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PPP > PPP red deck 3 > Flashcards

PPP red deck 3 Flashcards

1
Q

A waterproof boxlike structure in which construction work can be performed underwater. Also a pile constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled shaft.

A

caisson

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2
Q

Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, fir, and cedar.

A

coniferous

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3
Q

A building stone which has been shaped and smoothed into a rectangle for use in masonry construction.

A

ashlar

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4
Q

The lowest point of the inside of a drain, pipe, channel, or other liquid-carrying conduit.

A

invert

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5
Q

An entrance.

A

ingress

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6
Q

Earth which is removed (cut) and earth which is added (fill) in grading.

A

cut and fill

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7
Q

A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.

A

exedra

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8
Q

The study of human perception of space and environment, including how the use of space related to environmental and cultural factors.

A

proxemics

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9
Q

A circulation pattern comprised of curves, which closely follows the contours of the land.

A

curvilinear pattern

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10
Q

An open, unoccupied space, other than a court, unobstructed to the sky, on the lot on which a building is situated.

A

yard

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11
Q

A street, alley, or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.

A

way

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12
Q

A legal boundary of a parcel of land.

A

property line

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13
Q

Constructed off-site in standardized sections for shipment and quick assembly, such as a prefabricated house.

A

prefabricated

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14
Q

A wall built astride a property line between two adjoining buildings.

A

party wall

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15
Q

A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.

A

bikeway

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16
Q

The flow or movement of people, goods, or vehicles from place to place.

A

circulation

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17
Q

Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.

A

off-street parking

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18
Q

The most profitable use of a parcel of land.

A

highest and best use

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19
Q

Native.

A

indigenous

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20
Q

Wood or metal strips used to make a plane surface; also a cavity within a wall or ceiling.

A

furring

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21
Q

A citadel in an ancient Greek city usually on a plateau.

A

acropolis

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22
Q

The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire.

A

fire-resistant rating

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23
Q

A wall resistant to the spread of fire.

A

fire wall

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24
Q

An indication of position having no dimension or area; the intersection of two lines.

A

point

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25
Q

The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time.

A

occupant load

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26
Q

A parcel of land.

A

plot

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27
Q

Encroachment on personal space, such as sitting very close to a person on an otherwise empty park bench.

A

spatial invasion

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28
Q

A form of leasehold in which the owner of a piece of property recovers the capital invested in the property, but retains the use of the property.

A

sale and leaseback

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29
Q

The divisions of vacant land into smaller parcels to be used as sites for individual building, together with public rights-of-way affecting these sites.

A

subdivisions

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30
Q

A small room in a library.

A

carrel

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31
Q

A procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager (CM), who is generally responsible for control of a project’s time, cost, and quality.

A

construction management

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32
Q

A specific or characteristic manner of expression or design, in any art, period, or work.

A

style

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33
Q

The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.

A

drainage

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34
Q

An excavated, level terrace in a slope used to collect running water.

A

bench

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35
Q

The unit of space between the supporting columns of a building.

A

bay

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36
Q

Extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field, which can cause discomfort.

A

glare

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37
Q

The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.

A

finish grade

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38
Q

Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called double glazing.

A

insulating glass

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39
Q

Concrete used for pacing which uses crushed granite as the coarse aggregate.

A

granolith

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40
Q

A bridge for carrying a road across a valley.

A

viaduct.

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41
Q

The lowest member of an entablature, which extends from column to column.

A

architrave

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42
Q

A palace.

A

palazzo

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43
Q

A surface decoration using intricate flowing lines and geometric patterns.

A

arabesque

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44
Q

An ornamental garden arrangement.

A

parterre

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45
Q

A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.

A

baffle

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46
Q

The core of a city, containing the main concentration of stores, offices, and services.

A

central business district (CBD)

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47
Q

An apartment above the ground floor in a building which has no elevator.

A

walk-up apartment

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48
Q

Wedge-shaped blocks used to form an arch or vault.

A

voussoirs

49
Q

An entrance (or exit) passage in a large amphitheater.

A

vomitorium

50
Q

The form of modern architecture developed in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by cubistic forms, white surfaces, and large areas of glass and steel windows.

A

international style

51
Q

The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called grade separation.

A

interchange

52
Q

The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the water table.

A

groundwater level

53
Q

Department of Housing and Urban Development, the federal agency concerned with all phases of housing activities.

A

HUD

54
Q

Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), an agency which functions in the secondary mortgage market.

A

GNMA

55
Q

A building used for baptismal services.

A

baptistery

56
Q

A sun break, an architectural shading device for blocking unwanted sun rays.

A

brise-soliel

57
Q

Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.

A

barrier-free

58
Q

The inherent system in people that causes regular cycles of function or behavior, such as periods of working, sleeping, and eating.

A

biological clock

59
Q

The architectural development around 1900, centered in Chicago, that was characterized by tall, steel-framed buildings.

A

Chicago school

60
Q

Clay pipe, usually with open joints, used to convey water away from a footing or to disperse liquid in a septic tank field.

A

drain tile

61
Q

Behavior intended to protect a specific territory by means of particular positions, postures, or gestures, such as placing one’s coat over the adjacent seat.

A

spatial defense

62
Q

A process of pubic intervention in the development of an existing urban area, in which a public agency acquires ownership of property and administers its resale for development to mainly private owners.

