PPE Flashcards
is a strategy used by electricity utilities tocontrol demand by encouraging consumers to modify their level and pattern of electricity usage.
Demand Side Management(DSM)
is a strategy used by electricity utilities tocontrol demand by encouraging consumers to modify their level and pattern of electricity usage.
Demand Side Management(DSM)
Why is demand side management important?
because they canhelp users become more efficient, thereby saving energy. Energy savings, in turn, results in bothlower costs and a benefit to the environmentin terms of lower emissions.
What are the benefits of demand side management?
Firstly, it helpsreduce market prices for electricityby freeing the utility from the expense of building backup (and sometimes fossil-fueled) plants that are brought online to cope with peak demand
It reduces the costs of managing the electricity grid
By smoothing out demand, it results in a more efficient and dependable electricity network
What are the benefits of demand side management?
Firstly, it helpsreduce market prices for electricityby freeing the utility from the expense of building backup (and sometimes fossil-fueled) plants that are brought online to cope with peak demand
It reduces the costs of managing the electricity grid
By smoothing out demand, it results in a more efficient and dependable electricity network
Ways to save energy
- Unplug appliances when not in used
- Install LED lights
Ways to save energy
- Unplug appliances when not in used
- Install LED lights
Ways to save energy
- Unplug appliances when not in used
- Install LED lights
What is a mechanical power plant?
A power plant isan industrial facility used to generate.electric power with the help of one or more generators which converts different energy sources into electric power.
At the core of the power plant, there isa generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by creating an interplay between the conductor and the magnetic field. In most power plants, one or more generators are used to convert mechanical energy into electrical power.
Power Plants Parts
- Furnace
- Boiler
- Turbine
- Generator
- Cooling Tower
Power Plants Parts
- Furnace
- Boiler
- Turbine
- Generator
- Cooling Tower
The fuel is burned in a giant furnace to release heat energy
Furnace
heat from the furnace flows around pipes full of cold water. The heat boils the water and turns it into steam
Boiler
The steam flows at high-pressure around a wheel that’s a bit like a windmill made of tightly packed metal blades. The blades start turning as the steam flows past. Known as a steam turbine, this device is designed to convert the steam’s energy into kinetic energy (the energy of something moving). For the turbine to work efficiently, heat must enter it at a really high temperature and pressure and leave at as low a temperature and pressure as possible.
Turbine
The turbine is linked by an axle to a generator, so the generator spins around with the turbine blades. As it spins, the generator uses the kinetic energy from the turbine to make electricity
Generator
The turbine is linked by an axle to a generator, so the generator spins around with the turbine blades. As it spins, the generator uses the kinetic energy from the turbine to make electricity
Generator
The giant, jug-shaped at old power plants make the turbine more efficient. Boiling hot water from the steam turbine is cooled in a heat exchanger called a condenser. Then it’s sprayed into the giant cooling towers and pumped back for reuse. Most of the water condenses on the walls of the towers and drips back down again. Only a small amount of the water used escapes as steam from the towers themselves, but huge amounts of heat and energy are lost.
Cooling tower
The giant, jug-shaped at old power plants make the turbine more efficient. Boiling hot water from the steam turbine is cooled in a heat exchanger called a condenser. Then it’s sprayed into the giant cooling towers and pumped back for reuse. Most of the water condenses on the walls of the towers and drips back down again. Only a small amount of the water used escapes as steam from the towers themselves, but huge amounts of heat and energy are lost.
Cooling tower
Types of Power Plant
- Thermal Power Plant
- Nuclear Power Plant
- Hydro Power Plant
- Solar Power Plant
- Wind Power Plant
Types of Power Plant
- Thermal Power Plant
- Nuclear Power Plant
- Hydro Power Plant
- Solar Power Plant
- Wind Power Plant
a facility that converts atomic energy into usable power. In a nuclear electric power plant, heat produced by a reactor is generally used to drive a turbine which in turn drives an electric generator.
Nuclear Power Plant
isa renewable source of energy that generates power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter the natural flow of a river or other body of water.
Hydro Power Plant
a utility-scale commercial facility that converts sunlight into electricity, whether by photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar thermal devices (CST), or various experimental solar technologies, for the primary purpose of wholesale or retail sales of generated electricity.
Solar Power Plant
a utility-scale commercial facility that converts sunlight into electricity, whether by photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar thermal devices (CST), or various experimental solar technologies, for the primary purpose of wholesale or retail sales of generated electricity.
Solar Power Plant
used for the generation of electricity in high wind area with the help of wind turbines. Almost 2% of the solar energy coming to the earth is converted into wind energy.
Wind Power Plant
used for the generation of electricity in high wind area with the help of wind turbines. Almost 2% of the solar energy coming to the earth is converted into wind energy.
Wind Power Plant
a type of power station in which heat energy is converted to electrical energy. In a steam-generating cycle heat is used to boil water in a large pressure vessel to produce high-pressure steam, which drives a steam turbine connected to an electrical generator.
