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opthalmology > PPQ > Flashcards

PPQ Flashcards

1
Q

Aphacic crescent is visible

A

In case of lens subluxation

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2
Q

what is the function of tapetum

A

reflection of light into receptors

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3
Q

in case of synechia posterior

A

there’s an adhesion between iris and anterior lens capsule

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4
Q

to give subconjuctival injection in an alert horse

A

Topical anaesthesia should be used

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5
Q

what is a sub palpebral lavage kit used for?

A

to provide long term frequent topical treatment

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6
Q

most significant way of aqueous humor draining

A

Conventional in horses non-conventional (uveoscleral) way that’s why they are less prone to glaucoma

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7
Q

which statement is true regarding atropine

A

Effectivity gives information about the severity of uveitis (the longer the dilation of pupils happens the less
serious is the uveitis) (also fun fact browneyes more sensitive to atropine than blue eyes so they stay dilated
longer)

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8
Q

the indirect pupil light reflex is present in the right eye(OD), this means?

A

the retina is functional in OS

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9
Q

which treatment can be successful in long term management of equine recurrent uveitis in a sighted eye

A

Pars plana vitrectomy
Sub scleral cyclosporine-A implantation
Low dose gentamycin intravitreal injection

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10
Q

what king of mydriatics would you use to dilate the pupils at the opthalmic examination

A

0.5-4% tropicamide, wait for 20 minutes, lasts 4-6 hours

Atropine also

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11
Q

which is not an acute sign of uveitis

A

Mydriasis (see miosis)

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12
Q

what is distant opthalmoscopy

A

examination of the inner eye from an arms distance

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13
Q

the rose bengal die stains

A

Necrotic and degenerated conjuctival and corneal epithelium

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14
Q

which test is not for the evaluation of the vision

A

PLR is not!

menance reflex/dazzle reflex + cotton test + obstacle are

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15
Q

what is the feature of feline retina

A

Cat has a rounded optical nerve disc/head. The vessels from the periphery of the retina.
The retinal vessels are originating from the periphery of the optic nerve head

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16
Q

what is not requirement of the examination of the ocular fundus in small animals

A

Examiner in sitting position.

REQUIRED! Darkened examination room, slit lamp biomicroscope, tropicamide induced mydriasis.

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17
Q

which test can be used to evaluate the quality of PFT

A

the fluorescein staining test

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18
Q

Which answer is not true

A

Production of the aqueous is depends on the thermoconvection!
1) hydrostatic pressure; 2) the oncotic pressure gradient across the ciliary epithelium.

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19
Q

Which statement is true regarding atropine

A

effectivity gives information about the severity of uveitis

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20
Q

what kind of mydriatics would you use to dilate the pupil at the opthalmic exam

A

1% tropicamide

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21
Q

Which answer is correct? the shape of a mid wide pupil is

A

Horizontal eliptic in horses and cattle (herbivores)

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22
Q

which nerve block is used most commonly at ocular exam in horse

A

frontal nerve

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23
Q

which statement is false regarding the slit lamp biomicroscopy

A

width of the anterior chamber cannot be etimated

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24
Q

to give subconjuctival injection in an alert horse

A

topical anaesthesia should be given

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25
Q

characteristic of posterior chamber

A

bounded by the posterior part of iris and the anterior lens capsule

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26
Q

what kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat an indolent chronic superficial corneal ulcer in a horse

A

superficial keratotomy or keratotomy

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27
Q

bupthalmus can be a feature of

A

glaucoma (stretching of sclera)

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28
Q

a supraorbital nerve block is recommended for a horse, when

A

in both cases, so for lacerated wound of the superior eyelid and when placing a subpalpebral drain

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29
Q

using direct opthalmoscope

A

a virtual magnified image of the fundus can not be obtained through pupil of small size

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30
Q

what kind of suture can be used to treat a deep stromal corneal abscess in a horse

A

penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty

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31
Q

if a descemetocele is stained by fluorescein

A

stroma has a stain uptake, but not the descement membrane

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32
Q

the purpose of the auriculopalpebral nerve block

A

to relax the orbicularis oculi muscle

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33
Q

administration of corticosteroids is contraindicated when

A

the cornea has fluoresceine stain uptake

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34
Q

the chorioretinal scarring in ERU is a possible consequence of

A

A previous damage of the photoreceptors and retina pigment epithelium RPH

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35
Q

it is characteristic of the fundus that

A

the light reflective layer is missing in swine

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36
Q

which statement is true? about SPL

A

frequent topical treatment can be performed with a subpalpebral drain

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37
Q

retinal detachment can be diagnosed with

A

with opthalmoscope or US examination

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38
Q

ectropion can NOT be

A

intermittent

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39
Q

what is not topical

A

Subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intravitreal, injection

IS: dropping, ointment, subpalpebral and nasolacrimal methods

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40
Q

fluorescent dye

A

orange hydrophillic liquid, stains exposed stroma green

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41
Q

what is NOT true for the third eyelid

A

muscular in dog (its muscular in large animals)

