur

A

True

177
Q

KBr is not recommended to use in cats because

A

It can induce lung oedema

178
Q

Do not artificial respiration to treat hydrogen sulfide gas poisoning

A

True

179
Q

Physico-chemical accumulation is characteristic to this substance

A

Warfarin, Lead

180
Q

Both hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are produced in high concentration during the treatment of pig and poultry liquid manure

A

False- just hydrogen sulfide, not sulfur dioxide

181
Q

It is antidote for severe deadly nightshade poisoning

A

Physostigmine

182
Q

Lead ions can accumulate in bones

A

True

183
Q

Which bipryridyl herbicide can cause mainly diarrhea

A

Diquat

184
Q

Which cell type is damaged the most in case of chronic fluoride toxicosis

A

Odontoblast

185
Q

Which symptom is not characteristic to acute kidney failure in ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Polyuria/polydipsia

186
Q

The beta neurotoxin has presynaptic effect

A

True

187
Q

Match the sentences with the name of the appropriate gas

A

Light brown gas, heavier than air = NO2
It stains the blood dark blue = CO2
It does not cause discoloration of the blood = Cl2
Birds and newborn animals are less sensitive = CO2
It stains the blood cherry red = CO

188
Q

The cardiotoxic compounds in the snake venom can cause hemolysis, besides other effects

A

True

189
Q

Which herbicide can cause alveolar fibrosis

A

Paraquat

190
Q

Mercury derivative always cause excitatory CNS symptoms independently of the species

A

False

191
Q

Yellow staining of the skin and mucous membrane is the symptom of phenoxy acetic acid toxicosis

A

False- it is associated with nitrophenol and chlorophenol toxicosis

192
Q

Which bipyridyl compound can cause watery diarrhoea dermatitis, corneal, damage upon direct contact?

A

Diquat

193
Q

Myoclonus, myotonia is a symptom of phenoxyacetic acid toxicosis

A

True

194
Q

It is useful in case of pyrethroid poisoning

A

Intralipid 20%

195
Q

Pair the terms/statements to the compounds

A

Metaldehyde = hyperthermia
Organophosphates = SLUDGE symptoms
Amitraz = chihuahua is more sensitive than other dog breeds
Pyrethroids = knock out effect in insects
Macrocyclic lactones = activation of GABA mediated chloride channels

196
Q

DDDT and mercury and accumulated in food chain

A

True

197
Q

What is the specific component of bees venoms

A

Melittin

198
Q

Using emetic is contraindicated if the poisoning is caused by irritative substances (e.g. acids, bases)

A

True

199
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin is a stable complex of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin, formed by an irreversible chemical bond

A

False - nitrogen monoxide not carbon monoxide

200
Q

Dimercaprol and succimer can be applied in case of the following metal toxicosis

A

Arsenic

201
Q

he polychlorinated biphenyl compounds are acting on the ACh (acetylcholine) receptors

A

False- they act on the AhR receptor

202
Q

Bleedings and hematomas due to anticoagulant rodenticide poisonings usually develop in 48 after intake

A

False - 3-6 days ??

203
Q

Dermal bioavialability if DDT is outstanding

A

True

204
Q

In which case can we use emetics

A 
After consuming strong bases
In case of convulsions
After consuming strong acids
In case of unconsciousness
(None of them)
205
Q

which substance can be used for binding ethylene glycol in the gastrointestinal tract

A 
Activated charcoal
Kaolin
Bismuth subgallate
Montmorillonite
(None of them)
206
Q

Pair these

A

In males it can cause the enlargement of the mammary gland and decreased libido = F-2 toxin
B1-epoxid is a bioactivated form responsible for toxic and genotoxic effects = Aflatoxin
It has no carcinogenic potential = fumonisin
Activates 17beta estradiol receptors = F-2 toxin
It can be produced by aspergillus, penicillium and fusarium spp. as well = ochratoxin A, C, B and also citrinin (ochratoxin A is most pathogenic)

207
Q

If an animal has severe liver dystrophy caused by a poisoning, ringer’s lactate is recommended as the first choice intravenous infusion

A

False- lactate broken down in the liver i.e. lactate accumulation

208
Q

Which of these is NOT typical to the pharmacokinetics of anticoagulant rodenticides?
They have high albumin binding