Thermal Power Plant
also referred as “Control system”. A system that is used to control or regulate the output of the other system is called control system. This is also a group or collection of different systems and blocks.
Electronic System
Every electronic device we use in our daily life is one type of system. The systems working depending up on electronic variables like power or voltage or current is known as
Electronic System
is a physical interconnection of components, or parts, that gathers various amounts of information together. It does this with the aid of input devices such as sensors, that respond in some way to this information and then uses electrical energy in the form of an output action to control a physical process or perform some type of mathematical operation on the signal.
Electronic System
is a physical interconnection of components, or parts, that gathers various amounts of information together. It does this with the aid of input devices such as sensors, that respond in some way to this information and then uses electrical energy in the form of an output action to control a physical process or perform some type of mathematical operation on the signal.
Electronic System
also referred to as apower plantand sometimesgenerating stationorgenerating plant, is an industrial facility for thegenerationofelectric power. Are generally connected to anelectrical grid.
Power Station
also referred to as apower plantand sometimesgenerating stationorgenerating plant, is an industrial facility for thegenerationofelectric power. Are generally connected to anelectrical grid.
Power Station
How does electronic system apply on power plant?
IT IS STATED THAT ELECTRONIC SYSTEM OR ALSO KNOWN AS CONTROL SYSTEM. THE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM ARE THE ONE THAT AUTOMATICALLY MONITOR THE FLOW OF THE POWER PLANT FOR EASIER CONTROL.
There are different names for the network, but often it is referred to as
Data Highway
There are different names for the network, but often it is referred to as
Data Highway
It connects sensors and controllers across the plant to the control room using digital signals instead of electrical or pneumatic signals.
Data Highway
It can easily be set up to replace these individual lines with transducers that collect multiple types of data from one connection and process that through digital signals to the data highway
Digital Control System
It can easily be set up to replace these individual lines with transducers that collect multiple types of data from one connection and process that through digital signals to the data highway
Digital Control System
It is composed of electrical disconnect switches , fuses or circuit breakers, to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.
Switch gear
It is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply.
Switch Gear
It is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply.
Switch Gear
-For protection, which is interruption of short-circuit and overload fault current while maintaining service to unaffected circuits.
-Provides isolation of circuits from power supplies.
-Allows more than one source to feed the load.
Basic functionality of switch gear
Switch gear components
- Power Conducting Components
- Control System
Switch gear components
- Power Conducting Components
- Control System
switches, circuit breakers, fuses, and lightning arrestors, that conduct or interrupt the flow of electrical power
Power-Conducting Components
control panels, current transformers, potential transformers, protective relays, that monitor, control, and protect the power-conducting components
Control Systems
control panels, current transformers, potential transformers, protective relays, that monitor, control, and protect the power-conducting components
Control Systems
6 Main Types of Switch Gear
- Oil Circuit Breaker/Switch Gear
- Air Insulated Switchgear
- Gas Insulated Switchgear
- Hybrid Switchgear
- Vacuum Switchgear
- Carbon Dioxide Switchgear
Oldest type of circuit breaker
Oil Circuit Breaker/Switchgear
Oldest type of circuit breaker
Oil Circuit Breaker/Switchgear
A protection device used for short circuit and overcurrent protection up to 15kV with ampere rating of 800A to 10kA.
Uses air-blast as an arc quenching medium
Air Insulated Switchgear
Stretches the arc using a magnetic field,
Rely upon the dielectric strength of the pressurized sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6 gas) to quench the stretched arc.
Gas Insulated Switchgear
Stretches the arc using a magnetic field,
Rely upon the dielectric strength of the pressurized sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6 gas) to quench the stretched arc.
Gas Insulated Switchgear
Combines the components of traditional air-insulated switchgear (AIS) and SF6 gas-insulated switchgear technologies
Compact and modular design, which encompasses several different functions in one module
Hybrid Switchgear
Has minimal arcing characteristics, so the arc quenches when it is stretched by a small amount (<2-8mm)
Frequently used in modern medium-voltage switchgear to 40,500 volts.
Unsuitable for breaking high DC voltages
Vacuum Switchgear
Breakers that use carbon dioxide as the insulating and arc extinguishing medium
Switching from SF6 to CO2, it is possible to reduce the greenhouse emissions by 10 tons during the product lifecycle.
Carbon Dioxide Switchgear
Breakers that use carbon dioxide as the insulating and arc extinguishing medium
Switching from SF6 to CO2, it is possible to reduce the greenhouse emissions by 10 tons during the product lifecycle.
Carbon Dioxide Switchgear
is the process of measuring the total power consumed over a time interval, utilized by the electric consumers or any electrically powered device
Metering
An electrical device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, business establishments, and electric devices.
Electric meter/energy meter
use electric meters installed at customer’s premises for billing and monitoring purposes
Electric Utilities
use electric meters installed at customer’s premises for billing and monitoring purposes
Electric Utilities
most common billing units
Kilowatt-Hour
most common billing units
Kilowatt-Hour
Allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost periods
Time-of-Day Metering