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42
Q

what NOT microsurgery

A

Oral surgery

YES: paediatrics, neuro, heart, eye. Lacrimal, puncta, corneal, conjunctival, intraocular (lens, iris)

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43
Q

when to culture/ take bacterial sample

A

before topic anaesthesia

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44
Q

PRA

A

Progressive retinal atrophy. Retina is atrophies, so less light is absorbed. The rods undergo dysplasia/ dies.
Loss of night vision and vision
Pigmented change in tapetum fundus with attenuation of vasculature and atrophy of optic disc. Middle aged
Labrador. (Retina atrophies, absorbs less light, more light reflected. Atrophied vessels
also

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45
Q

equipment’s of microsurgery

A

Instruments, surgeon sitting, magnification, illumination

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46
Q

preparation and isolation for general eye surgery

A

Trimming or shaving, betadine soap, disinfection of fornixes and lid margin betadine 1:10, disinfection of
eyelids and periocular area, isolation of textiles, intraoperative monitoring

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47
Q

General interventions in eye surgery

A

third eyelid flap. Tarsorrhaphy, approach of the third eyelid, lateral canthotomy, placing stay sutures into the eye globe

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48
Q

what does parasympatholytics do

A

Block m sphincter papilla + ciliary muscle> mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine, tropicamide, homatropine, cyclopentolate

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49
Q

what is mydriasis

A

Dilation of pupil- sympathetic innervation: M dilator pupillae, gl.
Lacrimalis (sympathomimetics, parasympatholytic)

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50
Q

what is miosis

A

Constriction of pupil
Parasympathetic innervation: M sphincter pupillae, M.ciliaris,gl. Lacrimalis (sympatholytics,
parasympathomimetics)

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51
Q

what is not a general intervention in eye surgery

A

medial canthotomy- lateral canthotomy is correct, medial is not

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52
Q

what is John’s test

A

fluorescent stain appear at nares after 1-10 minutes

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53
Q

components of uvea

A

iris, corpus cilliary, choroid

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54
Q

purkinje images

A

presence of the lens, opacity lens

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55
Q

connection of retina

A

2 sites behind the ciliary body (pars plana) and near the optic nerve head

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56
Q

what does ciliary body do

A

Structure in the eye that releases aqueous humour within the eye. Also contain ciliary muscle, which changes
the shape of the lens when your eyes focus (accommodation)

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57
Q

what nerve blocks for subpalpebral drainage

A

supraorbital and frontal nerve block

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58
Q

why subpalpebral drainage

A

continuous eye drops in horse, tarsorrhaphy

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59
Q

how long can drain stay

A

3-4 weeks

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60
Q

nasolacrimal drainage

A

only when you cant use subpalpebral

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61
Q

3rd eyelid flap

A

protection and healing. only small animals. stay for 2 weeks

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62
Q

what is tarsorrhaphy

A

suturing eyelids together

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63
Q

what is lateral canthotomy

A

Cutting the lateral canthus (decompression technique in case of IOP)
NEVER MEDIAL CANTHOTOMY
Proptosis (protrusion of the globe with respect to the orbit), ocular trauma, IOP
Contradiction: Globe rupture

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64
Q

stay suture of the globe

A

into sclera, not penetrating, support for surgery, 3 and 9 o’clock

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65
Q

neuromuscular blocks used

A

Atracurium/ pancuronium 0.2mg/kg, paralyze breathing 30 min

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66
Q

human opthalmology sutures

A

10/0 and 11/0 non-abs. atraumatic nylon

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67
Q

veterinary opthalmology sutures

A

6-8/0 monofil/polyfil abs, atraumatic

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68
Q

Cannula for injection of air

A

27G

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69
Q

cannula for inj of fluid

A

30G

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70
Q

extraocular tampon

A

cotton

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71
Q

intraocular tampon

A

Cellulose

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72
Q

Visoelastic material

A

Methylcellulose injected into anterior chamber to replace aq. humor

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73
Q

what is the fundus

A

Visible background of the eye seen through the dilated pupil (The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of
the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole)

