Power Struggle 42-30BC

Question 1

Name of the 42 BC Treaty between the Second Triumvirate.

Answer 1

The Treaty of Brundisium

Question 2

Who got what regions in the Treaty of Brundisium?

Answer 2

Octavian: West
Antony: East
Lepidus: Africa

Question 3

Who took over Sicily?Why?

Answer 3

Sextus Pompeius to avenge his father, Pompey the Great.

Question 4

What did Sextus Pompieus do in Sicily.

Answer 4

Caused a grain blockade which almost caused a famine in 39 BC.

Question 5

What title did Octavian add during the grain blockade?

Answer 5

Imperator in 38 BC
(commander)

Question 6

When was the naval campaign against Sextus Pompeius and who led it?

Answer 6

July 36 BC, led by Agrippa, Octavian’s closest genral.

Question 7

How did Octavian lead to the downfall of Lepidus in 36 BC?

Answer 7

He bribed some of Lepidus’ legions to turn against him and claimed to the Senate that Lepidus had tried to raise an army against him in Sicily.

Question 8

How was Lepidus removed from the Second Triumvirate?

Answer 8

He was exiled and stripped of his titles other than ‘Pontifex Maximus’ which he kept until his death in 12 BC.

Question 9

Think of gifts he gave

How did Octavian position himself of the benefactor of Rome?

Answer 9

42 BC: Started work on the Temple of the Deifed Julius Caesar
34 BC: Commisioned an ampitheatre via General Taurus to hold games.
Oversaw a program of urban renewal, repairing sewers and ruined streets.
Agrippa would throw tokens in crowds at theatres.

Question 10

How did the Second Triumvirate fall apart?

Answer 10

Intense competition between Octavian and Antony which led to civil war.

Question 11

What god did Octavian align with?

Answer 11

Apollo

Question 12

What god did Mark Antony align with?

Answer 12

Dionysus

Question 13

What was Apollo the God of?

Answer 13

The sun, prophecy, archery, music, medicine, civilisation, discipline, moderation and morality

Question 14

What was Dionysus the God of?

Answer 14

Wine, theatre, lavish living, religious sacrifice, festivity, fertility and conqueror of the East

Question 15

Sources of Antony and Dionysus

Answer 15

-The Cistophorus of Antony (39BC): Dionysus on the reverse with snakes in an infinity symbol; Antony and Octavia on the obverse.
-Peter Zanker Secondary Scholarship

Question 16

Sources of Apollo and Octavian

Answer 16

-Temple of Palatine Apollo (36-28BC): built where lighting struck on the hill where Octavian had planned to build his home.
-Dressed as Apollo during the Feast of the 12 Gods.

Question 17

What is a matrona?

Answer 17

Honoured, upper class, traditional Roman wife.

Question 18

What was the role of Roman wives? (Livia)

Answer 18

-Support husbands political career as marriages were alliances.
-Duty of chastity.
-Entertain guests

Question 19

How was Livia an asset to Octavian?

Answer 19

-Member of the Claudii, oldest noble family in Rome.
-Beautiful and highly intelligent: reportedly spun all of Octavian’s clothes.

Question 20

What was the bust of Livia made out of and when was it made?

Answer 20

Basanite, 31BC

Question 21

What is Livia’s expression on the bust? Why was that important?

Answer 21

Stoic, it showed a lack of emotion which was value in traditional Rome.

Question 22

What is the name of traditional hairstyle Livia has in the bust?

Answer 22

Nodus

Question 23

Who was Mark Antony having a love affair with?

Answer 23

Cleopatra

Question 24

Why were Cleopatra and Antony’s children a problem for Octavian?

Answer 24

They were Egyptian royalty and they had the ability to claim power over Rome

Question 25

Cleopatra and Antony’s children

Answer 25

40BC: Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene
36BC: Ptolemy Philadelpheus

Question 26

When did Antony move to Alexandria and marry Cleopatra?

Answer 26

36BC

Question 27

How could Octavian use Antony’s love affair and residence in the East to smear his image?

Answer 27

Emphasise the anti-Roman behaviour, effeminacy and decadence.

Question 28

When and what were Antony’s ‘Donations of Alexandria?

Answer 28

34BC: Launched a military campaign in Armenia and held the Triumph in Alexandria rather than Rome.

Question 29

Where was Antony’s will being held?

Answer 29

Temple of Vesta

Question 30

When did Octavian steal Antony’s will?

Answer 30

32BC

Question 31

What did Octavian do with Antony’s stolen will?

Answer 31

He read it out the Senate, claiming that Antony had written he wished to be buried in Egypt alongside Cleopatra.

Question 32

How did Octavian manipulate the Senates rage to Antony?

Answer 32

He convinced them that Cleopatra was to blame and that they should go to war with Egypt, avoiding the image of a civil war.

Question 33

When did Octavian start building his mausoleum (burial tomb) and why?

Answer 33

32BC, in light of Antony’s will, Octavian wanted to be seen having undying loyalty to Rome.

Question 34

When was the Battle of Actium?

Answer 34

2nd September 31 BC

Question 35

How did Octavian present the Battle of Actium? SOURCE

Answer 35

Made it seem as though he was bringing peace. Minted a coin with his face and Pax (the Roman goddess of peace) which he used to pay the armies with.

Question 36

When did Antony commit suicide and why?

Answer 36

1st August 30BC, when Octavian arrived in Alexandria.

Question 37

When did Cleopatra commit suicide? Why was it later?

Answer 37

Cleopatra had tried to negotiate with Octavian however he stated she would be paraded around in a Roman triumph.
She killed herself on 12th August 30BC