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FBS1 > PPP - ANS > Flashcards

PPP - ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

digestion, excretion, visual accommodation

- less widespread effects

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

ongoing control of the CV system and response to stressful situations
- effects are widespread

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3
Q

What are the features of ANS nerve pathways?

A
  • cell bodies lie in the CNS
  • synapse in ganglia
  • neurotransmitter is released to tissues from neuroeffector junctions
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4
Q

What neurotransmitters/receptors are involved in the main sympathetic pathway
- e.g. for blood vessels

A

at synapse: AcH binds nicotinic receptors

at tissue: Noradrenaline binds A/B receptors

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5
Q

What neurotransmitters/receptors are involved in sympathetic pathways for sweat glands?

A

at synapse: Ach binds nicotinic receptors

at tissue: AcH binds muscarinic receptors

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6
Q

What neurotransmitters/receptors are involved in sympathetic pathways on secretory cells
- e.g. adrenal medulla

A

at secretory cell: AcH binds nicotinic receptor
releases NA and adrenaline
-> acts on target alpha and beta receptors

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7
Q

What neurotransmitters/receptors are involved in the parasympathetic pathways?

A

at synapse: AcH binds nicotinic receptor

at tissue: AcH binds muscarinic receptor

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8
Q

What is the difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic synapses?

A

PNS have much longer pre-synaptic ganglia than SNS

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9
Q

What are the cholinergic receptors?

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

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10
Q

What type of receptor are muscarinic?

A

GPCRs

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11
Q

How many subtype re there of muscarinic receptor?

A

5

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12
Q

Where does the M2 receptor act?

A

cardiac

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13
Q

Where does the M3 receptor act?

A

smooth muscle and glands

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14
Q

What are the adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha 1/2 and beta 1-3

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15
Q

What is the action of alpha-1 receptors?

A

activates Gq

causes Ip3 & DAG to increase Ca2+

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16
Q

What is the action of alpha-2 receptors?

A

activates Gi

causes adenylate cyclase inhibition -> cAMP inhibition

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17
Q

How do beta adrenergic receptors act?

A

activate Gs

get increased cAMP

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18
Q

Where do beta-1 receptors act?

A

heart

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19
Q

Where do beta-2 receptors act?

A

vasculature and airways

20
Q

Where do beta-3 receptors act?

A

adipose and bladder

21
Q

What is NANC transmission?

A

release of other neruotransmitters along with Ach & NA/A

22
Q

How does NANC vasodilation occur?

A

NO and VIP release with Ach

23
Q

How does NANC vasoconstriction occur?

A

NPY and ATP released with NA

24
Q

What are the sympathetic effects?

A
  • increases HR
  • vasoconstriction of splanchnic circulation
  • vasodilation of cardiac arteries
  • renin release from kidney (increases BP)
  • increases blood glucose and FFAs
  • pupil dilation
  • bladder relaxation
  • piloerection
  • sweating
  • decreased GI motility
  • ejaculation
25
Q

What are the parasympathetic effects?

A
  • decreases HR
  • increases GI and peristalsis
  • bronchoconstriction
  • visual accommodation and pupil constriction
  • mictruition
  • erection
26
Q

Which of the ANS effects are antagonistic?

A
  • heart rate
  • pupil constriction/dilation
  • GI tract motility
  • detrusor muscle control
27
Q

What effects of the ANS are not antagonistic?

A
  • SNS arterial constriction
  • PNS exocrine secretion
  • SNS glucose increase
  • SNS renin secretion
28
Q

What dominates control of heart rate at rest?

A

PNS

29
Q

Is the heart rate higher or lower without ANS control?

A

higher

30
Q

Why does heart rate increase with age?

A

SNS control becomes more dominant

31
Q

What are the PNS effects on the heart?

A
  • inhibits SAN

- decreases AVN conduction velocity

32
Q

Does the PNS have an effect on peripheral resistance?

A

no, as few vascular beds have PNS innervation

33
Q

What is the PNS effect on non-vascular smooth muscle?

A

constriction

34
Q

What nerve stimulates mucus and GI secretion?

A

vagus

35
Q

What nerve stimulates salivary secretion?

A

facial and glossopharyngeal

36
Q

What nerve stimulates lacrimal gland secretion?

A

facial

37
Q

What nerve controls ciliary muscle contraction and pupil constriction?

A

oculomotor nerve s

38
Q

How is cholinergic transmission terminated?

A
  • breakdown in synapse by acetylcholinesterase

- diffusion away from synapse

39
Q

What is botox used to treat?

A

overactive bladder

40
Q

What transmission does the enteric nervous system mainly use?

A

NANC

41
Q

How does the ANS exert effects on the GI?

A

modulates the enteric nervous system

42
Q

What drug is used to treat MI, angina, hypertension etc?

A

beta-1 antagonists

- block SNS stimulation

43
Q

What drugs are used to treat asthma?

A

beta-2 agonists & muscarinic antagonists

44
Q

What drugs can treat an overactive bladder?

A

m3 and alpha-1 antagonists and b3 agonists

45
Q

What drugs can increase heart rate?

A

muscarinic antagonists

FBS1 (9 decks)

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