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PPP Terms Flashcards

1
Q

barrier-free

A

A term applied to spaces, buildings, and facilities, that are fully accessible to anyone including those who are physically handicapped.

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2
Q

A lien release

A

A lien release relieves an owner of a lien placed on a property due to outstanding payment of labor and materials.

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3
Q

A conditional use permit

A

Is issued in the interest of public welfare.

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4
Q

Grid arrangement

A

A grid pattern is also easily modified and is based on two sets of parallel circulation paths that intersect at regular intervals.

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5
Q

Radical arrangement

A

Radical pattern are comprised of two or more circulation paths that extend from a central node or focal point.

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6
Q

Cluster arrangement

A

Cluster refers to spaces loosely grouped around a central element.

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7
Q

Central arrangement

A

Central plans are typically more formal than clusters and focus secondary elements toward a single primary space.

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8
Q

Axial arrangement

A

Axial plans have two or more major circulation paths that intersect.

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9
Q

Warranty Deed

A

A guarantee that the property title will be transferred to a buyer free of liens, claims or other debts

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10
Q

Off-street Requirements

A

Parking spaces within property lines as required by a city ordinance and often expressed as parking spaces per dwelling unit or per commercial space

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11
Q

Apartment

A

A residential building in which the tenants typically rent their unit from the owner of the building

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12
Q

Cooperative

A

A collective ownership. The owner is a tenant in a building owned by an organization of which he is a shareholder. The entire project is owned by a single entity.

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13
Q

Homes Association

A

This is the org created to manage shared facilities in a detached or attached housing development. Membership is guaranteed by ownership in the development and this organization acts as the governing body.

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14
Q

Condominium

A

A residential building or housing complex in which the common elements, the land, are owned by a single corporation. The dwelling units however are individually owned.

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15
Q

Nonconforming Use

A

A special zoning exemption for a parcel of land which due to changes in the current zoning ordinance, no longer complies. A building on the parcel may remain in use if it is shown that the use of the property conformed with the prior zoning ordinance.

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16
Q

Coordinates

A

Measurements from a fixed vertical or horizontal line used to locate a point.

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17
Q

Flat Plate Collector

A

A device that collects solar energy for use as an energy source.

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18
Q

Inflation factor

A

It is based on the current cost of construction and various inflation rate estimates gauge what the cost of construction will be at the midpoint of construction.

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19
Q

Overhead

A

The general costs of operating a business that cannot be directly assigned to a project. Rent, drafting supplies, taxes, etc. Salaries and benefits qualify only if the employee or principal is not doing project related work.

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20
Q

Territoriality

A

This complex form of nonverbal communication refers to feelings of ownership and the defense of personal belongings, individual and communal property, boundaries, etc.

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21
Q

Occupancy Classifcation

A

A designation based upon the ser-group for which a building or portion of a building is intended.

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22
Q

Programming

A

During this phase no design solution is implied. This ensures that the analysis remains unbiased and objective. It is the process of problem identification and not of problem solving. Design is the process of problem solving

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23
Q

Easement

A

A legal right for one party to use a portion of another party’s parcel of land for access.

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24
Q

Value engineering

A

A review process of proposed systems and materials used to explore less expensive options that will achieve a similar result.

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25
Q

Fire Zone

A

A zoning classification utilized by some jurisdictions to designate geographical areas of high hazard moderate hazard and low hazard.

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26
Q

Plat Map

A

A land plan. A component of a survey typically furnished by a civil engineer, and drawn to scale, it indicates the bearings and dimensions of property lines.

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27
Q

Metes and Bounds

A

Indicates the legal boundaries of a specific tract of land and defines the bearings and dimensions of the property lines.

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28
Q

Catchment Area

A

The catchment area is a specific geographic area in which a user group for a particular activity is located. Census data, surveys, and info provided by local agencies is analyzed and used to assess the viability of a development.

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29
Q

Conditional Use

A

Granted by a zoning board to achieve a purpose deemed by the board to be in a public interest. A school or hospital located in a residential zoned area may have been granted this.

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30
Q

Variance

A

Special permission to deviate from the standard zoning regulations.