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74
Q

when should you not dilate the pupil

A

glaucoma and lens luxation

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75
Q

direct opthalmoscope

A

lens+light (slit lamp)

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76
Q

dipter for fundus

A

-1 to -3 (vitreous body 5, lens 8-12)

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77
Q

dorsal half of the fundus

A

tapetal fundus

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78
Q

who have tapetum fibrosum

A

herbivores

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79
Q

who has tapetum cellulosum

A

carnivores

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80
Q

who has stars of winslow in the fundus

A

horse

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81
Q

what is seen in PRA

A

Very reflective tapetum, atrophy of vessels, paleoptic nerve head

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82
Q

what is collie eye anomaly (CEA)/retinal dysplasia (RD)

A

scleral ectasia=sclera protrudes into the eye around the area of the optic nerve head

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83
Q

how is CEA seen on opthalmoscope

A

Folds seen as epsilon like stripes

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84
Q

which part of fundus is pigmented

A

none-tapetal fundus

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85
Q

reasons for retinal haemorrhage

A

cat with hypertension, ethylene glycol toxicosis, ehrlichiosis

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86
Q

retinal detachement

A

seperation of inner layer of retina from choroid- holes inretina

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87
Q

iris tumours

A

melanoma

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88
Q

solution

A

pH 3.5-10, sterile, pH and T stable

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89
Q

suspensions

A

Drug in small particles- tear dissolve it, longer contact time

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90
Q

ointment

A

pH + T not important, disadvantage: inhibit corneal wound healing
cannot be used intraocularly

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91
Q

absorption after topical administration

A

most washed out, conjuctival capillaries absorbed, or penetrate cornea. lipid soluble best (transcellular) (water solution- intracellular absorption)

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92
Q

subconjuctival injection

A

mostly corticosteroid, max 1ml in dorsal palpebra

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93
Q

retrobulbar injection

A

lower lateral quadrant into retrobulbar space, anaesthetic for eye removal in cow, AB in small animals

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94
Q

intravitreal injection

A

at lat canthus, 2-3 mm from limbus, gentamycin inj in glaucoma

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95
Q

systemic inj

A

only if inflamed! AB, hyperosmotic most common

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96
Q

what do you immediately do with a horse with pink eyes

A

fluorescein test

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97
Q

tear test

A

done without anaesthesia

98
Q

what do you do with a melting ulcer

A

pedicle conjuctival graft transposition, free island conjuctival graft transposition, cornea translpantation, tissue glue

99
Q

descemetocele

A

requires surgical intervention

100
Q

what is ankyloblerpharon

A

union, more or less extensive, of the edges of the eyelids

101
Q

how to treat blepharospasm in horse

A

auriculopalpebral block

102
Q

indication for virectomy in horse

A

recurrent uveitis

103
Q

atropine uses

A

dilate pupil. diagnose severity of uveitis in horse (and treatment of equine recurrent uveitis), analgesia of ciliary body (cycloplegic), pre and post op mydriatic

104
Q

when is glucocorticoid treatment contraindicated

A

if flourescein stains the cornea (=cornea ulcer)

105
Q

what is blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

106
Q

glands of the eyelids

A

zeiss, moll and tarsal gl.

107
Q

what is chemosis

A

edematous swelling of conjuctiva

108
Q

borders of anterior eye chamber

A

iris, pupil and cornea

109
Q

which animals have cilia on the lower eyelid

A

dog

110
Q

animals with absence of lower cilia

A

cat horse cow

111
Q

multiple layers of upper lid

A

Dogs

112
Q

most important outflow (drain) of aqueous in

A

horse- uveoscleral route

113
Q

ectropion

A

outward turning of eyelids (with imperfect elevation of eyelid)

114
Q

CS of uveitis

A

miosis, blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora (overflow of tears on face)

115
Q

extirpation

A

removal of globe and orbital stuff enucleation. removal of globe only

116
Q

trichiasis

A

cilia arising from normal located follicles but are pointed in abnormal position

117
Q

districhasis

A

additional cilia arising from abnormally located follicle on or near tarsal gland

118
Q

what is done to diagnose descemetocele

A

Fluorescein? Slit lamp exam to see depth? Fluorescein won’t stain the descemet
membrane

119
Q

acute glaucoma: describe changes

A

Pain, conjunctival hyperemia, episcleral congestion, corneal edema, fixates wide pupil (no reaction to light),
IOP > 25mm, dislocation of lens, shallow anterior chamber, vision disturbances

120
Q

chronic glaucoma

A

Vision disturbance, episcleral congestion, corneal edema, vascularization, pigmentation, descemet’s streaks,
fixated wide pupil, no reaction to light, iris and optic disc atrophy, iop incr or normal,
buphthalmos(enlargement of eyeball)

121
Q

prolapsed eye of cat best treatment

A

Best doesn’t say. Very few keep vision, so I would say evisceration or enucleation but which of these?

122
Q

what to not do in melting ulcer

A

superficial keratectomy

123
Q

indication for pars plana vitrectomy eq

A

recurrent uveitis

124
Q

what is the job of the uvea

A

prevent leakage of proteins to the eye. valscular part of bulbus

125
Q

job of iris

A

regulate amount of light

126
Q

job of corpus ciliaris

A

produce aqueous humor and accomadation

127
Q

what is corpora nigra

A

aid in control of light entering through constricted pupil, only herbivores

128
Q

how many layers in choroidea

A

4

129
Q

which spp does choroidea supply entireretina

A

horse

130
Q

where is tapetum lucidium

A

between retina and choroid, pig has none

131
Q

most common tumour in uvea

A

melanoma in the iris dogs and cats. also malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of mammary gland.

132
Q

what is corectopia

A

abnormal location of pupil

133
Q

anterior uveitis

A

iritis, cyclitis

134
Q

posterior uveitis

A

chloroiditis

135
Q

most common reason for uveitis in small animals

A

idiopathic and autoimmune

136
Q

signs of acute uveitis

A

decreased IOP, miosis, cornea edema

137
Q

anterior synechiae

A

iris adhere to cornea

138
Q

posterior synechiae

A

iris adhere to lens

139
Q

IOP in chronic uveitis

A

up or down (eye atrophy)

140
Q

horse corneal ulcer pathogen

A

strep., staph., pseudomonas aerog., fungi: aspergillus, fusarium

141
Q

CS melting ulcer

A

pain and uveitis, corneal edema, hypopyon

142
Q

surgery for eq corneal ulcer

A

grid keratotomy, debridement keratotomy, pedicle conj. Flap

143
Q

corneal stromal abscess with fluorescein

A

negative

144
Q

surgery for stromal abscess

A

cornea transplant- keratoplasty

145
Q

long term consequence of eq uveitis

A

cataract, lens luxation, blindness

146
Q

cause of eq uveitis

A

leptospira 80%, riboflavin def., hereditary, autoimmune

147
Q

consequence of eq uveitis

A

proteins and fibrocytes in aqueous humor and virteous body

148
Q

CS of acute eq uveitis

A

enophthalmos, epiphora, ciliary injection into cornea, hypopyon, opacity

149
Q

CS of eq chronic uveitis

A

Permanent corneal opacity, cataract, sec. glaucoma, choroiditis, bulb atrophy

150
Q

surgery for eq uveitis

A

Pars plana vitrectomy in the comfortable period

151
Q

therapy for eq uveitis

A

local corticosteroids, atropine, cyclosporine, systemic NSAID

152
Q

Glaucoma

A

Pathological condition with increased IOP

153
Q

how does aqueous drain

A

Schlemm’s canal in iridocorneal angle and uveoscleral route

154
Q

Physiological IOP

A

15-25 Hgmm

155
Q

what is gonioscopy

A

Special lense and optical instrument to examine anterior chamber and determine ocular motility and rotation

156
Q

consequence of increased IOP

A

Destroy all ocular structures

157
Q

what is goniodysgenesis

A

development of the iridocorneal angle- familial in C. spaniel, basset hound

158
Q

hereditary open angle glaucoma

A

beagle and poodle, secondary: obstructive angle- uveitis

159
Q

secondary closed glaucoma

A

pupillary block or without puppilary block

160
Q

CS acute glaucoma

A

IOP >25 mmHg, opacity, mydriasis, no PLR

161
Q

CS of chronic glaucoma

A

IOP may be normal, vascularization, pigmentation, descemet’s streaks – stripes in cornea, iris and optic disc
atrophies, buphthalmos, blindness

162
Q

Therapy of glaucoma

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, B-blocker, miotics, hyperosmotics, PG?

