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Sectional Anatomy Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis > Powerpoint > Flashcards

Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Brachiocephalic artery

A

First major branch of aortic arch , divides into the right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

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2
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

Second branch of aortic arch ascends into the neck along the left side of trachea

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3
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

Third branch of the aortic arch, the left subclavian artery supplies left extremity . The left vertebral artery arises from left subclavian artery

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4
Q

Subclavian vein

A

Formed by axillary veins, drains the upper extremities

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5
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Formed by the union of the jugular and subclavian veins

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6
Q

Azygos vein

A

Drains posterior thoracic wall and drains into the superior vena cava

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7
Q

Superior veins cava

A

Formed by union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. Empties into the right atrium of the heart

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8
Q

Mediastinum

A

Midline region between the two lungs. Structures include the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus

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9
Q

Hilum

A

Area of passage ways that blood vessels and airways enter and leave the lungs

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10
Q

Blood circulation through the heart

A

Venous or deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium of the heart by the superior and inferior vena cava.

From right atrium blood is forced down to the right ventricle through the tricuspid or atrioventricular valve

Blood exits the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to pulmonary arteries then to the lungs

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins to left atrium

From the left atrium, blood is forced into the left ventricle through the mitral valve

From left ventricle, arterial blood exits through the aorta and to the systemic circulation

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11
Q

High resolution of lungs your will see?

A

Separation of lobes

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12
Q

Lungs

A

Organs of respiration. Left and right

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13
Q

Right lung

A

Comprised of three lobes, superior , inferior ,middle

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14
Q

Left lung

A

Compromised two lobes, superior and inferior

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15
Q

Fissures

A

Small thin structures that separates lobes of lung

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16
Q

Mainstream bronchi

A

Arises at level of the carina where trachea divides

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17
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Form where mainstem bronchi further divide into each lobe of the lung

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18
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

Extensions of secondary bronchi that extend into lobes of the lung

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19
Q

Emphysema

A

Type of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Limit gas exchange in the lungs . Traps free air in lungs known as blebs. Looks like bronchile tree is dilated

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20
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Accumulation of fluid between the layers of membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity

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21
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of lobules( clusters of aveoli) or lung segments may result in partial or complete lung collapse

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22
Q

_______ lesion of lung may be represent early metastatic process or primary lung cancer

A

Solitary

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23
Q

Which cancers metastasize to lungs usually?

A

Kidney,colon, breast, pancreas

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24
Q

See if tumor is vascular , what do you inject?

A

Inject contrast vascular

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25
Q

Lymphoma

A

Neoplastic malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by gross enlargement of lymph nodes

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26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in space surrounding lungs

Caused by trauma or spontaneous event

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27
Q

Pulmonary embolus

A

Obstruction of pulmonary artery or its branches by an embolus

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28
Q

Liver

A

Largest organ of abdomen located in the right upper quadrant . It is divided into four lobes. Right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and caudate lobe

29
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymph organ in body , located in upper left quadrant

Looks bright on ct due to vascularity

30
Q

Stomach

A

Dilated portion of digestive system located in the upper left quadrant anterior to spleen

31
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane that lines the abdominal walls . Organs that are enclosed by perontineum: liver, gallbladder , spleen, stomach, ovaries, intestines

32
Q

Retroperitoneum

A

Structures located posterior to peritoneum but are lined by it anteriorly. Structures include: duodenum, kidneys,adrenal glands, pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, bladder, prostate, ascending colon, descending colon

33
Q

Pancreas

A

Long narrow organ that lies transversely from duodenum to spleen

34
Q

Gallbladder

A

Bile reservoir located by the anterior inferior portion of right lobe of liver

35
Q

Kidneys

A

Excretory organs that produce urine. The outer portion is known as renal cortex that filters. Inner segments are called calyces that collect urine and combine to form renal pelvis

36
Q

Gerota fascia

A

Protective layer of perirenal fat that anchors the kidneys to surrounding structures