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31
Q

Zoning

A

The municipal regulation of building and land use. THis may include height limitations, setbacks, population density control, the ratio of building to open spaces, etc.

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32
Q

Risk Category

A

This designation determines structural requirements based on the nature of a building’s function. The principal of assigning a category to a buildings and structures is to identify the potential impact of a structural failure in the event of an emergency.

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33
Q

Cumulative Zoning

A

A multi-use district or zone. Allows for residential use in commercial zones and commerical use in industrial zones.

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34
Q

Incentive Zoning

A

Allows waivers from specific restrictions for developments which provide certain public amenities.

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35
Q

AIA Best Practices

A

An evolving and essentially unlimited archive of articles that represent the collective wisdom of AIA members and related professionals.

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36
Q

Construction Partnering

A

A form of team building; it itself a specific approach to improving general cooperation, communication and the working relationship of key members from each entity involved in a construction project.

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37
Q

Proforma Statement

A

a means of determining a projects construction budget by listing labor and construction costs.

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38
Q

Bench mark

A

A reference used to establish the height and location of other points.

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39
Q

Spot elevation

A

A numerical notation of the exact height of a specific location on a site plan or topographical map. Used to identify key heights such as the base of a wall at the corner of a building.

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40
Q

Baseline

A

A surveyed line used as a reference to locate property lines, structures, etc.

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41
Q

Pad elevation

A

The level of subgrade onto which material will be added to reach finish grade. Identified by a note not a contour line.

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42
Q

Datum

A

A horizontal plane to which ground elevations or water surface elevations are referred. Also called a reference plane.

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43
Q

Yard

A

An area of a site designated to be unbuilt open space, between each side of a building and the adjacent property line.

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44
Q

Transit

A

A telescopic instrument usually mounted to a tripod base, used in surveying to measure horizontal and vertical angles, distances, compass directions, and differences.

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45
Q

One Acre

A

A unit of land measurement equal to 43,560 sq.ft., 4,840 sq.yards 640 of these units is equal to one square mile.

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46
Q

Backfill

A

Soil that is placed around the exterior of a foundation wall or other excavation and compacted to avoid settlement. It should be free of debris and organic material that might later disintegrate and create void spaces.

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47
Q

Blighted Area

A

Any area of a community where negative conditions have adversely affected its desirability and it is an economic or aesthetic liability to the surrounding community.

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48
Q

Steppe

A

A level or rolling treeless plain usually in an area of extreme temperature ranges.

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49
Q

Air Rights

A

A legal entitlement to use the space above a specified horizontal plane such as a tract of land or existing building.

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50
Q

Liquidation Value

A

THe likely price that a property would bring when a sale must occur within a limited time such as in a foreclosure.

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51
Q

Principal

A

The mortgage amount borrowed which must be repaid, not including interest and fees.

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52
Q

Absorption rate

A

The pace at which inventory or units of a specific property type becomes occupied during a specified period of time in a given market. Can be calculated as gross or net.

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53
Q

Closing Costs

A

Expenses incurred in the purchase and sale of real property, in addition to the purchase price, paid at the time of sale. Examples include insurance, attorney fees, etc.

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54
Q

Equity

A

The difference between what a property is worth, over and above the amount of any debt secured by the property.

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55
Q

Leverage

A

The use of borrowed funds to finance the cost of an investment.

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56
Q

Title

A

The rights and documentation proving the legal ownership of a property.

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57
Q

Market data approach

A

A method of determining the value of a property by analyzing recent sales or rental prices of comparable properties.

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58
Q

Market gap

A

The difference between the demand for space and its availability in a particular locale.

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59
Q

Abutment

A

A buttressing or supporting structure

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60
Q

Acropolis

A

In an ancient Greek city, citadel, usually on a high plateau.

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61
Q

Albedo

A

Reflectivity measured as the relative permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction.

62
Q

Annunciatior

A

An electromagnetic device that indicates the activation of certain circuits; a device to signal the existence and location of a fire in the building.

63
Q

Apse

A

The eastern or altar end of a church usually semicircular in plan

64
Q

Azulejo

A

Hey glaze decorative tile with the color blue most prominent.