163
Q

intraocular surgery of glaucoma

A

Cyclodialysis, intracapsular lens extraction

164
Q

What does cyclodestructive surgery mean

A

Decrease aqueous production

165
Q

How to do cyclophotocoagulation

A

Transscleral laser- destroy ciliary production

166
Q

what is TSCP

A

transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation at 35 sites 3 mm behind limbus

167
Q

what is intraocular surgery

A

improve drainage

168
Q

regeneration of anterior epithelium of lens

A

limited

169
Q

function of anterior epithelium

A

transport of glucose from aqueous, produce lens cells

170
Q

what is hordeolum

A

inflammation of sebacceous gl of eyelids. microabscesses- staph, aureus

171
Q

what is hordeolum externum

A

purulent infl of lash follicle and zeis gl

172
Q

what is hordeolum internum

A

purulent inflam of lash follicle and meibomoan (tarsal) gland

173
Q

what is chalazion

A

cyst of taral gl

174
Q

what breed is ectopion normal

A

basset hound, bloodhound

175
Q

acquired ectropion

A

trauma, cicatrix, fibrosis and contraction or periocular surgery

176
Q

what is intermittent ectropion

A

ectropion only at night, normal in the morning, large hunting dogs. surgery is CONTRAINDICATTED

177
Q

Surgery of ectropion

A

removal of triangle in lat part of eyelid, modified kuhnt-szymanowski

178
Q

what to evaluate in traumatic eyelid injury

A

condition of globe and lacrimal puncta

179
Q

site of immine mediated disease

A

pemphigus? mucocutaneous junction

180
Q

is eyeball ever affected

A

no just lid

181
Q

what is important when applying clotrimazole (fungicide) and amitraz(antiparasitic)

A

no corneal drug contact

182
Q

lab test for blepharitis

A

cotton swab skin scrapping, biopsy

183
Q

most common eyelid tumours

A

Adenoma/sarcoma/melanoma/papilloma.

Horse: sarcoid

184
Q

How much of the eyelid can be remived

A

1/4th with V shaped incision

185
Q

what is conjuctiva

A

well vascularized mucous membrane

186
Q

which glands produce ptf

A

Lacrimal gl, gl of 3rd eyelid, tarsal gl, goblet cells in conjunctiva

187
Q

layers of conjuctiva

A

PFT, epithelium, substantia propria- imm processes

188
Q

ciliary vessels (uveitis)

A

dark red, vessels at limbus, adrenaline has no effect

189
Q

conjuctival vessels

A

bright red, vessels in fornix, adrenaline has good effect

190
Q

what is conjuctival dermoid

A

skin tissue in conjuctiva, inherited in herefords

191
Q

why conjuctival cyst

A

obstruction of duct of conj.gl., ectopic glandular tissue

192
Q

what is symblepharon

A

adhesion of conjuctiva on itself or on cornea

193
Q

why symblepharon

A

Young cats with viral conjunctivitis – FEHV (herpes)

194
Q

AB for conjuctivits

A

neomycin and gentamycin

195
Q

conjuctival tumours in cattle

A

squamous cell carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma

196
Q

conjuctival tumour in dog

A

Papilloma virus, sq. cell carcinoma

197
Q

what determines pos of 3rd eyelid

A

sympathetic tone

198
Q

what is the T-shaped cartilage

A

Cartilaginous skeleton at base of 3rd eyelid gland

199
Q

what does the 3rd eyelid do

A

Prod 30-50% of PTF, and in dog: 1/3 of tear production (do not excise gland of nictitans –
big failure)

200
Q

what is harder’s gland, and who have it

A

deep portion of 3rd eyelid gland in pigs and rodents

201
Q

tear production

A

gland of 3rd eyelid, tear gl. and accessory tear gland

202
Q

what is cherry eye syndrome

A

protrusion of 3rd eyelid gland, mostly dogs, bulldogs

203
Q

treatment of cherry eye

A

surgery, replace gland- morgan’s technique, dont cut off

204
Q

Protrusion of T shaped cartilage

A

Horse + dog, developmental problem, rare in LA, no sec. inflammations, no discharge/hyperemia

205
Q

what is consequence of myositis

A

Eosinophilia, 3rd eyelid prolapse + eno/exophthalmos

206
Q

what does tetanus cause

A

bilateral eversion of 3rd eyelid

207
Q

layers of cornea

A

PTF, epith., stroma, descemet’s membrane, endoth

208
Q

which part of cornea has elastin collagen

A

fibres- descemet’s membrane

209
Q

how are collagen fibres arranged

A

parallel layers

210
Q

where do fluid accumulate in case of corneal edema

A

in stroma

211
Q

reasons for corneal edema

A

glaucoma, inflammation, endothelial dystrophy

212
Q

where does vascularization (pathological healing) come from

A

deep-ciliary, superficial conjuctiva

213
Q

3rd eyelid- which is false

A

Well-muscled in large animal and small animal / covered both sides by conjunctiva /position supported by the
globe/In the medial canthus of the eye/position is determined by sympathetic tone/Prod PTF/Protection of
the Cornea

