PPP red deck 3 Flashcards
1
Q
A waterproof boxlike structure in which construction work can be performed underwater. Also a pile constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled shaft.
A
caisson
2
Q
Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.
A
coniferous
3
Q
A building stone which has been shaped and smoothed into a rectangle for use in masonry construction.
A
ashlar
4
Q
The lowest point of the inside of a drain, pipe, channel, or other liquid-carrying conduit.
A
invert
5
Q
An entrance.
A
ingress
6
Q
Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.
A
cut and fill
7
Q
A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.
A
exedra
8
Q
The study of human perception of space and environment, including how the use of space related to environmental and cultural factors.
A
proxemics
9
Q
A circulation pattern comprised of curves, which closely follows the contours of the land.
A
curvilinear pattern
10
Q
An open, unoccupied space, other than a court, unobstructed to the sky, on the lot on which a building is situated.
A
yard
11
Q
A street, alley, or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.
A
way
12
Q
A legal boundary of a parcel of land.
A
property line
13
Q
Constructed off-site in standardized sections for shipment and quick assembly, such as a prefabricated house.
A
prefabricated
14
Q
A wall built astride a property line between two adjoining buildings.
A
party wall
15
Q
A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.
A
bikeway
16
Q
The flow or movement of people, goods, or vehicles from place to place.
A
circulation
17
Q
Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.
A
off-street parking
18
Q
The most profitable use of a parcel of land.
A
highest and best use
19
Q
Native.
A
indigenous
20
Q
Wood or metal strips used to make a plane surface; also a cavity within a wall or ceiling.
A
furring
21
Q
A citadel in an ancient Greek city usually on a plateau.
A
acropolis
22
Q
The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire.
A
fire-resistant rating
23
Q
A wall resistant to the spread of fire.
A
fire wall
24
Q
An indication of position having no dimension or area; the intersection of two lines.
A
point
25
The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time.
occupant load
26
A parcel of land.
plot
27
Encroachment on personal space, such as sitting very close to a person on an otherwise empty park bench.
spatial invasion
28
A form of leasehold in which the owner of a piece of property recovers the capital invested in the property, but retains the use of the property.
sale and leaseback
29
The divisions of vacant land into smaller parcels to be used as sites for individual building, together with public rights-of-way affecting these sites.
subdivisions
30
A small room in a library.
carrel
31
A procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager (CM), who is generally responsible for control of a project's time, cost, and quality.
construction management
32
A specific or characteristic manner of expression or design, in any art, period, or work.
style
33
The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.
drainage
34
An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.
bench
35
The unit of space between the supporting columns of a building.
bay
36
Extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field, which can cause discomfort.
glare
37
The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.
finish grade
38
Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called double glazing.
insulating glass
39
Concrete used for pacing which uses crushed granite as the coarse aggregate.
granolith
40
A bridge for carrying a road across a valley.
viaduct.
41
The lowest member of an entablature, which extends from column to column.
architrave
42
A palace.
palazzo
43
A surface decoration using intricate flowing lines and geometric patterns.
arabesque
44
An ornamental garden arrangement.
parterre
45
A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.
baffle
46
The core of a city, containing the main concentration of stores, offices, and services.
central business district (CBD)
47
An apartment above the ground floor in a building which has no elevator.
walk-up apartment
48
Wedge-shaped blocks used to form an arch or vault.
voussoirs
49
An entrance (or exit) passage in a large amphitheater.
vomitorium
50
The form of modern architecture developed in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by cubistic forms, white surfaces, and large areas of glass and steel windows.
international style
51
The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called grade separation.
interchange
52
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the water table.
groundwater level
53
Department of Housing and Urban Development, the federal agency concerned with all phases of housing activities.
HUD
54
Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), an agency which functions in the secondary mortgage market.
GNMA
55
A building used for baptismal services.
baptistery
56
A sun break, an architectural shading device for blocking unwanted sun rays.
brise-soliel
57
Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.
barrier-free
58
The inherent system in people that causes regular cycles of function or behavior, such as periods of working, sleeping, and eating.
biological clock
59
The architectural development around 1900, centered in Chicago, that was characterized by tall, steel-framed buildings.