65
Q

Baffle

A

A partial extraction against flow, in a duct or pipe

66
Q

Baroque

A

A style of European architecture developed in the late renaissance in reaction to classical horns, containing elaborate curves, scrolls, and ornament.

67
Q

Base lines

A

East – West lines from which townships are established on government surveys. They run perpendicular to meridian lines.

68
Q

Batten

A

Cleat – Mike member placed across a series of boards to tie them together; also, a narrow strip covering the joint between two vertical boards.

69
Q

Belvedere

A

Roofed structure or pavilion located to a command a view

70
Q

Bench

A

And excavated level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.

71
Q

Berm

A

A bank of earth, often piled up against a wall.

72
Q

Bituminous

A

Describing cement, mastic, or roofing material which contains asphalt as a principal ingredient.

73
Q

Blighted Area

A

An area, usually urban, that has deteriorated in quality and value, and which functions well below its economic and social potential

74
Q

Boring

A

Drilling into the earth to obtain soil samples in order to determine soil bearing capacity.

75
Q

Brise-Soleil

A

A Sunbreak, and architectural shading device for blocking unwanted sunrays.

76
Q

Caisson

A

In air chamber without a bottom, use an excavation through water or mud.

77
Q

Campanile

A

A bell tower

78
Q

Cant

A

To sit at a slant from the horizontal or vertical

79
Q

Carrel

A

A small room in a library

80
Q

Cella

A

The inner enclosed room of an ancient temple

81
Q

Channelization

A

The separation of traffic lanes by use of islands for dividers

82
Q

Clinker

A

A break has been over burned by being near the fire in the kiln

83
Q

Cloverleaf

A

A type of grade – separated interchange used in highway design. Named for its shape

84
Q

Coniferous

A

Pertaining to come – bearing trees and shrubs, mostly evergreens, such as pine, Spruce, for, Cedar, etc.

85
Q

Covenant

A

A deed restriction that regulates land-use, construction materials, appearance anesthetic qualities of an area.

86
Q

Craze

A

To develop a new surface cracks in stucco, concrete or glaze

87
Q

Culvert

A

A length of pipe, running under a road or other barrier used to drain or carry water

88
Q

Dais

A

A platform raised above floor level

89
Q

Deciduous

A

Shedding leaves annually as contrasted with Evergreen

90
Q

Dry well

A

A pit, usually filled with course stone into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil

91
Q

Eminent domain

A

The right of the public agency to expropriate private property for public use

92
Q

Entasis

A

The slight convexity of a column used to give an impression of vertical strength

93
Q

Evergreen

A

Having green leaves throughout the year

94
Q

Exedra

A

A semi – circular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat

95
Q

Faience

A

Enameled clay products

96
Q

Fault

A

The boundary between adjacent rock plates along which movement may take place during an earthquake.

97
Q

Fire Brick

A

Brick composed of clay not containing any fusible material, which can resist high temps

98
Q

FNMA

A

Federal national mortgage Association, and agency whose function is to stabilize the housing market by purchasing mortgages or providing mortgage money directly.

99
Q

Frieze

A

A horizontal band on a vertical surface, located beneath a cornice, sometimes decorated with relief sculpture.

100
Q

GNMA

A

Government national mortgage Association, and agency that functions in the secondary mortgage market.

101
Q

Granolith

A

Concrete used for paving, which uses crushed granite as the coarse aggregate.

102
Q

Greenbelt

A

A belt – like area around the city, Missouri for Parkland, farms, open space, etc.

103
Q

Hippodrome

A

A race course bordered by tiered seating

104
Q

Impost

A

The cap of a pier or pilaster that supports the spring of an arch

105
Q

Ingress

A

Entrance

106
Q

Intaglio

A

A surface decoration formed by a slightly depressed plane of line and patterns

107
Q

Inversion

A

A situation, generally the reverse of normal in which cold air is close to the ground in a layer of warm air is above it

