Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Botox > PP1 > Flashcards

PP1 Flashcards

1
Q

Physiologic or Intrinsic Aging

A
  • Age 25 - 50: Dynamic to static
    wrinkle transition
  • Age 50+: Collagen degradation
    decrease in collagen content in dermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Photoaging or Extrinsic Aging

A
  • All ages
  • UV exposure results in photoaging

– Manifests as wrinkles, lentigines, hyperpigmentation

  • Sun exposure: responsible for 80% of facial aging – UV radiation directly induces collagen breakdown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Retinol (OTC)

A
  • 20-fold less potent than tretinoin (dermal concentration 1000 fold less than tretinoin)
  • Must be converted to tretinoin in vivo to become biologically active
  • No significant trials have supported efficacy, in contrast to tretinoin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid)

A
  • Naturally occuring vitamin A derivative
  • Activates all RAR pathways (alpha, beta, gamma)
  • Available by prescription only
  • Approved by the FDA (Large body of evidence)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tretinoin Pathway

A
  • Effects are mediated through binding the nuclear
    retinoid acid receptor (RARs) localized to specific
    chromosomes - alpha (epidermis), beta (dermis),
    and gamma (epidermis).
  • Regulate gene
    expression directly on DNA.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tretinoin Effects

A
  • Increases collagen production: Induces types I and III
    procollagen gene expression in human skin - results
    increased deposition of collagen fibrils in dermis
  • Reduces collagen and elastin breakdown by inhibiting
    MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), UV exposure upregulates expression of these collagenases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Tretinoin minimize fine lines?

A

Due to increased collagen
production and collagen breakdown (via MMP
inhibition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Tretinoin even skin tone?

A

Causing dispersion of the
melanin granules in the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Tretinoin smooth texture?

A

Adjusting skin histology
(epidermal hyperplasia), increasing GAGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does tretinoin decrease acne?

A

Prevents exfoliated keratinocytes from sticking together, decreased sebaceous gland activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peachy retinoid ingredients (4)

A
  • Tretinoin
  • HA
  • Vitamin C
  • Niacinamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Level 1 retinoid

A

0.015%
(prior level 1 - 0.015%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Level 2 retinoid

A

0.03%
(prior level 2 - 0.025%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Level 3 retinoid

A

0.06%
(prior level 3 - 0.05%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Level 4 retinoid

A

0.089%
(prior level 4 - 0.1%)
rarely used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Process of photoaging

A
  • UVB radiation damages collagen and elastin (extracellular matrix)
  • Drives the wrinkled appearance of sun-exposed skin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Loss of collagen and elastin
leads to?

A

Wrinkled appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When does photoaging start to occur?

A

3-5 minutes of UV exposure, long before visible sunburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is critical in preventing photoaging?

A

Sunscreen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

The neurotransmitter that induces muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Botulinum toxin A mechanism of action

A
  • Breaks the snare protein to prevent the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic nerve into the neuromuscular junction.
  • By inhibiting neurotransmission between peripheral nerves and muscle fibers, the local skeletal muscle is temporarily denervated, weakened and cannot contract as aggressively
22
Q

How does botox prevent the progression of dynamic
wrinkles to static wrinkles?

A

By reducing the amount of muscle contraction, botox
reduces the amount of collagen breakdown and remodeling

23
Q

Frown lines muscle group

A
  • Corrugator supercilii
  • Procerus
  • Depressor supercilii
24
Q

Horizontal forehead frown lines muscle group

A

Frontalis

24
Q

Corrugator supercilii action

A

Eyebrows drawn medially

24
Q

Superior lateral orbicularis oculi action

A

Superior lateral eyebrow
depressor

24
Q

Crow’s feet muscle group

A

Lateral orbicularis

25
Q

Lateral orbicularis action

A

Lateral eyebrow depressor

25
Q

Procerus & Depressor supercilii Action

A

Eyebrow depressors

25
Q

Frontalis Action

A

Eyebrow elevator

25
Q

Eyebrow lift muscle group

A

Superior lateral orbicularis oculi

26
Q

Dynamic Index Textural Elements

A

no wrinkles with dynamic activity

27
Q

Dynamic Depressions

A

mild depressions in the glabellar area surrounded by mild bulging of the glabellar muscles

28
Q

Dynamic Grooves

A

moderate depressions during dynamic activity surrounded by moderate muscle contraction and bulging

29
Q

Dynamic Furrow

A

grooves during dynamic activity surrounded by profound muscle contraction and bulging

30
Q

Deep Dynamic Furrow

A

deep grooves during dynamic activity often with significant pull from the lateral corrugators

31
Q

Static Index - No textural elements

A

no relaxed skin tension lines

32
Q

Static Index - Faint textural elements

A

relaxed skin tension lines

33
Q

Static Index - Fine Wrinkles

A
  • fine linear depression in the skin surface, clearly deeper than
    relaxed skin tension lines and persistent in its presence.
  • Often first seen in the frontalis
34
Q

Static Index - Dermal Crease

A

a deep linear depression in the skin surface that is deeper and/or wider than a fine wrinkle distinguishable from a dermal groove by the absence of muscle contractions at rest

35
Q

Static Index - Dermal Groove

A

a deep linear depression in the skin surface distinguishable from a dermal crease by the presence of persistent muscle contraction or spasm visible when the patient is “at rest”

36
Q

Glabella skeletal anatomy

A
  • Palpate the orbital rim (typically just below the eyebrows, but not always).
  • Injections are always 1 cm above. Identify the supraorbital
    notch

– Aligns with medial corrugators

37
Q

Glabella muscular anatomy

A
  • Palpate Procerus and
    Corrugators.
  • Observe muscles during forceful contraction
38
Q

Glabella Triangulation Points

A
  • Procerus commonly aligns with medial end of eyebrows
  • Lateral Corrugator: Medial to the mid-pupillary line
39
Q

Frontalis skeletal anatomy

A
  • Palpate the temporal fusion
    line (guides lower treatment row lateral points)
  • Palpate orbital rim (lower treatment row is 2 cm above orbital rim)
40
Q

Frontalis muscular anatomy

A

Palpate frontalis muscle,
focus on upper border.

41
Q

Frontalis Triangulation Points

A
  • Lateral lower treatment points are in the same plane as lateral
    tip of eyebrow
  • Lower treatment row generally 2 finger breadths from eyebrow.
42
Q

Lateral Canthal Skeletal Anatomy

A
  • Palpate orbital rim

– Treatment points are just lateral to orbital rim

43
Q

Lateral Canthal Muscular Anatomy

A

Palpate and identify each
patient’s unique fan-shaped pattern

44
Q

Lateral Canthal Triangulation Points

A

1 cm from the lateral canthus of eye

Botox (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions