Powers + Borders (P2) Flashcards
What is a Nation?
A group of people who share common cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and history.
What is a State?
A political entity with a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.
What is a Nation State?
A state that is primarily identified with a specific nation, where the boundaries of the nation coincide with the boundaries of the state.
What is an International Border?
A geographical boundary between two or more sovereign states.
What does it mean to gain Independence?
The process by which a nation or state becomes free from external control.
What is Secession?
The act of withdrawing formally from a federation or body, especially a political state.
What is Reunification?
The process of uniting two or more territories or nations that were previously separated.
What is Sovereignty?
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
What is Territorial Integrity?
The principle under international law that nations should not promote secessionist movements or border changes in other nations.
What is a Failed State?
A state that has lost effective control over its territory, leading to a breakdown of law and order.
What is Self Determination?
The right of a people to determine their own political status and to pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.
What is State Apparatus?
The institutions and structures through which a state exercises its authority.
What is Nation Building?
The process of constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state.
What is Militarisation?
The process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence.
What is Intervention?
The act of a state or group of states intervening in the affairs of another state, often for humanitarian or political reasons.
What is Geopolitics?
The study of the effects of geography on international politics and international relations.
What are ACs?
Advanced Countries, typically characterized by high levels of income and industrialization.
What are EDCs?
Emerging and Developing Countries, which are in the process of industrialization and economic growth.
What are LIDCs?
Low-Income Developing Countries, which have low gross national income and face significant challenges to development.
What are Supranational Organisations?
Entities formed by multiple countries that transcend national boundaries and have authority over member states.
What is Global Governance?
The way international affairs are managed across countries through international cooperation.
What is the Westphalian Model?
A political system based on the principles of sovereign states and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states.
What is Separatism?
The advocacy for the separation of a certain group from a larger body, often based on ethnic or cultural identity.
What is Contested Territory?
An area of land that is claimed by two or more parties, leading to disputes and conflicts.
What is Annexation?
The formal act of acquiring territory by a state, often without the consent of the territory’s original inhabitants.
What are Sectarian Tensions?
Conflicts arising from differences in religious beliefs or practices within a community.
What is Colonialism?
The practice of acquiring full or partial control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
What are TNCs?
Transnational Corporations, which operate in multiple countries and have a significant impact on global trade and economics.
What are Trading Blocks?
Groups of countries that have agreed to reduce or eliminate trade barriers among themselves.
What are Economic Sanctions?
Restrictions imposed by one country on another to compel compliance with international laws or norms.
What is the Global Peace Index?
An index that measures the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness.
What does UN stand for?
United Nations, an international organization founded to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries.
What does NATO stand for?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance of countries from North America and Europe.
What does NGO stand for?
Non-Governmental Organization, a non-profit organization that operates independently of government.
What are Norms?
Standards or expectations that govern the behavior of individuals or groups within a society.
What is a Treaty?
A formal agreement between two or more sovereign states.
What is the Responsibility to Protect?
An international norm that seeks to prevent genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.
What is International Law?
A body of rules established by treaty or custom that is recognised and binding in relations between states.
What are Global Commons?
Resources that are not owned by any one nation and are accessible to all, such as the atmosphere and oceans.
What is Cyber Conflict?
Hostilities conducted through cyberspace, often involving hacking and cyber attacks.
What is the UN Global Compact?
A voluntary initiative that encourages businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies.
What is Power?
The ability or capacity to influence the behavior of others or the course of events.