37
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Pyramid shaped structures that sit on upper border of each kidney . Adrenal glands produce steroids and epinephrine

38
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

Begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm and bifurcates into the right and left iliac arteries at l4

39
Q

Celiac trunk

A

First mayor branch of abdominal aorta. Celiac trunk further divides into left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and splenic artery. Paired right and left

40
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Second vessel to branch off the aorta. Sma sits only a few centimeters below celiac trunk. The sma branches off anteriorly and inferiorly to many small branches off anteriorly and inferiorly to many small branches that supply the small intestines, ascending and transverse colon

41
Q

Renal arteries

A

Third vessels to branch off the aorta. Each exiting laterally on the aorta to supply their corresponding kidney. Paired

42
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Leaves the anterior wall the aorta at l3. The ima branches off the left and supplies the distal transverse , descending, and sigmoid colon, and rectum. Unpaired

43
Q

Aorta ends at level?

A

L4

44
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Largest vein in the body

The ivc begins at the union of common iliac veins at level l5 and courses upward to right atrium of the heart

45
Q

As ivc travels upward , the ivc receives tributaries from veins throughout the abdomen . Many these veins correspond to arteries that arise from ______ . Renal , hepatic, superior and inferior mesenteric veins

A

Aorta

46
Q

On Ct slice, small intestine looks _____ large intestine looks _____

A

Bright

Poop/ air

47
Q

Small intestine

A

Loops of bowel 18-21 feet in length that are subdivided into duodenum, jejunum, and cecum

48
Q

Large intestine

A

Large bowel divided into cecum, colon, rectum. Large intestines start at ileocecal junction and terminate at anus

49
Q

Colon

A

Subdivided into ascending , transverse, descending , sigmoid portions

50
Q

Hepatic hemangioma

A

Benign lesion of liver . Composed of vascular channels generally asymptomatic. Appear has hypodense lesion on noncontrast studies , gradually filling in with contrast post injection

51
Q

Liver hepatoma

A

Most common form of primary liver cancer

52
Q

Liver metastasis

A

Metastic spread of cancer to liver. Liver is second most common site for cancer to spread

53
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder generally caused by and obstruction of the cystic duct. Looks dirty

54
Q

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of pancreas. Generally found in pancreatic head. Patients present with abdominal pain , vomiting , jaundice

55
Q

Pancreatitis

A

An acute or chronic inflammation of pancreas. Usually caused by alcoholism, stones, or pancreatic cancer

56
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the kidney . Patients present with flank pain, hematuria and hypertension

57
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Dilation of calcyces and collecting system of kidney. Usually caused by calculus or mass either within the kidney or adjacent to the ureter and impinging the flow of urine

58
Q

Aortic aneurysm

A

Permanent dilation of the aorta. Generally caused by a weakening of the arterial wall. Can be surgically repaired

59
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Complication of diverticulosis in which a diverticula is infected and creates inflammatory process

60
Q

Crohns disease

A

Chronic inflammatory disease of intestines. It primarily causes ulcerations in small and large intestine

61
Q

Small bowel obstruction

A

Most common abdominal pains. Can be caused by tumor, infections, prior surgery, hernia or hematoma

62
Q

Abdominal hernia

A

Protrusion of digestive organs through the adominal wall

63
Q

Free air

A

Release of air or gas into abdominal cavity. Caused by rupture in small bowel or colon. Can also occur post surgically

64
Q

Ovarian cyst

A

Fluid filled sac in the ovary. Usually formed as result of ovulation

65
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of appendix due to obstruction

66
Q

Pagets disease

A

Metabolic bone disease that involves bone destruction and regrowth which results in deformity

67
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

Bizarre tumor usually benign in the ovary that typically contains a diversity of tissues including hair, teeth, bone, thyroid, etc

68
Q

Fibroid uterus

A

Benign uterine tumor

69
Q

Look at anatomy and pathology slides

A

Look

Sectional Anatomy Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis (1 decks)

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