PP 2 Flashcards
What makes up The Shoulder Complex?
glenohumeral joint (ball and socket) and the shoulder girdle
Describe the shoulder complex.
two articulations 1. medial sternoclavicular joint (saddle) 2. lateral acromioclavicular joint (gliding). one interface 1. Scapulothoracic interface
What is the Scapulothoracic interface?
the contiguous relationship of the anterior scapular surface with the ribs of the thorax.
The Shoulder Girdle Primary Movements:
-Elevation -Depression -Abduction (Protraction) -Adduction (Retraction) -Upward Rotation -Downward Rotation
The Shoulder Girdle Accessory Movements
-anterior and posterior rotation of the clavicle -anterior and posterior tilt of the scapula -scapular winging
The Shoulder Joint movements
-Flexion -Extension -Abduction -Adduction -Internal rotation -External rotation -Horizontal abduction -Horizontal adduction -Circumduction
How much support does the shoulder capsule provide to the joint?
very little
Describe the shoulder capsule?
thin and loose
What does the shoulder capsule look like in anatomical position? Elevated?
-capsule is taut superiorly, hangs in a fold inferiorly; -as arm is elevated the situation is reversed
- What is the purpose of the coracoclavicular ligament?
- Which ligament makes it up?
- Maintain the relationship between clavicle and scapula
- Trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament
What are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments and what do they do?
superior, middle and inferior
strengthen the capsule, attach to the labrum
_________ joint motion is coupled with sternoclavicular joint movement.
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
Describe the 3 classifications of AC joint seperation.
- Type 1 (ligament stretch)
- Type 2 (Partial rupture AC ligaments)
- Type 3 (Complete rupture of AC and CC ligaments)
The Scapulohumeral Rhythm
- Which 2 joints?
- What is the 180 degree ratio?
- Shoulder joint and shoulder girdle
- 120 degrees shoulder abduction/60 degrees shoulder girdle. 2-1 ratio.
The Scapulohumeral Rhythm
What is the “setting phase”?
Essentially the first 70 degrees of movement take place at the shoulder. The first 30 degrees of abduction is termed the “setting phase”
Purpose of scapulohumeral rhythm.
- less compromise of stability
- Maintaining the glenoid fossa in an optimal position
- maintain a good length-tension relationship
Relationship between
Stability and Mobility
- Generally there is an inverse relationship between stability and mobility.
Because of the extreme degree of movement available at the shoulder and the relatively poor bony articulation (the glenoid accepts only a little more than ___ of the humeral head) the shoulder relies on the ____ muscles, the ____, and the ____ to help maintain the stability of the joint.
- 1/3
- rotator cuff
- glenoid labrum
- deltoid
The Elbow Joint
- The elbow (humeroulnar) joint is a hinge joint.
- The movements possible are flexion and extension
Medial Ligaments of the Elbow Joint
Ulnar collateral: 3 bands
- anterior from medial epicondyle to coronoid process
- posterior from medial epicondyle to olecranon process
- oblique: coronoid process to olecranon
Identify the ulnar collateral ligaments
Lateral Ligaments of the Elbow Joint
- Radial collateral (complex): can consist of just one collateral ligament from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament deep into the common extensor tendon
- or it can have several slips (including to the ulna)
Identify the radial collateral ligament
The Radio-ulnar Joint
- What movements?
- What articulation?
- What type of joint?
- supination and pronation
- proximal and distal articulation
- synovial pivot joint
The oblique cord (oblique ligament)
- Where is it located?
- Which way do the fibers run?
- extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the tubercle of the ulna at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity
- in the opposite direction to those of the interosseous membrane.
The Wrist Joint
- What’s the other name for it?
- What kind of joint? and what does that mean?
- What are the movements of the wrist?
- radiocarpal joint
- condyloid joint (an ovoid articular head is received into an elliptical cavity)
- flexion, extension, ulnar deviation, radial deviation, and circumduction
Label the ligament and all the attachment points.
- Another name for ulnar tunnel
- What is it and where are the zones?
- Guyon’s canal
- Potential site for nerve entrapment
Articulations and movement of intercarpal of the hand
Articulation: gliding
Movement: gliding
Articulations and movement of Carpometacarpal of the hand
Articulation: gliding
Movement: gliding
Articulations and movement of Metacarpophalangeal of the hand
Articulation: condyloid
Movement: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction
Articulations and movement of Interphalangeal of the hand
Articulation: hinge
Movement: flexion and extension
I dentify 3 tyes of joints in the hand.
1st Carpometacarpal (thumb)
What kind of joint?
Movements and their planes?
- Saddle joint
- Movements
- Flexion (frontal plane)
- Extension (frontal plane)
- Abduction (sagittal plane)
- Adduction (sagittal plane)
- Opposition (oblique)
- Circumduction
Collateral MCP ligaments
What is the condition of the ligament when the finger is flexed vs extended?
extended: slack
flexed: taut
