PP 1 - Applied Kinesiology Flashcards
Kinematic
Motion of Type, direction, quantity
What are the planes of motion and the 3 rotation of axes?
They are called cardinal planes. The 3 axes are X,Y,Z
What are the three cardinal planes or planes of movement?
Frontal (coronal) (xy) plane
Sagital ( median ) (yz) plane
Horizontal (transverse) (xz) plane
Planes and axes all three meet at :
Center of gravity. As the body moves the center of gravity does as well.
Sagittal plane moves on a ____ axis & ____ movements
Medial- lateral axis & flexion and extension movement.
Frontal plane moves on a ____ axis & _____ movement.
Anterior- posterior axis & abduction & addiction movement.
Horizontal plane moves on a ______ axis & _____ movement.
Superior-inferior axis & rotation movement.
Flexion
Bending movement around a joint.
Extension
Movement increasing the angle between two body parts.
Dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
Dorsi: flexion at the ankle
Plantar flexion: extension at the ankle.
Deviation
Turning away or aside from normal point or course.
Lateral flexion
Movement of body part in a lateral direction. ( sideways movement )
Internal rotation
Rotating a joint towards the midline ( movement towards the center of the body )
External rotation
Rotating a joint away from the midline. (movement away from the body)
Pronation
dynamic movement of the foot that includes dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction
Supination
(Palm facing up) describes the motion of turning the palm anteriorly
Inversion
the bottom of the foot (sole) turns so that it faces toward the body’s midline, in a medial orientation.
Eversion
the opposition motion occurs: the bottom of the foot turns so that it faces away from the body’s midline (outward)
Retraction
shoulder blades to move back (posteriorly) and toward the body’s midline (medially)
Protraction
moves the scapula forward (anteriorly) and toward the side of the body (laterally)
Osteokinematics
Bone movement. Produced by muscles. Occurs in one plane of the body & around their corresponding axis.
Types of motion
Translatory motion ( linear ) Curvilinear Rotary motion ( angular )
Translatory ( liner ) motion
Along or parallel to an axis.
Travel same distance, same direction, and same velocity.
Curvilinear motion
Object travels on curved path
Rotary motion ( angular )
In a circule around an axis.
Has different velocities.
Joint motions occur around an axis and are rotatory.
Degrees of freedom
Ability of the body to transform joint angular or rotary motion into Translatory motion. # of planes within each joint moves.
Max of 3 DOF
Arthrokinematics
How 2 articulating joint surfaces move on each other.
Three forms of arthrokinematics:
Synathrodial ( 2 types )
Amphiarthrodial ( 3 types )
Diarthrodial ( 6 types )
Synarthrodial joints
Immovable/ slight movement joints.
• lack articular cavity. ( No DOF)
• Fibrous structure :
suture & syndesmosis.
Ex: skull
Amphiathrodial joint
Limited movable joints which lack an articular cavity.
• no DOF
• cartilaginous joints :
symphysis pubis( bony surface) intervertebral discs, & 1st sternocoastal joint.
Ex: fibia & tibia
Diarthroidal joints
Joints which are freely movable and contained in an articular cavity.
- are classified according to # of planes of movement that are available. ( DOF)
Basic structure.
Contains :
joint capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, cartilage ( fibrous, hyaline, elastic) , and bursae.
Nonaxial ( diarthroidal joints )
Gliding joints aka “ plane joints”
- no axis of movement.
- movement is allowed in any direction.
Ex: Inter-carpal joints of wrist, foot.
Uniaxial ( diarthrodial joints)
Hinge joint ( ginglymus joint )
- one axis of rotation allowing movement in one plane. ( 1 DOF )
Ex - Elbow, ankle, knee.
Uniaxial (diarthrodial joint )
Pivot/screw joint
Aka ( trochoid joint )
- rotational movement
- 1 DOF
- atlantoaxial joint
- proximal radio ulnar joint
Biaxial joint ( diarthrodial )
Two axes allowing movement in two perpendicular planes ( 2 DOF )
• ellipsoid joint -> radio carpal joint of wrist
Biaxial joint
Condyloidal joints
• movement in two planes without rotation.
Ex: wrist between radius & proximal carpals.
- metacarpophalngeal joints of hand
Biaxial joint
Saddle joint
- similar to ball & socket motion w/o slight rotation.
• only in metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Triaxial joint
Multiple axes allowing multiple planes of movement. ( 3 DOF )
Ball and socket joints: hip, glenohumeral joints
Osteokinematics
Bones rotate around each other (elbow flexion). During this process joint surfaces undergo simultaneous Arthrokinematic motion ( rolling or rocking , sliding/ gliding, spinning)
Motion is critical to ____
Function
