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LPN week 1 > PPO lab 1 > Flashcards

PPO lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

when to wash hands

A

before & after patient contact
before clean or aseptic procedures
after actual or presumed contact with body fluids
after touching patient surroundings
when moving hand from contaminated body site to clean site
after glove removal

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2
Q

hands that are not visibly dirty should be ____ because_____

A

cleaned with alcohol based hand rub
takes less time, is more effective, less irritating to the hands

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3
Q

soap and water should be used when ___

A

hands are visibly dirty, before eating, after using restroom and after known exposure to bacteria

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4
Q

handwashing equipment

A

easy to reach sink, with warm running water
antimicrobial or regular soap
paper towel
disposable nail cleaner (optional)

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5
Q

what is antiseptic hand rub ?

A

alcohol based waterless antiseptic

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6
Q

natural tips of nails should be no longer than ?

A

0.625 cm

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7
Q

hand washing steps

A

apply waterless antiseptic to hands
rub hands thoroughly
turn on water
lather hands thoroughly (15 sec) (5 times circular motion)
wash fingernails
rinse hands and wrists thoroughly keeping hands down and elbows up
dry hands from fingers to wrists with paper towel

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8
Q

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

gloves, gowns, caps, masks, eyewear

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9
Q

vital signs include ..?

A

temperature, pulse, respirations, & blood pressure
+ pain assessment

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10
Q

what do vital signs indicate ?

A

ability of the body to regulate body temperature, oxygenate body tissues, maintain blood flow

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11
Q

temperature acceptable ranges

A

36-38 c (96.8- 100.4 F)

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12
Q

acceptable temp. ranges for
*oral/ tympanic
*rectal
*axillary

A

*37.0 c (98.6 F)
*37.5 c (99.5 F)
*36.5 c (97.7 F)

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13
Q

Pulse normal range (adult)

A

60-100 beats/min
*strong & regular

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14
Q

normal respirations (adult)

A

12-20 breaths/min
*deep & regular

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15
Q

normal range for blood pressure

A

systolic < 120 mm Hg
diastolic <80 mm Hg

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16
Q

normal range for pulse pressure

A

30-50 mm Hg

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17
Q

pulse oximetry normal range

A

SpO2: 95%- 100%

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18
Q

the change from lying to standing causes a ______ in ____ blood pressure of <15 mm Hg

A

decrease, systolic

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19
Q

electronic thermometer

A

separate probes available for oral, axillary (blue tip) and rectal (red tip)

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20
Q

tympanic thermometer

A

otoscope like speculum with infrared sensor tip that detects heat radiated from tympanic membrane of the ear

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21
Q

temporal artery thermometer

A

sweep across forehead and just behind ear

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22
Q

chemical dot single-use or reusable thermometers

A

thermometer consists of thin strip of plastic with a temperature sensor at one end that contains impregnated dots formulated to change color to reflect temperature reading

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23
Q

what factors can affect temperature

A

hormones (women are more prone to temp changes due to menstrual cycle/menopause & have a thicker layer of fat)

stress

environmental temperature (infants & older adults are more prone)

medications (drugs can impair or promote sweating, vasoconstriction, vasodilation or interfere with hypothalamus ability to regulate temp)

daily fluctuations (body temp changes from 0.9 to 1.8 F in 24 hr period, morning is lowest , 5-7pm is max then gradually falls back down )

