PPN101: Week 1 - 4 (Short Answer) Flashcards
Who is Florence Nightingale, and what are her contributions to nursing?
Florence Nightingale is considered the first nursing researcher, scholar, and theorist. She believed nursing was both an art and a science and laid the foundation for modern nursing practices.
Who was Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture, and why is she significant in Canadian nursing history? what year?
Charlotte Edith Anderson Monture was the first Indigenous nurse in Canada, becoming a registered nurse in 1914.
What was Bernice Redmon’s contribution to nursing, and what barrier did she face in Canada?
Bernice Redmon was the first Black nurse in Canada in 1945. She faced racial barriers that prevented her from attending nursing school in Canada in the 1940s.
When did Canada begin to admit Black nurses?
Canada began admitting Black nurses in the late 1940s.
What is the significance of the CNA, and when was it established?
The CNA (Candian Nurses Association) provides knowledge of nursing history and helps new nurses. It was established in 1908.
Describe the public image of nurses during the mid-1800s through World War I.
Nurses were seen as “Angels of Mercy”—noble, religious, virginal, and self-sacrificing figures.
What was the “Mother” image of nurses from 1945-1965?
After World War II, nurses were portrayed as nurturing and family-oriented, aligning with post-war family values.
How did the public image of nurses change post-mid-1960s?
Nurses began to be depicted as “sex symbols,” characterized as sensual, romantic, and sometimes promiscuous.
What is the current image of nurses described as “The Careerist”?
Nurses today are seen as intelligent, logical, and assertive professionals with less emphasis on traditional gender roles.
How have social, economic, and political factors influenced the public image of nursing over time?
These factors have shifted the image of nurses from virtuous caregivers to sexualized figures and, more recently, to competent professionals.
What strategies can be used to promote an accurate and inclusive image of nursing today?
Strategies include showcasing diverse nursing roles, emphasizing the skill and professionalism of nurses, and countering stereotypes in the media.
What are the main differences between phenomenology and critical social theory (CST) in nursing?
Phenomenology focuses on understanding people’s experiences and perspectives, while CST examines social inequities and asks “why” to uncover power imbalances and challenges.
How does critical social theory relate to social justice in nursing?
CST promotes social justice by advocating for the marginalized and addressing inequities in healthcare, aiming for fairness (equity) rather than strict equality.
What are the five types of knowing in nursing, and how do they contribute to reflective practice?
Empirical knowing: Based on observation and the senses.
Ethical knowing: Understanding right and wrong.
Personal knowing: Knowledge from personal relationships.
Aesthetic knowing: Perspective gained through creativity (art, music storytelling, etc)
Emancipatory knowing: Advocating for social justice and equity.
List the seven core values of the nursing profession.
1) Safe care
2) Promoting health
3) Justice
4) Informed decision-making
5) Dignity
6) Confidentiality
7) Accountability
What is the role of the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) and who do they protect?
The CNO (College of nurses Ontario) is responsible for protecting the public by regulating nursing practice and ensuring safe, ethical care.
What is meant by ‘equity, not equality’ in relation to social justice in nursing?
Answer: Equity refers to providing care that meets individual needs, while equality would mean treating everyone the same, regardless of their unique situations.
Describe the three levels of critical thinking competencies according to Kataoka-Yahiro (1994).
Basic: Relying on guidelines and resources like manuals and coworkers.
Complex: Recognizing that multiple solutions exist and becoming more independent.
Commitment: Fully committing to decisions and taking responsibility for outcomes.
What are the 5 components of the nursing process, and how do they relate to critical thinking?
The nursing process includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Each step requires critical thinking to analyze information and make informed decisions.
What barriers might a nurse face in developing strong critical thinking skills?
Barriers include stereotypes, personal attitudes, habits, and conflicts between personal and professional values.
How does the synthesis of critical thinking and the nursing process work in clinical practice?
Nurses integrate knowledge, standards, attitudes, and experiences to apply critical thinking in each phase of the nursing process, leading to better clinical decision-making.
How does ethical reasoning integrate with critical thinking in nursing?
Ethical reasoning requires nurses to examine their own values and those of the profession, helping them make morally sound decisions while providing care.
What are the 5 stages of (Benners model) for skill acquisition?
1)Novice - no professional experience
2) Beginner - some knowledge, narrow focus
3) Competent - understanding, with support
4) Proficient - Perceiving situations as a whole
5)Expert - Really understand a patient’s situation
Name the 6 cognitive skills required for clinical decision making.
1) Interpretation - Look for patterns to categorize data.
2) Analysis - Ask what scenarios about a patient are revealed by the data.
3) Inference - examine meanings and relationships in the data
4) Evaluation - Use criteria to determine effectiveness
5) Explanation - Support your findings and conclusions.
6) Self regulation - Identify how you can improve your own performance.
Name the 7 critical thinking dispositions requires for clinical decision in nursing.
1) Truth seeking - learn what is actually happening in a situation.
2) Open mindedness - Open to hearing new ideas.
3) Analytical - Determine the significance of a situation.
4) Systematicalicity - Be organized and focused in data collection.
5) Self confidence - Trusting your own reasoning, ask questions when uncertain.
6) inquisitiveness – Actively seek new knowledge.
7) Maturity - Being able to recognize that other possibilities are worth considering.
Discuss the relationship between the Kataoka-Yahiro and Benner models?
The Kataoka-Yahiro model shows how nurses’ critical thinking develops, matching Benner’s stages of skill growth from beginner to expert.
What is a paradigm and what does it have to do with nursing?
A pattern of shared understanding of thinking (belief). In nursing, it is a world view.
(ex: people believed that the earth is flat)
What is a paradigm shift?
a change in our way of understanding in the world (people eventually recognized that the earth was round)
What is a metaparadigm?
What a discipline focuses on. (broad). Even if paradigms change, the metaparadigm stays the same as it is broad.
What are the 5 metaparadigm concepts?
- Nursing
- Social justice
- Health
- Environment
- Person
Why is nursing both art and science?:
Nursing combines scientific knowledge with compassionate, personalized care.