A

They are not accumulated

209
Q

In ethylene glycol poisonings, typical pathological signs include severe liver dystrophy and acute glomerulonephritis

A

False- oedema, acute tubular nephritis, uraemia

210
Q

Which of these can cause colliquative necrosis

A

Acetic acid

211
Q

Cycad palm poisoning has bad prognosis

A

True

212
Q

Which mechanism of action is true for NSAID’s

A

Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

213
Q

Deferoxamine should only be used orally

A

False- IM 40mg/kg, IV infusion 15mg/kg/hr

214
Q

In ethylene glycol poisoning, typical pathological signs include edemas throughout the body and acute tubular nephritis

A

True

215
Q

This antidote is usually orally applied

A

D-penicillamine

216
Q

What is NOT a characteristic symptom for theobromine toxicosis

A

Jaundice

217
Q

Arsenic toxicosis can be treated with dimercaprol

A

True

218
Q

What is the main effect of the bufadienolides

A

They have similar effect as the Digitalis glycosides

219
Q

For which animal species is it true that at the application site of the toxin urticarial wheal forms, that transforms into vesicles, this transforms into pustules within 24 hours, later it usually ruptures and forms a crust.

A

Solenopsis ant species

220
Q

Symptom of hemlock poisoning

A

Paralysis of respiratory muscle

221
Q

Diazepam can be used as symptomatic antidote against both tremorgenic mycotoxins and ergolides

A

True

222
Q

Match the median lethal concentration with the name of the gas

A

10% = CO2

  1. 13% = CO
  2. 1% = Cl2
  3. 08% = H2S
  4. 02% = NO2
223
Q

In case of brodifacoum poisoning, dose of vitamin K is 1-5 mg/kg(bw) orally, for at least 4 weeks

A

True

224
Q

Which one is NOT the pathologic sign of the acute fluoride toxicosis?

A

Plethoric spleen

225
Q

The effects of dithiocarbamate include

A 
Fertility problems
None of them
Local irritation
Inhibition of iodine incorporation
(All of them)
226
Q

How can the systemic side effects of aminoglycoside administration be decreased?

A

Given SID with IV fluid therapy
With oral administration
(Both of them)

227
Q

This substance can cause fulminant poisoning in case of sudden weight loss due to accumulation in adipose tissues

A

DDT

228
Q

Which compound can be detected using the Tompsett test?

A

Paraquat

229
Q

Pair the poisonous compounds to the plants

A 
Thorn apple = scopolamine
Potato = solanine
Hemlock = coniine
Wolf's spurge = euphorbia acid
Yew = taxin
230
Q

Chihuaha is more sensitive to pyrethroids than any other dog breeds

A

False- Fish and bees are highly toxic, cats more sensitive

231
Q

Which can be the pathology finding of the NSAID’s toxicosis

A

Interstitial nephritis
Gastric ulcers
No clotted blood
(All of them)

232
Q

Poisonings by anticoagulant rodenticides are one of the most common intentional toxicoses

A

True

233
Q

The paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis causes methemoglobinemia in dogs, this will serve the background of the symptoms

A

False- methaemaglobin in cats, hepatic necrosis in dogs

234
Q

Bromadiolone is the inhibitor of vitamin K hydrolase epoxid enzyme

A

False- vitamin K epoxide reductase (not hydrolase)

235
Q

Bromadiolone is inhibitor of vitamin K hydrolase epoxid enzyme

A

False-Vitamin K epoxide reductase (not hydrolase)

236
Q

Gastro-salivary recirculation is characteristic to theobromine

A

False - gastro salivary recirculation is for mercury. Entero-hepatic recirculation is for theobromine

237
Q

The poisoning could lead to hyperthermia

A

Organophosphate poisoning
Metaldehyde poisoning
(Both of them)

238
Q

In case of proven phenobarbital toxicosis the administration of the substance must be discontinued immediately, and an alternative anticonvulsant agent should be introduced.

A

False

239
Q

Anaemia can be a consequence of lead toxicosis due to reduction in heme synthesis.

A

True

240
Q

Match the mycotoxins with appropriate chemical categories

A 
Indolizidine alkaloid = slaframine
Ergoline alkaloid = lysergic acid
Macrocyclic trichothecene = roridin
Long chain fatty acids = fumonisins
Trichothecene = diacetoxyscirpenol
241
Q

Which statement is true for the toxicosis, caused by bees and wasps?

