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comp sci ♡!! > ppe > Flashcards

ppe Flashcards

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1
Q

The component that holds instructions and data for programs waiting to be run by the CPU.

A

RAM (Random Access Memory)

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2
Q

Identify the type of memory used to make up for the difference in speed of two internal components.

A

Cache

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3
Q

Define the stored program concept.

A

The stored program concept is the design of computer architecture by John von Neumann which allows for programming instructions and data to be stored together in main memory (RAM) making a computer multipurpose.

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4
Q

Which type of bus is unidirectional?

A

Address bus.

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5
Q

What does the address bus carry?

A

The address of the memory location.

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6
Q

What does the data bus hold?

A

The value being read from or written to memory.

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7
Q

What does the control bus carry?

A

Command signals from the control unit to the other components.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the CPU (and what does it stand for)?

A

The CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. It is the hardware device that carries out the processing in a computer.

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9
Q

Describe the fetch-decode-execute cycle.

A

FETCH: The control unit places the memory address of the next instruction on the address bus. It sends a read signal to the RAM along the control bus. The RAM receives the signal and copies the content of the memory location indicated by the address bus onto the data bus.

DECODE: The control unit analyses the contents of the register and sends signals to the other parts of the CPU telling them what to do.

EXECUTE: The instructins given are completed by the CPU.

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10
Q

What is the ALU and what does it do?

A

ALU stands for arithmetic logic unit and is the part of the CPU that performs calculations and logic operations.

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11
Q

What is the role of the control unit?

A

The control unit decodes instructions from main memory and coordinates the actions of the other parts of the CPU in order to execute them.

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12
Q

RAM vs ROM?

A

RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is a temporary storage for data and instructions. It is volatile and so it’s contents are lost when the computer loses power.

ROM stands for Read-Only Memory and can’t be altered. It is non-volatile meaning its contents are retained when the computer loses power.

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13
Q

Give two examples of optical storage.

A

CD, DVD.

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14
Q

Give two examples of magnetic storage.

A

Hard disk, magnetic tape drive.

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15
Q

Give two examples of solid-state storage.

A

SD Cards, USB memory stick.

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16
Q

Why does a computer need secondary storage?

A

To permanently store data and programs that are not lost when the computer loses power.

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17
Q

How is data physically stored on an optical disk?

A

It is stored as a series of pits and lands on the surface of a disk. A pit represents the value 0 and a land represents the value 1.

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18
Q

What are two benefits of wired networks?

A

Wired networks give faster connection speed and decrease the amount of interference on the network connected.

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19
Q

What are two benefits of wireless networks?

A

Wireless networks allow greater flexibility in adding devices to the network and are cheaper to install.

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20
Q

What is the equation for file size?

A

File size (bits) = time (s) / speed (bps)

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21
Q

How do you convert bits to kilobits, kilobits to megabits and megabits to gigabits?

A

Multiply by 1000.

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22
Q

How do you convert bits to bytes, bytes to kibibytes, kibibytes to mebibytes, mebibytes to gibibytes and gibibytes to tebibytes.

A

Bits -> bytes = *8
Anything else *1024.

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23
Q

State what an ‘algorithm’ is.

A

An algorithm is a sequence of steps to perform a specific task.

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24
Q

What is an arithmetic operator?

A

An operator used to perform a calculation on two (or more) numbers, e.g addition (+), subtraction (-), etc.

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25
Q

What is a network?

A

An arrangement of two or more computers connected together to share resources and data.

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26
Q

List three things that a network allows multiple users to do.

A

Including but not limited to…
- share data files with each other
- share an internet connection and internet services
- share hardware devices

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27
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The measure of the capacity of a network - the maximum volume of data that can be transferred per second.

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28
Q

What is latency?

A

aka lag, the time between the data being transmitted and the moment it reaches its destination.

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29
Q

What’s the difference between binary and two’s complement in tables?

A

In binary, 128 is just 128. In two’s complement, 128 is -128.

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30
Q

How do you convert from binary to denary and back?

A

128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1 table.

31
Q

How do you convert from binary to hexadecimal and back?

A

Split the binary in half and convert to denary using a 8|4|2|1 table. Then convert the denary to hexadecimal.

Remember: hexadecimal is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 then A,B,C,D,E,F

32
Q

How to convert from hexadecimal to denary?

A

Use a 16|1 table. Put the first digit of the hexadecimal value under 16 and the second digit under 1. Then multiply by the respective numbers and add the results.

33
Q

How to convert denary to hexadecimal?

A

Divide the denary by 16. Hold onto the remainder and divide the result by 16 until you no longer have a result.

34
Q

What are the rules of adding binary numbers?

A

0+0 = 0
0+1 = 1
1+1 = 0 carry 1
1+1+1 = 1 carry the 1

35
Q

What is a variable?

