Powerpoints Flashcards
What is the primary function of the thyroid gland?
Maintains body metabolism, growth, and development through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of hormones.
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Inferior to the thyroid cartilage (Adam’s Apple).
What is the anatomical shape of the thyroid gland?
H or U configuration with right and left lobes connected by the Isthmus.
What is the normal size of an adult thyroid gland?
40 to 60mm in length, 20 to 30mm in AP, and 10 to 15mm in width.
What is considered an enlarged thyroid gland?
When the AP diameter measures greater than 20mm and the Isthmus measures greater than 10mm.
What structures are found anterior to the thyroid gland?
Three strap muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid.
Which vessels are located laterally to each thyroid lobe?
Common carotid arteries, internal jugular veins, and the vagus nerve.
What arteries supply blood to the thyroid gland?
Two superior thyroid arteries and two inferior thyroid arteries.
What is the role of thyroid hormones in the body?
Regulation of metabolism in every cell.
Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
What is the most common cause of nodular thyroid disease?
Iodine deficiency.
What are the sonographic findings of goiters?
Diffuse enlargement or localized discrete nodule.
What is a characteristic of thyroid cysts?
Considered benign, can be round, anechoic, well-defined with thin walls.
What percentage of nodular diseases are adenomas?
5-10%.
What is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma?
Papillary carcinoma.
What is a key feature of papillary carcinoma?
Taller than wide with microcalcifications (50-80%).
What is the prognosis for papillary carcinoma if found early?
20-year survival rate above 90%.
Which thyroid cancer is characterized by a thick irregular halo?
Follicular carcinoma.
What is the most common form of thyroiditis?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
What is Graves’ disease?
An autoimmune disease causing the thyroid to produce excess hormones.
True or False: Medullary carcinoma accounts for 5% of thyroid cancers.
True.
Fill in the blank: The thyroid follicular cells are the only cells in the body that can absorb _______.
iodine.
What is the appearance of lymphoma on ultrasound?
Large, nonvascular, hypoechoic, lobulated solid mass.