A

In case of horses, excitement and frenzy can show up as systemic symptom

242
Q

In the case of paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis the Vitamin C and cimetidine IV administration at the same time as antidotes are more effective than the N-acetylcysteine as antioxidant

A

False

243
Q

Balancing hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia during poisoning by cardiac glycosides is a must, otherwise these will increase the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest due to the cardiac glycosides’ negative chronotropic effect

A

True

244
Q

What are the leading symptoms of paracetamol/acetaminophen toxicosis in cats?

A

Chocolate brown blood

245
Q

Which herbicide can cause inhibition of ATP synthesis and increase the body temperature?

A

Nitrophenols

246
Q

Which substance can be used to alleviate convulsions in acute poisonings?

A

Pentobarbital, Midazolam, Diazepam, Propofol

247
Q

Pair the dosage to the antidotes/active substances

A

N-acetylcysteine = 140 mg/kg bw in the beginning, then 70 mg/kgbw
Fitomenadion = 0.5-1 mg/ttkg for farm animals
Activated charcoal = 2-5 mg/kg bw
Atropine = 0.2-0.5 mg/kg bw
Diazepam = 1-5 mg/kg bw

248
Q

The polychlorinated biphenyl compounds break down in the nature fast

A

False

249
Q

Symptoms of chronic ergot poisoning are necrosis and pushing away of tails and combs

A

True

250
Q

First application of an antivenin has high risk of an anaphylactic reaction to happen

A

False- this occurs from second application

251
Q

Poison against snails and slugs

A

Metalaldehyde

252
Q

Both hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are produced in high concentrations during the treatment of pig and poultry liquid manure

A

False- just hydrogen sulfide

253
Q

Alkyl mercury derivatives are more toxic compounds to inorganic mercury compounds

A

True

254
Q

Atropine is an antidote in case of organophosphate poisoning, and it acts mainly on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

A

False - is an antidote but does not work on the nicotinic ACh receptors, pralidoxime is used IM

255
Q

The active compounds in the snake venom, that influence the coagulation of blood, can…

A

Both can be true depending on the snake species

256
Q

Symptoms of cycad poisoning

A

Coagulopathy
Emesis
Increase of liver enzymes
(All of them)

257
Q

The most poisonous part of the yew are the seeds and seed-coats

A

False- entire plant, red seed coat is not poisonous

258
Q

Ethylene glycol poisoning is more frequent in dogs than cats

A

False

259
Q

Based on the toxicity, rodents (e.g. mouse, rat) are less sensitive to the mycotoxins than the domesticated species.

A

True

260
Q

Pair

A 
Doramectin = its toxicodynamic target is a receptor 
Paraquat = its toxicodynamic target is the cell membrane 
Scopolamine = its toxicodynamic target is  a receptor
Coumaphos = its toxicodynamic target is an enzyme
Warfarin = its toxicodynamic target is an enzyme
261
Q

This bronchodilator can be given intravenously in poisonings with severe bronchoconstriction

A

Aminophylline

262
Q

Pair

A 
Paraquat = Bipyridyl
Glycophosphate = Organophosphate
Zineb = Dithiocarbamate 
Dinoseb = Nitrophenol
Diquat = Bipyridyl
263
Q

In case of a carbamide poisoning in cattle, diluted acetic acid and warm water can be used together to decrease the damage of ammonia

A

False

264
Q

Intravenous application of intralipid 20% can be effective in pyrethroid poisoning

A

True

265
Q

Which plant species can accumulate the cadmium the most?

A

Clover spp

266
Q

The main active ingredient of the solenopsis species is an alkaloid?

A

True

267
Q

Muscle relaxation is the leading sign of lead toxicosis?

A

False= CNS signs (neurotoxic)

268
Q

Nitrogen dioxide is often released during long term storage of feeds with high nitrate
concentration and causes poisoning?

A

True

269
Q

The cardiotoxic compounds in snake venom can cause hemolysis besides of other effects

A

True

270
Q

Dimercaprol and succimer can be applied in case of what metal toxicosis

A

Arsenic

271
Q

The effects of dithiocarbonate include ?

A

Local irritation , inhibition of iodine incorporation , fertility problems

272
Q

Which of these are not typical to the pharmacokinetics of anticoagulant rodenticides ?