108
Q

Invert Elevation

A

The elevation of the lowest inside surface of a pipe or sewer

109
Q

Jalousie

A

A window or door blind made of movable horizontal sweats

110
Q

Lanai

A

A Hawaiian terrace or veranda

111
Q

Lintel

A

A structural member placed over an opening and supporting construction above

112
Q

Macadam

A

Paving using crushed stone

113
Q

Mastic

A

Caulking that remains elastic

114
Q

Megalith

A

A stone of great size

115
Q

Muntin

A

A wood or metal me,her used to hold the pages within a window

116
Q

Naos

A

An inner chamber of classical temple

117
Q

Narthex

A

The entrance vestibule of a church

118
Q

Nave

A

The main longitudinal portion of a church interior

119
Q

Pagoda

A

In far eastern architecture, a tower like structure

120
Q

Panopticon

A

A building planned so that a person at the center can observe converging corridors

121
Q

Parterre

A

A level and patterned garden

122
Q

PUD

A

Pl planned unit development, is zoning designation that allows greater freedom in sight planning, while usually maintaining the same density. Similar to cluster development but larger in scale, including commercial and industrial development, in addition to housing

123
Q

Rake

A

A slope or incline as on a roof

124
Q

Rotary

A

A device used at an intersection of streets in which all vehicles merge and then diverge at relatively unused.

125
Q

Stoa

A

A portico used in Greek architecture, often as a covered shopping way

126
Q

Viaduct

A

A bridge across a valley

127
Q

Vomitorium

A

An Entrance passage in a large amphitheater

128
Q

Liquefaction

A

is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by rapid loading.
Strength and stiffness of soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading

129
Q

Abatement

A

A reduction in the price of a property due to the discovery of some problem that tends to decrease the propertys value.

130
Q

Amortization

A

the payment of a loan over the life of the loan using equal payments at equal intervals. Each payment provides for a portion to be applied to the principal and the remainder to be applied to the interest

131
Q

Blighted Area

A

An area of a city that has been determined to contain buildings and infrastructure that are in a state of decay and in need of improvement.

132
Q

CC&Rs

A

covenants, conditions, restrictions; which are all the rules that apply to a property owner in a subdivision, condo, or cooperative housing

133
Q

conveyance

A

the act of transferring an interest in a property to another person, or the document written to formalize such a transfer

134
Q

Plat

A

Is prepared to legally define the layout of a subdivided piece of property.

135
Q

Bridging

A

A specific approach to the design guild model of project delivery that allows an owner to secure an early fixed price and take advantage of the contractors knowledge of construction methods and materials and relationships.

136
Q

Affirmative covenant

A

Commits a buyer to performing a specific duty in the future

137
Q

Conditional covenant

A

States that if the restrictions prescribed in the deed are not followed, the title to the land will revert to the original grantor or their heir

138
Q

base map

A

it is used as a background map for site analysis. It shows the sites legal boundaries, contours, roads, buildings, utilities, and other manmade features

139
Q

general obligation bonds

A

used to finance the acquisition or construction of specific public facilities and to purchase property that does not collect revenue

140
Q

revenue bonds/ rate supported bonds

A

used to finance revenue producing facilities. The bonds are paid back by the revenue from customers using the services that the bond funded (toll bridge)

141
Q

public enterprise revenue bonds

A

used to finance facility for revenue producing public enterprises

142
Q

tax-increment financing

A

used to purchase land, planning, and public works improvement to encourage private development and it is based on increased taxes due to increased property value.

143
Q

unit cost system

A

cost per square foot based on recent experience

144
Q

building subsystem

A

enables comparison between different conceptual solutions; SD

145
Q

component cost system

A

enables a more precise selection of components and systems; DD

146
Q

composite unit rates

A

these rates are for construction components, assemblies, and systems and are required for pre-bid estimates, final cost checks, the contractor’s cost, breakdown and used as a basis for verifying the contractor’s payment requests; CD

147
Q

parameter method

A

involves an expanded itemization of construction quantities and assignment of unit costs to these quantities; CD

148
Q

matrix costing

A

it is a way of comparing and evaluating alternative construction components; DD

149
Q

ALTA

A

American Land Title Association

150
Q

Non-conforming use

A

A type of zoning variance where a parcel of land may be given an exception from current zoning ordinances due to improvements made by a prior owner or before the current zoning ordinances made the project non-conforming under local law.

151
Q

Ordinances

A

An ordinance is a law enacted by a municipal body, such as a city council or county commission. Ordinances govern matters not already covered by state or federal laws such as zoning, safety and building regulations.

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