PPP and GNG and OxPhos

Question 1

Oxidative phase

Answer 1

first three steps; all are irreversible
two NADPH produced and CO2
G6P–>Ribulose 5 Phosphate

Question 2

Explain why we “lose” one GAP

Answer 2

If glycolysis were to occur we would produce 6 GAPs but in PPP we produce 6 NADPH, 3CO2, and 5 GAP

Question 3

What is NADPH used for

Answer 3

Detox:
used by Cyt P450 in s. intesting
Detoc ROS in RBC (ROS)

Question 4

Waht is Ribose 5 Phosphate used for

Answer 4

RNA/DNA
ATP
NADH/FAD
CoA

Question 5

pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 5

Adds CO2 to pyruvate
uses ATP to activate Bicarb for reaction to occur
biotin is prosthetic group that bind to CO2
Pyruvate –> OAA

Question 6

PEP carboxykinase

Answer 6

OAA –> PEP

Uses GTP and releases CO2

Question 7

malate/aspartate shuttle

Answer 7

How OAA gets across mitochondria membrane to cytosol for the rest of GNG
Both malate and aspartate can move across membrane so OAA changes to malate then changes back once it has exited

Question 8

Glucose 6 phosphatase

Answer 8

bypass 3

G6P –> Glucose

Question 9

fructose bis phosphatase

Answer 9

bypass 2

Fructose 16 bisphosphate –> F6P

Question 10

What is the cost of GNG

Answer 10

glycolysis produces net 2 ATP per glucose
GNG uses 2ATP and 2GTP (Bypass 1), 2ATP (PGK) = 6ATP
GNG gives a net loss of 4 ATP per round trip

Question 11

Cori Cycle

Answer 11

glycolysis in muscle to produce ATP when active
Also produces lactate
lactate goes to the liver where 
GNG occurs to produce glucose
glucose sent back to muscle for energy

Question 12

Oxygen Dept

Answer 12

The amount of Oxygen used in the muscle during the cori cycle

Question 13

Respiratory Control

Answer 13

• the electrochemical gradient of the H+ functions as a common intermediate linking oxidation (in the complexes) to phosphorylation (in ATP synthase)
• rate of respiration is controlled by the availability of ADP
• If ATP sythase is not running, H+ builds up on one side and prevents the redox reactions in the complexes from occuring

Question 14

Chemiosmotic theory

Answer 14

Electrochemical gradient is a required intermediate in coupling the exergonic reactions to the endergonic synthesis of ATP