A

A variable is a container used to store data. The data stored within the variable is a value and isn’t fixed. Therefore, the same variable can store different values at any given time.

36
Q

What is a constant?

A

A holder of a value that never changes.

37
Q

What is a similarity of variables and constants?

A

They both have unique identifiers.

38
Q

What is an identifier?

A

A unique name given to a variable or a constant. For example, hateCompsci

39
Q

Give three examples of relational operators.

A

Including but not limited to…
- == equal to
- > greater than
- != not equal to

40
Q

Give the three types of logical operators.

A

AND, OR & NOT.

41
Q

What is a LAN?

A

A Local Area Network covers a relatively small area and computers and other hardware devices are connected by cable or wireless.

42
Q

What is a WAN?

A

A Wide Area Network spans multiple sites over a large geographical area using a variety of transmission media to connect LANs together. The external communication links used to connect the separate parts of a WAN are owned and maintained by telecommunication companies. They are paid.

43
Q

How many bits does ASCII contain?

A

7 bits. Not enough to generate enough binary patterns to represent every letter and symbol ever.

44
Q

What is extended ASCII?

A

An 8 bit version of ASCII. It still does not fix og ASCII’s problem.

45
Q

What is unicode?

A

A method of representing data that allows more characters to be used.

46
Q

What is a bitmap?

A

A digital image composed of pixels.

47
Q

How do you calculate how many pixels are used to represent an image?

A

width * height = pixel image size

48
Q

Give two advantages for the star network topology.

A

Including but not limited to…
- Nodes can be added and removed without having to take the entire network offline.
- If the network is wired, one damaged cable doesn’t halt the entire network, just the connected device.

49
Q

Give two disadvantages for the mesh network topology.

A
  • Installation is extremely difficult in the mesh.
  • It’s expensive compared to other network topologies.
50
Q

Give two disadvantages for the bus network topology.

A
  • If the cable is cut of damaged, the entire network is offline.
  • All nodes on the network ‘see’ all data traffic, which can be a security risk.
51
Q

List the four data types.

A

Integer (numbers w/remainders), float (numbers w/decimals, boolean (yes/no) and string (text!)

52
Q

What is declaration?

A

The process of allocating memory to a variable based on its data type.

53
Q

What is initialisation?

A

The process of assignment of an initial value to a variable.

54
Q

How do you calculate the file size of an audio?

A

File size = sample rate (hz) * bit depth (bits) * time (s)

55
Q

What is a compiler?

A

A translator that converts high-level language source code into machine code all at once.

56
Q

What is an interpreter?

A

A translator that converts high-level language source code into machine code, one line at a time WHILE the program is being executed.

57
Q

What is machine code?

A

The binary code representing each of the instructions in a CPU’s instruction set.

58
Q

What is a high-level coding language?

A

A programming language that resembles human language that enables the programmer to write code independent of a particular CPU architecture.

59
Q

What is a low-level coding language?

A

A programming language closer to machine code that requires detailed knowledge of CPU architecture.

60
Q

What is a translator and what does it do?

A

A translator is a program that converts source code that is in a high-level language into machine code.

61
Q

List the three main types of errors.

A

Syntax errors, logic errors and runtime errors.

62
Q

When does a type error occur?

A

When a programmer instructs the computer to do an operation but provides incompatible data type.

63
Q

What is a name error?

A

The error you get for using an invalid variable name.

64
Q

List the three main types of software.

A

Operating system, application software and utility software.

65
Q

What are the two main functions of the OS?

A
  • It enables the hardware to communicate effectively with the software
  • Provides an interface for users to interact with the computer.
66
Q

What is a scheduling algorithm?

A

An algorithm used to allocate each process running on a computer a share of the CPU’s time.

67
Q

Name three scheduling algorithms and how they work.

A

First in, first out: Processes cue in the order they came in and get to use the CPU until they’re finished or are held up waiting for another resource, like a printer.
Shortest job first: The process closest to finish goes next.
Round-robin: Each process gets a time slice and waits for it in a queue. They get time with the CPU during their time slice and then must wait again for their turn if not finished. Higher priority processes get more time slices.

68
Q

What is virtual memory?

A

An area of secondary storage used by the OS to extend a computer’s main memory.

69
Q

List three types of US tools.

A

Including but not limited to:
- File repair
- Backup
- Anti-malware

70
Q

What are the two main types of user interface?

A

Graphical User Interface and Command Line Text Interface.

71
Q

What is data compression?

A

It’s when a file is compressed to reduce file size, freeing up storage space and speeding up its transfer across networks. Often used for audio and video files which are can be huge.

72
Q

What is lossless compression?

A

Compression of a file which retains all data when decompressed.

73
Q

What is lossy compression?

A

Compression of a file that has some of the data permanently removed.

74
Q

When you complete logical binary shifts, what do you fill the empty spaces with?

A

Zeroes.

comp sci ♡!! (5 decks)

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