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GEOG 330 > powerpoints > Flashcards

powerpoints Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of policy and economic changes that occurred after WW2?

A
  1. Fordism
  2. Baby boom
  3. Loans and tax incentives
  4. Levittown/Don Mills
  5. Highway infrastructure
  6. Urban renewal
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2
Q

RACIAL TENSIONS leads to?

A
  1. displacement of population towards edges of town
  2. suburbanization
  3. increase segregation
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3
Q

SUBURBANIZATION leads to?

A
  1. dispersal of the population

2. decrease in population density

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4
Q

VICTIM OF ITS OWN SUCCESS leads to?

A
  1. influx of workers with high expectations
  2. rising costs of labor
  3. increase in unemployment
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5
Q

VICTIM OF ITS OWN SUCCESS leads to?

A
  1. influx of workers with high expectations
  2. rising costs of labor
  3. increase in unemployment
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6
Q

URBAN DESIGNED FOR THE AUTOMOBILE leads to?

A
  1. little physical overlap between neighbourhoods
  2. little communication between peoples
  3. hostile environment for pedestrian traffic and meetings
  4. increased fear of the city
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7
Q

COMPETITION BETWEEN CITIES leads to?

A
  1. migratory behaviour of capital
  2. conflict between cities (shrinking and expanding ones)
  3. influences in corporations’ location decisions
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8
Q

INCREASING MOBILITY OF LABOUR leads to?

A
  1. migratory behaviour of labour, nationally and internationally
  2. loss of emotional attachment to place
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9
Q

DETERIORATING INFRASTRUCTURE leads to?

A

disinvestment

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10
Q

what is the entrepreneurial city?

A

a shift in the role of local government from providing services such as garbage collection,…to becoming promoters, pitching the opportunities and attractions of the community to everyone from tourists to sports team owners.

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11
Q

what does Adding economic value mean?

A

labour value through economic activity or a public service

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12
Q

what does Adding social value mean?

A

through adding social capital, social cohesion, social meaning and cultural.

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13
Q

What does Adding political value mean?

A

by stimulating and supporting democratic dialogue, active public participation and citizen engagement

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14
Q

what does Adding ecological value mean?

A

by actively promoting sustainable practices

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15
Q

how does Consumption spaces affect how people interact with and relate to one another?

A

by defining and demarcating social identities and groupings based on the combination of symbols, consumption practices and cultural experiences assembled in a particular space. And by excluding others

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16
Q

what is Territoriality?

A

how people identify, possess, feel safe in and/or defend space.

17
Q

how to define Ownership?

A

communicating control verbally and non-verbally

18
Q

what is the Proxemics study?

A

the study of people’s preferences for intimate, personal, social and public space.

19
Q

what is Index of dissimilarity?

A

measures the evenness with which two groups are distributed across geographic space.

20
Q

what is the tipping point?

A

where the proportion of households from the invading group is large enough to precipitate a much faster exodus.

21
Q

Homeownership is sought for?

A
  1. Privacy
  2. Indicator of social status
  3. Investment
22
Q

Rise in households formation, related to?

A

(i) Persons living alone
(ii) Childless couples
(iii) Single-parent families, blended families

23
Q

The ‘household income gap’ is widening, related to?

A

(i) increasing number of households dependent on one breadwinner
(ii) Higher-income households comprise two wage earners who earn equally higher-salaries

24
Q

residential location choice, gentrification and sprawl, related to?

A

(i) Married couples with children in the suburban ring
(ii) Solo parents and non-family households in the central city
(iii) Gentrification fuelled by ‘rent gap’ (difference between the existing yields generated by buildings and the potential yield)
(iv) speculation and pure profit

25
Q

The structuralist approach sees gentrification as?

A

the natural result of capitalist capitalizing on inner-

city areas that are deteriorating so as to reap better rewards from speculation.

26
Q

Production-side process is explained by?

A

A lack of cheap suburban land and the friction of distance to the city center encouraged a return to
inner city areas.

27
Q

whats is the Export base theory?

A

cities grow or stagnate according to the ability of their businesses to earn export income.

28
Q

the process of urban economic growth is?

A

circular and cumulative

29
Q

What are some Effects of urban shrinkage?

A
  • declining population densities
  • decline in housing prices
  • decline in the supply of and demand for social infrastructure, transport and utility infrastructures
  • decline in local commercial services
  • increase in vacant buildings and derelict land
  • changing demographic characteristics (rise in the proportion of elderly people)
  • greater pressures on local municipal budgets
30
Q

what are the main points of the Project Green in Rochester NY?

A
  • Establish a multi-purpose land-bank program
  • Develop and manage a citywide green- infrastructure initiative
  • Reduce the dwelling unit vacancy rate from over 12% to 5-7%
  • Develop strategies and hierarchies for the development of green streets
  • Develop green streets as economic catalysts
31
Q

‘new’ cultural geography is concerned with?

A

understanding the social construction of many accepted and taken-for-granted categories used in everyday social discourses

32
Q

what are main points of Universal citizenship?

A

●Equal moral worth of all persons
●Citizenship for everyone and everyone the same ●Citizenship transcends differences
●Rules and laws are blind to group differences

33
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

the aim of the liberal social model which categorizes groups as having majority or minority status - means only assimilation to a majority, which is not a form of social justice but a denial of identity on the terms of the majority.

34
Q

Concept of differentiated citizenship?

A
  1. inclusion of everyone (including minority groups) requires mechanisms for group representation
  2. to ensure inclusion of everyone special rights should be accorded to special groups in order to undermine disadvantages and oppression.
  3. argues against interest group pluralism because it is privatized and fragmented and favours the domination by corporate interests.
35
Q

The social-sciences need to become post-structuralist by?

A
  • Recognizes that we can be imperfect and contradictory and understand the world from multiple and heterogeneous perspectives.
  • The key is in being able to change perspectives and manifest oneself through different identities.
  • Individual is not a singular defined individual but rather one who ‘becomes’ or embodies constantly changing contexts and different identities.

GEOG 330 (3 decks)

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