P.P.B Flashcards
Sunscreen should be applied when?
15-30 minutes before going in the sun
What is the best type of wave to surf?
The best type of wave to surf is spilling wave
How do you identify a rip?
Foam,brown water, surfers are using it debris flowing out to sea
What are the types of rips and what are their characteristics?
Permanent, months / years found at headland or piers
Fixed, last from hours to months- sand based hole or gully
Flash, temporary, caused by large surf build up
Traveling, propelled along the beach by strong “side sweeps” or “littoral currents”
If you get a soft tissue injury in the wilderness, how do you treat?
Cold water, stream or lake
What are the types of buoyancy?
Negative, neutral, positive
When snorkeling How do you equalize?
Wiggle your jaw, yawn, swallow, pinch nose and blow
What does DRSABCD stand for?
Danger, response, send for help, check for open airways, breathing, CPR, defibrillation
How do you treat a wasp and bee sting?
With a bee flick out/ remove the stinger and apply ice to the affected area.
With a wasp put ice on the affected area
What are the types of waves?
Surging, spilling, dumper/plunging,
What are plunging or dumping waves
They are very dangerous -‘cause of lots of spinal injuries
Facts on spilling waves
The ones you catch whilst surfing
Facts of surging waves
Surging waves don’t break
90% of rescues are from ?
Rips?
How to escape rips
Do not panic
Ride the rip out from the beach
Swim parallel to the shore 30- 40 meters in direction of ocean currents
Return to shore when conditions allow
If can’t escape rip
Signal for assistance
Conserve energy float on back
Def of a tide
A tide is the rising and falling of the water level/ the ocean
How many high and low tides occur in a bit over 24 hours
2 high tides and 2 low tides
What moves ocean water?
Wind, earthquakes, plate tectonics,
Though the dominant force is the gravitational pull from the sun and the moon
Why does the moons gravitational pull affect the oceAn water so much?
Because water is a liquid and so is manipulated very easily
Out of blue bottle, weedy sea dragon, box jelly fish and flat head, which are NOT found in ppb
Box jelly, blue bottle
What’s the 30/30 lightning rule?
Go indoors, if after seeing lightning you can’t count to 30 before hearing thunder, as this means it is close.
Stay indoors for 30 mins after hearing the last clap of thunder
Before entering water?
Always check the depth, never dive in without checking
Why do wetsuits help us float?
Because the neoprene foam is filled with gas, provides more buoyancy
What are ideal surf conditions?
A light to moderate offshore wind
What does a Beaufort scale show?
How intense the wind is
What is a rip?
A rip is the water trying to find an equilibrium- an even level of water
What does the hand signal of one hand up mean?
To come back Into shore
How to treat a sting when on the outside of skin and when penetrated skin
When on the outside of skin, apply ice
If penetrated apply hot soapy water
How do strong swimmers escape rips?
On a 45 degree angle back to shore
What are isobars? And where are they found?
Isobars are lines of equal atmospheric pressure, these are shown on a meteorological Map. Each line passes through a pressure of a given value
What can air pressure be measured In? And what object do you use to measure
MmHg- millimeters of mercury
You use a barometer to measure air pressure
Which way does air flow around a low pressure system?
Clockwise
Which way does are flow around a high pressure system?
Anti- clockwise
What does it mean if the lines on a weather map are close?
That the speed of the wind will be very strong
What do shaded areas on a Map mean?
The rainfall in the last 24 hours
Factors for minimal impact:
Respect the environment
Not littering, cleaning up after ourselves
Leave area better then found it
Don’t wreck plants
Stick to paths
Spread water when throwing it out- cross sectional area
Think about where we set up camp
What things should we think about when setting up camp?
Is it a safe area? Under trees etc
Is it on a hill? Or flat ground? If on hill sleep with head facing up
Make sure not to camp in a valley- water may flood campsite if it rains
Clear area before setting up- so it’s more comfy to sleep
Don’t choose a really rocky area
What do do if you get lost
Blow whistle 3 times with a 30 sec break- 1 minute in between the whistles
Stay where you are
If no one comes for you you can use nature and the resources you have to set up camp- eg under a tree for shelter from wind / rain etc, can use leaves for more warmth or comfy bed to sleep on.
Put foil in about a 30 m radius from where you are, as people may see the foil shining and find you
To not get lost ensure that…
The whip can see the leader
If the whip can’t then pass on a message to slow down.
What determines how often tides occur?
Where the moon is around the earth determines how often tides occur and the size of them
What is a spring tide? How does it occur
A spring tide happens on a new or full moon, this is when the sun moon and earth are all in alignment. This is creates bigger high tides
What is a Neip tide and how does it occur?
A Neip tide is when the high tide isn’t as high, this occurs when the sun and moon are at right angles to earth.
What is the main species of dolphin in ppb?
Bottle nosed dolphin
How were the northern pacific sea stars introduced into the bay?
Introduced through ship trafficking through the port of Melbourne
What the signs of drowning?
Climbing the ladder, or splashing about looking distressed
If a patient grabs hold of you what do you do?
Submerge yourself in the water and break away from them, then signal for assistance
1:50000 on a topography map means
500 m per 1cm on the map
Contour lines represent what?
The elevation on a map, they show elevation
What wave never breaks?
A surging wave
Rest Ice Compression Elevation Referral - what do we use ricer for?
We use ricer mostly for soft tissue injuries
6 figure grid reference points-
North- is the horizontal bottom line, east or easting is the vertical line
The north is always written first
In this example 207834 the north is 20 and then there is the 7th of the twenty- so it’s more exact, then the easting is 83 with the 4th
Man made vs natural features
Man made: walking track, four wheel driving tracks,
Natural: streams, lakes, bushland,
How to avoid blisters?
Wear thick socks, good walking / hiking shoes
Items in first aid kit- must have 8
Detol, band aids, cleansing sanitary wipes, sterile gauze dressings, safety pins, bandages, disposable sterile gloves , tweezers/ scissors
Risk management plan for overnight hike
Make sure you have everything you need, pack light but make sure you have everything you need, be careful when choosing foods to pack : eg meats, cheeses etc. choose campsite safely, think of safety, always keep updated with weather, so you know whether it’s still safe to camp etc