A

urban renewal

63
Q

A line, usually parallel to a property line, beyond which a structure may not extend.

A

building line

64
Q

The triangular face of a roof gable.

A

pediment

65
Q

A belvedere or viewing place.

A

gazebo

66
Q

A theory of urban development that perceives the modern American city as a series of concentric rings around the central business district.

A

concentric zone theory

67
Q

Pertaining to architecture having directness of form and economy of materials, as is common to organisms.

A

organic

68
Q

An open court enclosed by the walls of a building.

A

patio

69
Q

The legal power of a government to authorize actions which are in the best interest of the general public.

A

police power

70
Q

Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.

A

improved land

71
Q

Relating to an entity, rather than to its parts; overall.

A

holistic

72
Q

The time interval between the arrival of successive buses or trains.

A

headway

73
Q

A theory offered as a possible explanation for certain phenomena.

A

hypothesis

74
Q

An early 1950s style based on Le Corbusier’s crudely fabricated concrete work in which structural and mechanical elements were often featured.

A

brutalism

75
Q

A landscaped strip of ground between a pedestrian walk and a street.

A

planting strip

76
Q

Nondiscrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

A

fair housing

77
Q

The uncontrolled human contact that results from an absence of physical, social, or psychological barriers, characterized by a lack of privacy.

A

crowding

78
Q

An urban pattern in which development occurs along public transit corridors and expressways.

A

finger

79
Q

A race course bordered by tiered seating.

A

hippodrome

80
Q

Having fire-resistive protection as specified in the applicable building code.

A

protected

81
Q

A plan of a city or subdivision, showing the boundaries of individual properties.

A

plat

82
Q

Relationships between activities characterized by frequent interaction.

A

linkages

83
Q

A device used at an intersection of streets in which all vehicles merge and then diverge at relatively low speeds.

A

rotary

84
Q

The study of the properties of geometric forms that remain constant when the forms change. A topological relation exists, for example, in considering inside and outside.

A

topology

85
Q

The quality in a design of being appropriate, harmonious, or exhibiting an agreeable arrangement of parts.

A

congruity

86
Q

A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.

A

datum

87
Q

A pit, usually filled with coarse stone, into which water is conducted for leaching out into surrounding soil.

A

dry well

88
Q

A circumferential or loop roadway around an urban area or development.

A

ring road

89
Q

The methodical evaluation of an activity to determine its basic purposes and how these purposes may be realized most efficiently.

A

systems analysis

90
Q

A theory of urban development which assumes that land uses tend to be arranged in sectors or pie-shaped wedges radiating from the center of the city.

A

sector theory

91
Q

A pattern of land use in which several cities of approximately the same size and population are located fairly close to each other, but have no dominating center.

A

constellation pattern

92
Q

A logical process in which a conclusion contains more information than the premises on which it is based, as opposed to deductive reasoning.

A

inductive reasoning

93
Q

A sacred picture or object.

A

icon

94
Q

The principal inner chamber of a Greek temple.

A

naos

95
Q

East-west lines, running perpendicular to meridian lines, from which townships are established on government surveys.

A

baselines

96
Q

A spherical triangle forming a transition between a circular dome and its square or polygonal support.

A

pendentive

97
Q

A surface decoration formed by incised carving.

A

intaglio

98
Q

A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.

A

court pattern

99
Q

The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.

A

altitude

100
Q

A very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated, but which may be penetrated by cul-de-sacs or minor loop roads.

A

superblock

101
Q

Zoning a parcel of land different from the surrounding area.

A

spot zoning

102
Q

A type of zoning that permits a developer to reduce the minimum lot size below the requirements of the zoning ordinance, if the land gained thereby is preserved as permanent, community open space.

A

cluster zoning

103
Q

Construction employing the arch form.

A

arculated

104
Q

Describing cement, mastic, or roofing material which contains asphalt as a principal ingredient.

A

bituminous

105
Q

Any public way or thoroughfare 10 to 16 feet in width which has been dedicated or deeded to the public for public use.

A

alley

106
Q

A written description of the location and boundaries of a parcel of land, in accordance with a system prescribed by law.

A

legal description

107
Q

The placement of two or more elements close together for comparison or contrast.

A

juxtaposition

108
Q

A window or door blind made of fixed or movable horizontal slats.

A

jalousie

109
Q

A situation, generally the reverse of normal, in which cold air is close to the ground and a layer of warm air is above it.

A

inversion

110
Q

A sociological concept that prescribes the acceptable way an individual should act in specific situations.

A

role

111
Q

A social group with which an individual has a territorial identification, such as a family, a school, or an entire town.

A

territorial group

112
Q

The strip of land in which a railroad or highway runs. Also, the right to pass over another’s property.

A

right-of-way

113
Q

A term used by Lynch to describe the ease with which parts of a city can be recognized and organized into a coherent pattern. Also known as imageability.

A

legibility

114
Q

The shape of the earth’s surface.

A

landform

115
Q

Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance.

A

conforming use

116
Q

A slope or incline, as on a roof.

A

rake

117
Q

A Hawaiian terrace or veranda.

A

lanai

118
Q

A legal instrument that pledges property as security for a debt.

A

mortgage

119
Q

A minor street which starts at a major street, extends in curvilinear fashion for a short distance, and then returns to the major street.

A

loop street

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