A

They are not accumulated

273
Q

This plant contains poisonous compounds which cause arrhthmia

A

Monkshood

274
Q

It possesses venom

A

Ranaidae spp, Elaphide spp, Asclepeias spp

275
Q

The IV fluid therapy of the paracetamol toxicosis can be combined with 2.5% glucose solution and vitamin B1

A

true

276
Q

What is the dose of vitamin K in dogs in case of brodifacoum poisoning ?

A

3-4mg/kg (bw)

277
Q

Chemical accumulation occurs after organophosphate poisoning

A

False

278
Q

Nitrophenyl derivatives can cause hyperthermia

A

True

279
Q

Match correctly

A

IV fluid therapy/N acetylcysteine, PO S-adenosyl-methionine = Paracetamol
Propranolol = Beta2 agonists
IV alkalizing fluid therapy, gastroprotection = NSAIDS
IV fluid therapy, silymarin, urine alkalization = Phenobarbital
IV fluid therapy, urine acidification, activated charcoal , anticonvulsants = Theobromine

280
Q

Which is the characteristic of mycotoxins

A

Its oral absorption is poor = fumonisin
It does not cause primary liver damage = F-2
Structurally similar to sphingoid bases = fumonisin
Ruminants are as sensitive as pigs = aflatoxin
It has the lowest LD50 value in dogs = ochratoxin

281
Q

Toxins to their description

A 
Ivermectin = its toxicodynamic target is a receptor 
Nitrophenol = its toxicodynamic target is the electron transport 
Atropine = its toxicodynamic target is  a receptor
Diazinon = its toxicodynamic target is an enzyme
Bromadiolone = its toxicodynamic target is an enzyme
282
Q

Match mycotoxins to the mechanism of toxic effect

A

Stimulation of alpha 1, 5HTC and D2 receptors = ergotamine
Inhibition of the sphinganine acetyltransferase = fumonisin
Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( PEPCK) = Ochratoxin
Stimulation of 17 beta oestradiol receptors = Zearolone
Inhibition of glycine and GAB transmission = Penitrem

283
Q

Pair the drinking water or feed poisoning with typical toxic levels ?

A 
5mg/kg bw = monensin (eq)
1500 mg/kg bw = urea (cattle)
4000 mg/kg bw = table salt (swine)
2000 mg/litre = nitrate (adult animals)
100 mg/kg bw = xylitol (dog)
284
Q

Acute inflammation of oropharynx is typical in case of this poisoning?

A

Monstera, dieffenbachia

285
Q

Non-macrocyclic trichothecenes, ergo peptides and ergoline alkaloids are more likely to be widespread in warmer climatic zones ?

A

False- temperate and colder climates

286
Q

Dioxins are capable of bioaccumulation

A

True

287
Q

Poison against snails and slugs

A

Metaldehyde

288
Q

Physicochemical accumulation is characteristic to?

A

Bromadiolone

289
Q

Myoclonus, myotonia is a symptom of phenoxyacetic acid toxicosis

A

True

290
Q

Tested for using tompsett test

A

Paraquat or diquat

291
Q

In ethylene glycol poisoning , typical blood parameters are hypocalcaemia, hyperkalemia and high negative base excess

A

True

292
Q

Which is a patho sign typical of xylitol poisoning ?

A

Hypoglyceamia, liver dystrophy

293
Q

The characteristic patho changes in case of paracetamol toxicosis are severe liver dystrophy and acute glomerulonephritis

A

False

294
Q

What metal ion can be found in zineb

A

Zinc

295
Q

TD50 value of toxin is usually a higher dose compared to ED50

A

True

296
Q

Poisonings by anticoagulant rodenticides are one of the most common intentional toxic?

A

True

297
Q

This metal causes haemolytic anemia, haemoglobinuria

A

Copper

298
Q

Differences between the venom and zootoxin

A

When animal has poison app for delivering toxin, it is called venom

299
Q

Which of these can cause colliquative becrosis

A

Acetic acid

300
Q

It is useful in case of pyrethroid poisoning

A

Intralipid 20%

301
Q

Which one of these is true for absorption of cadmium from GIT

A

Low Zn and Fe conc in feedstuff facilitate it

302
Q

This substance can cause fulminant poisoning and sudden weight loss due to accumulation in fat tissue?

A

DDT

Toxicology (1 decks)

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