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24
Q

diaphragm of stethoscope

A

placed firmly and securely to hear high pitched lung and bowel sounds

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25
the bell of stethoscope
placed lightly on the skin to hear low pitched vascular and heart sounds
26
factors that influence heart rate
age (birth 100-160 b/m, 2Y 70-120 b/m, 60-90 b/m adolescence +) exercise position changes (lying to sitting or standing can increase HR) medications (varies from medication can either increase or decrease HR) temperature (fever increases HR, hypothermia reduces HR) sympathetic stimulation (emotional stress, anxiety, fear stimulates sympathetic nervous system and increase HR)
27
bradycardia
pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min
28
tachycardia
pulse rate is greater than 100 beats/min
29
where do you get a pulse in adults ? in children ?
radial pulse in adults brachial pulse in infants
30
risk factors that can alternate pulse
history of heart disease cardiac dysrhythmia onset of sudden chest pain invasive cardiovascular diagnostic tests surgery large volume of IV fluid internal or external hemorrhage administration of medications that alter cardiac function
31
if patient has been active wait __ to __ minutes before assessing pulse
5 to 10 minutes
32
if patient has been smoking or ingesting caffeine wait __ minutes before assessing pulse
15 minutes
33
if pulse is regular count rate for __ seconds and ___ by __
30 seconds, multiply by 2
34
inspiration
diaphragm contracts, abdominal organs move downwards, chest cavity expands
35
expiration
diaphragm relaxes upward, ribs and sternum return to the relaxed position
36
factors that influence respirations
fever (increases oxygen demand, respiration increases in rate & depth) exercise (increase in rate & depth due to additional oxygen and rid of carbon dioxide) anxiety (due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation) disease/ trauma chest wall or muscles (can affect expiration and/or inspiration) constrictive chest, presence of chest tube, abdominal incisions/ dressing (can make it harder to breathe comfortably ) acute pain (pain increases oxygen demand & alters rate and rhythm) smoking (increased respiratory rate at rest due to change in pulmonary airways) medications ( medicines can either decrease or increase rate & depth) body position (slumped or laying positions impairs or prevents full chest expansion) neurological injury ( damage to brainstem impairs respiratory center & inhibits rate & rhythm) anemia, decreased hemoglobin (lower amount of oxygen carried in blood, which increases rate & depth)
37
symptoms of respiratory alterations
blue or cyanotic nail beds, lips, mucous membranes, & skin restlessness, irritability, confusion, reduced level of consciousness pain during inspiration labored or difficult breathing orthopnea use of accessory muscles abnormal breath sounds (wheezing etc.) copious sputum (thick mucus that's coughed up)
38
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
39
arterial blood gases (ABGs) normal ranges
pH, 7.35- 7.45 (blood pH) PaCO2, 35-45 mm Hg (blood level of carbon dioxide) HCO3 22-28 mEq/L (bicarbonate) PaO2 80-100 mm Hg (blood level of oxygen) SaO2 95% - 100% (oxygen saturation)
40
complete blood count (CBC) normal ranges
hemoglobin males 14-18 g/100mL hemoglobin females 12-16 g/100mL hematocrit males 42%- 52% hematocrit females 37%-47% RBC males 4.7-6.1 million/mm3 RBC female 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
41
bradypnea
respiratory rate is below 12 breaths/min
42
tachypnea
respiratory rate is above 20 breaths/min
43
korotkoff phases
phase 1 - a sharp thump phase 2 - a blowing or whooshing sound phase 3 - crisp intense tapping phase 4 - a softer blowing sound that fades phase 5 - silence
44
risk factors for blood pressure alterations
history of cardiovascular disease renal disease diabetes mellitus circulatory shock acute or chronic pain rapid IV infusion or blood products increased intracranial pressure postoperative status toxemia of pregnancy
45
symptoms of BP alterations
headaches (usually occipital) flushing of face, nosebleed, fatigue ( usually older adults) hypotension ( dizziness, mental confusion, restlessness, pale & cool skin
46
factors that influence BP
age (older patients BP increases due to presence of provider) gender (during or after menopause BP is higher than age group) daily *diurnal variation ( highest during the day 10am - 6pm, lowest early in the morning ) position (BP falls when person moves from lying to sitting or standing position) exercise (increase in O2 increases BP) weight (predictor of hypertension (high BP) sympathetic stimulation (pain, anxiety, fear increase BP) medications ( can lower BP) smoking (rise BP) ethnicity (higher BP in african american at young age, more severe, twice the risk, high related deaths) temperature (cold exposure increase systolic BP)
47
if the upper extremities are not available you can use the lower extremities for blood pressure. True or false?
true
48
proper cuff size for electronic monitor : small adult, adult, large adult, thigh
small adult : 17-25cm adult: 23-33 cm large adult: 31-40 cm thigh 38-50 cm
49
indication of diastolic pressure in adults vs children
beginning of fifth sound in adults distinct muffling sounds in children
50
signs and symptoms of alterations in oxygen saturation
altered respiratory rate, depth rhythm adventitious breath sounds cyanotic, nails, lips, mucous membrane, skin, restlessness difficulty breathing
51
factors that influence the measurement of oxygen saturation
oxygen therapy respiratory therapy (postural drainage & percussion) hemoglobin level hypotension temperature nail polish (black or brown) medications (ex: bronchodilators)
52
average respiratory rate for newborns, toddlers (2y) and children
newborn: 30 to 60 breaths/min toddlers: 24- 40 breaths/min children: 18-30 breaths/min
53
assess respiratory rate before other vital signs and temperature last for children true or false
true
54
equipment for blood glucose
antiseptic swab cotton ball lancet device (self activating or button activating) blood glucose meter blood glucose test strips clean gloves paper towel
55
steps for using glucose meter
load test strip into meter prick side of finger with lancet gently squeeze puncture site until drop of blood forms touch test strip to blood drop results appear on meter screen
56
Pasero opioid sedation scale (POSS)
S : sleep, easy to arouse 1: awake & alert 2: slightly drowsy, easily aroused 3: frequently drowsy, arousable, drifts off to sleep during convo 4: somnolent, minimal or no response to physical touch
57
PQRSTU
Provocative/palliative factors : "what makes pain better or worse" (identifies nature and source of pain & what patient uses to reduce pain) Quality: "tell me what your pain feels like" (helps determine underlying pain mechanism) Region/radiation "show me everywhere your pain is" identifies location of pain Severity "on a scale of 1 to 10 how much does it hurt" (may be determined by a numerical scale, categorical scale or pictorial scale) Timing "how long, how often, is it constant, does it increase or decrease ?" (may reveal source of pain and if its chronic or acute) U "how is pain affecting you and your day to day activities, relationships, enjoyment of life? (provides baseline info to see how interventions make an effect)
58
splinting decreases movement and subsequent pain during activity true or false
true
59
relaxation and the power of the mind
progressive muscle relaxation breathing exercises music relaxation visual imagery yoga
60
put your body to work
exercise pacing conserving energy body mechanics
61
spirituality and reflection
engaging in religious practices humor setting aside time to focus on what is talk about your stress with others journaling praying
62
what to do when pain flares
cold & hot therapies hand & foot massage herbals

LPN week 1 (5 decks)

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