PPP

Question 1

ANAESTHESIA OF EXOTIC PETS & BIRDS
Rabbits
Guinea pigs
Ferrets
B

Answer 1

PE, prep meds & equipment

Rabbits

• patency, hydration, no fast, marginal ear vein
• premed + O2
• otoscopic intubation + larynx spray
• IV/IM induction
• tube/mask maintenance
• Mx pulse oxi, BP, temp
• analgesia (local = lig / bupi ; postop = meloxi, bupre + heat & feeding)

Guinea pigs

• flush cheek pouches
• = rabbits but mask down
• postop: analgesia, heat, feeding

Ferrets

• short fast, measure Hct & BP, feed asa awake
• sedation - Ace/butorp
• induction - iso / alfaxan + larynx spray
• analgesia (meloxi/carp/bupre)

Parrots

• short fast, ensure empty crop
• sed: IM midazolam + butorphanol
• mask isof + T-piece tube w IPPV (hypercapnea & breath holding)

Reptiles

• weigh, muscle condition, HR, RR
• fast <3 days, warm to preferred temp
• analgesia: morphine/ methadone
• sed opioids
• ind IV propofol/alfaxan OR iso + ET tube & IPPV (non-rebreathing 2-4 breaths/min)
• Mx doppler on heart, capnography, cloacal / oes temp & fluids, reflexes (pedal withdrawl, corneal, righting, muscle tone)

Possum / koalas / wombats

• pillow/towel
• sed IM diazepam + bupre
• ind IM alfaxan
• main mask or IV alfaxan

Question 2

RER & DER

Assess nutritional qualities of food

Answer 2

RER
Dogs = 30(BW) + 70 OR 132 x BW^0.75
Cats = 80 x BW (active) OR 70 x BW (inactive)
DER = RER x life stages

Nutritional qualities of food

1. As fed
2. DM
3. g / 100 kcal ME
4. Digestibility

Weight Mx for hypothy
DGx
- CBC - non regen anaemia, high cholesterol
- TT4 - low
- fT4 - low
- TSH - high 
- Alt: US, scinti, biopsy
Tx
- levothyroxine 

Weight loss program

1. Recognition & collect dietary history
2. Diet - know actual calori intake - DER -> low carbs & fats, high protein & fibre (lose fat, maintain muscle, more satiety) + increase freq (satiety) => aim lose 1% BW / week
   - treats max 10% daily caloric intake
3. Exercise
4. Compliance - wt mx program

Question 3

PRUDENT USE OF ABS
General approach
ABs category & examples
Empirical ABs - what & factors contribute in selection?
When to culture?
Surg categories & ABs use 
Treating skin infection

Answer 3

Skin infection - staph pseudintermedius

• Surface pyoderma / hotspot
• topical
• Superficial
• Tx underlying dz & topical Tx
• Deep
• • cephalexin / clindamycin > 3weeks, 10days longer than signs

Cat bite abscesses - anaerobes (bacteroides, fuso), pasteurella, strep
* clean wound, amoxi / amoxicalv / doxy

Otitis
- cytology, clean ears, check tympanic memb

UTI - Ecoli

URT

• KC - no tx
• CF - doxy