Chicago school
60
Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.
drain tile
61
Behavior intended to protect a specific territory by means of particular positions, postures, or gestures, such as placing one's coat over the adjacent seat.
spatial defense
62
A process of pubic intervention in the development of an existing urban area, in which a public agency acquires ownership of property and administers its resale for development to mainly private owners.
urban renewal
63
A line, usually parallel to a property line, beyond which a structure may not extend.
building line
64
The triangular face of a roof gable.
pediment
65
A belvedere or viewing place.
gazebo
66
A theory of urban development that perceives the modern American city as a series of concentric rings around the central business district.
concentric zone theory
67
Pertaining to architecture having directness of form and economy of materials, as is common to organisms.
organic
68
An open court enclosed by the walls of a building.
patio
69
The legal power of a government to authorize actions which are in the best interest of the general public.
police power
70
Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.
improved land
71
Relating to an entity, rather than to its parts; overall.
holistic
72
The time interval between the arrival of successive buses or trains.
headway
73
A theory offered as a possible explanation for certain phenomena.
hypothesis
74
An early 1950s style based on Le Corbusier's crudely fabricated concrete work in which structural and mechanical elements were often featured.
brutalism
75
A landscaped strip of ground between a pedestrian walk and a street.
planting strip
76
Nondiscrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.
fair housing
77
The uncontrolled human contact that results from an absence of physical, social, or psychological barriers, characterized by a lack of privacy.
crowding
78
An urban pattern in which development occurs along public transit corridors and expressways.
finger
79
A race course bordered by tiered seating.
hippodrome
80
Having fire-resistive protection as specified in the applicable building code.
protected
81
A plan of a city or subdivision, showing the boundaries of individual properties.
plat
82
Relationships between activities characterized by frequent interaction.
linkages
83
A device used at an intersection of streets in which all vehicles merge and then diverge at relatively low speeds.
rotary
84
The study of the properties of geometric forms that remain constant when the forms change. A topological relation exists, for example, in considering inside and outside.
topology
85
The quality in a design of being appropriate, harmonious, or exhibiting an agreeable arrangement of parts.
congruity
86
A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.
datum
87
A pit, usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.
dry well
88
A circumferential or loop roadway around an urban area or development.
ring road
89
The methodical evaluation of an activity to determine its basic purposes and how these purposes may be realized most efficiently.
systems analysis
90
A theory of urban development which assumes that land uses tend to be arranged in sectors or pie-shaped wedges radiating from the center of the city.
sector theory
91
A pattern of land use in which several cities of approximately the same size and population are located fairly close to each other, but have no dominating center.
constellation pattern
92
A logical process in which a conclusion contains more information than the premises on which it is based, as opposed to deductive reasoning.
inductive reasoning
93
A sacred picture or object.
icon
94
The principal inner chamber of a Greek temple.
naos
95
East-west lines, running perpendicular to meridian lines, from which townships are established on government surveys.
baselines
96
A spherical triangle forming a transition between a circular dome and its square or polygonal support.
pendentive
97
A surface decoration formed by incised carving.
intaglio
98
A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.
court pattern
99
The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.
altitude
100
A very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated, but which may be penetrated by cul-de-sacs or minor loop roads.
superblock
101
Zoning a parcel of land different from the surrounding area.
spot zoning
102
A type of zoning that permits a developer to reduce the minimum lot size below the requirements of the zoning ordinance, if the land gained thereby is preserved as permanent, community open space.
cluster zoning
103
Construction employing the arch form.
arculated
104
Describing cement, mastic, or roofing material which contains asphalt as a principal ingredient.
bituminous
105
Any public way or thoroughfare 10 to 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.
alley
106
A written description of the location and boundaries of a parcel of land, in accordance with a system prescribed by law.
legal description
107
The placement of two or more elements close together for comparison or contrast.
juxtaposition
108
A window or door blind made of fixed or movable horizontal slats.
jalousie
109
A situation, generally the reverse of normal, in which cold air is close to the ground and a layer of warm air is above it.
inversion
110
A sociological concept that prescribes the acceptable way an individual should act in specific situations.
role
111
A social group with which an individual has a territorial identification, such as a family, a school, or an entire town.
territorial group
112
The strip of land in which a railroad or highway runs. Also, the right to pass over another's property.
right-of-way
113
A term used by Lynch to describe the ease with which parts of a city can be recognized and organized into a coherent pattern. Also known as imageability.
legibility
114
The shape of the earth's surface.
landform
115
Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance.
conforming use
116
A slope or incline, as on a roof.
rake
117
A Hawaiian terrace or veranda.
lanai
118
A legal instrument that pledges property as security for a debt.
mortgage
119
A minor street which starts at a major street, extends in curvilinear fashion for a short distance, and then returns to the major street.
loop street
