PowerPoint Chapter 17 Flashcards
____ ____ ____ die suddenly from a Cardiac event each year in US?
2500 young athletes die suddenly from a Cardiac event each year in US
What age must a person be to be able to die from sudden cardiac death?
<35
What percents of athletes have an abnormal ECG?
40-50%
What are four categories can athlete death vary by?
Age (< 20y/o)
Gender (Women (22%) < Men (45%))
Ethnicity (Black NFL players > White NFL players ECG abnormalities)
Sport (endurance sports)
____ can cause adaptative changes to physiology?
Exercise can cause adaptative changes to physiology
The majority of ECG changes in athletes listed are ____?
The majority of ECG changes in athletes listed are benign
What are five ECG changes/rhythms that may be seen in athletes?
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Arrhythmia
Junctional Escape
1st-degree AV block
2nd degree AV block
What causes sinus bradycardia in an athlete?
Results from increased vagal tone
When should sinus bradycardia in an athlete be evaluated?
Lower than 30bpm and sinus pauses > 3 sec need more eval
What is sinus arrhythmia linked to?
Sinus Arrythmia – linked to respiration
What occurs in a junctional escape rhythm in an athlete and what resolves it?
Junctional Escape – Resting HR is lower than junctional escape. Exercise resolves escape bc of Increased HR.
What percent of athletes have a 1° AV heart block on their ECG?
35%
What does a 1° AV heart block result from in an athlete?
Increases PSNS tone and Decreased Resting SNS tone from exercise
What percent of athlete ECGs contain a 2° AV heart block?
10%
What causes a 2° AV heart block in athletes and how can it be relieved?
Same cause as 1st degree AV block. (Increases PSNS tone and Decreased Resting SNS tone from exercise) Vagal maneuver relieves rhythm.
What are the six types of vagal maneuvers?
Valsalva maneuver
Cough
Gag
Hold your knees against your chest
Cold water treatment
Carotid sinus massage
What is the Valsalva maneuver?
Valsalva maneuver
Hold your nose, close your mouth, and try to blow the air out. This creates pressure in your chest that may activate the vagus nerve. Sitting or squatting may help. Try it for 10 seconds.
What is the cough vagal maneuver?
Cough
You need to cough hard to generate pressure in your chest and stimulate the vagus nerve. Children with tachycardia may not be able to cough hard enough to get a response from the vagus nerve.
What is the gag vagal maneuver?
Gag
You can try it with a finger. Your doctor might use a tongue depressor.
What is the hold your knees against your chest vagal maneuver?
Hold your knees against your chest:
Do it for a minute. This may work best for babies and children.
What is the cold water treatment vagal maneuver?
Cold water treatment
You might hear this called the diving reflex. You may need to put a plastic bag of ice on your face for 15 seconds. Or you can immerse your face in icy cold water for several seconds. It might also work to step into a cold shower or a cold bath.
What is the carotid sinus massage vagal maneuver?
Carotid sinus massage
Only a doctor should perform this one: Lie down and stick out your chin. The doctor will put pressure on your carotid sinus, a bundle of nerves surrounding the carotid artery in your neck just below your jaw. You’ll be monitored during the procedure.
