Powerpoints Flashcards
Types of deep touch
compression/perpendicular
shear/parallel
Types of light touch
passive/resting
active/light movement
5 types of static palpation
point tenderness, asymmetry, sudoriferous changes, turgidity, temperature
main reason to motion palpate
to detect motion dysfunction
findings on xray that may suggest biomechanical changes
wedging, stacking, hourglassing, spurring, thin disc, schmoral’s node, eburnation, stair stepping
when performing line analysis on lateral view look for these things:
changes in disc size and shape, changes in curves, look at IVF of motion unit, look for visual findings of biomechanical changes
when performing line analysis on AP view look for:
rotation and wedging
cranial plate of sacrum endures lots of weight bearing stress causing malformations and compensatory response
sacral declination
D1 disc listing
acute often reversed disc wedge
D2 disc listing
minor thinning posterior
D3 disc listing
very thin posterior and inferior
D4 disc listing
2/3 of original height and degeneration changes
D5 disc listing
1/3 of original height and advanced degeneration changes
D6 disc listing
hard to recognize disc space
on AP view, segments that tip away are usually
problematic
on AP view, segments that gradually level are
compensatory
on AP view, a singular segment compensation may suggest
over compensation
things that suggest subluxation:
repetitive instrumentation break, static palpation findings suggesting ligament damage, motion palpation findings suggesting fixation
things that suggest compensation:
instrumentation heat swings, static palpation suggesting lack of ligament damage, motion palpation suggesting hypermobility
range of Ferguson’s angle
43-47 degrees
average Ferguson’s angle in males and females
males: 45 degrees
females: 49 degrees
average of Barge’s angle
53 degrees (+/- 4 degrees)
range of Ferguson’s angle in non-weight bearing
32-36 degrees
ranges of degrees of disc wedging on lateral view in lumbars
L1 disc: 3-10 degrees L2 disc: 4-13 degrees L3 disc: 6-14 degrees L4 disc: 7-15 degrees L5 disc: 8-16 degrees
(on lateral view) in lumbars decreased disc angle suggests
increased compressive loads
(on lateral view) in lumbars increased disc angle suggests
increased shear loads
relative rotation:
segments are either matched up OR contra rotated left or right
2 types of pain
somatic and radicular
2 types of somatic pain
myotogenous and scleratogenous
radicular pain is
nerve pain
irritation of C fibers, poorly marked distribution, typically ligaments or muscular
deep somatic pain