214
Q

third eyelid

A

it is: in medial canthus, position determined by sympathy tone, both surfaces are covered by conjunctiva,
follicles, muscle well developed in large animals , retinaculum fixes gl.+3rd eyelid to periorbita

215
Q

Parasympatholytic effect on the eye

A

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia-Inhibit parasympathomimetic and cause (inhibition of m sphincter pupillae and
ciliary muscle

216
Q

Schirmer tear test 1

A

done without anaesthesia

217
Q

grid keratotomy

A

only in non- melting ulcers (sm animals)

218
Q

what to do with descenetocele

A

Emergency intervention, Eliminate the cause, NO MEDICAL THERAPY - Surgery – Free Island Graft in small
animals, Pedicle Graft Large animals (Both in Conjunctiva) and direct suture the cornea(2x horizontal mattress)
Also 3rd eyelid flap in small animals & Tarsorrhaphy in large animals.
DESCEMETOCELE- Fluorescein – and hydrophobic and does not stain – ELASTIC
FIBERS OF THE CORNEA.

219
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

lid margin partially or total closure

220
Q

indication for vitrectomy in horses

A

ERU- Equine reccurrent uveities-calm period as tx of chronic phase

221
Q

atropine

A

not for dx, but for tx

222
Q

shape of pupil

A

round in dog, perpendicular rhomboid in cat, horizontal elliptic in eq, bo, su

223
Q

most important drainage of aqueous in horses

A

uveoscleral

224
Q

entropion

A

Inversion of all parts of the eyelid margin-mainly the lower lid (dog) upper in (Sheep)-Most frequent inherited
eyelid defect in these animals- Surgery ( Hotz Celsus/Pinching Technique) It may resolve spontaneously wait
to mature to 8 months of age.

225
Q

hordeolum

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelid-STYE. H. externum-purulent inflamm of the
lash follicle & associated with Zeis Gland, H. Internum- Purulent inflammation of the lash follicle associated
with the Tarsal/ Meibomian gld. Caused by bacteria StaphAureus.

226
Q

CS of acute uveitis

A

miosis: swollen & injected iris, pain, photophobia, corneal edema, dec IOP- WHAT IS NOT A SIGN OF ACUTE
UVEITIS=MYDRIASIS!!!

227
Q

CS of chronic uveitis

A

Anterior synechiae- Iris adhered to cornea, Posterior synechiae-iris adheres to the lens. Dec IOP=Eye atrophy,
Inc IOP=Glaucoma

228
Q

normal pressure of anterior chamber

A

HORSE: 25 +/- 7 mmHg , SM Animal: 15-25 mmHg

229
Q

what does not affect the aqueous production

A

Blood pressure / inflammation / thermal convection / diurnal changes / drugs

230
Q

what is not true about phacoemulsification

A

ECE

231
Q

What can lead to glaucoma (or which can not)

A

Anterior synechiae/posterior synechiae/ anterior lens luxation/posterior lens luxation/more option

232
Q

cataract surgery- which one has post lens capasule left intact

A

ECE extracapsular

233
Q

feature of canine retina

A

retina vessels are originated from the centre of the optic nerve head

234
Q

treatment of ectropion

A

khunt szymanovsky

235
Q

not true

A

The tapetum is located between the chorioid and the retinal pigment epithelium on the ventral half of the fundus
IT IS LOCATED IN THE DORSAL HALF

236
Q

Ectopic cilium

A

an abnormal cilium from an abnormally situated follicle

237
Q

the wide field of view and small 4-5x magnification is feature of the

A

indirect opthalmoscope

238
Q

with direct opthalmoscope

A

We can observe an erected magnified image of the fundus

Designed for the examination of the anterior segment of the eye/ examination of the cornea

239
Q

iris bombe

A

iris protrudes towards cornea due to synechia posterior

240
Q

what is kerectasia

A

formation of granulation tisssure in the cornea due to chronic irritation

241
Q

advantage of acellular matrix patch in corneal surgery

A

can produce a better transparency of the cornea after healing

242
Q

what statement is not true for about anterior lens luxation

A

Optic nerve atrophy/ glaucoma/ corneal oedema/ uveitis

opthalmology (3 decks)

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