power, borders and conflicts Flashcards
How many new countries have been formed Eastern Europe and Central Asia due to the break up of the USSR
15
Define State
Refers to an area of land, of an independent country, with well defined boundaries, within which there is a politically organised body of people under a single government.
What Characteristics does a state have?
Defined territory, Sovereignty, Government recognised by other states, capacity to engage in formal relations with other states, Independence- self governing.
What does the term State Apparatus refer to?
The set of institutions and organisations through which state power is achieved.
What countries are in the G7
Canada, USA, UK, France, Italy, Germany, Japan
How is the degree of resilience measured?
FFP (Fund for Peace) Fragile states index
What does the Fragile state index take into account
Social, economic, political and militant
Name the three Cohesion indicators for the FSI
Security apparatus, factionalised elites, and Group Grievance.
Name the three economic indicators for the FSI
Economic decline, uneven economic development, human flight and brain drain
Name the three political indicators for the FSI
State legitimacy, public service, human rights and rule of law
Name the three social indicators for the FSI
Demographic pressure, refugees and IDPs, external intervention
What does the term Nation refer to?
A large group of people with strong bonds of identity- they’re united by a shared decent history, traditions, culture and language. Example- Kurds in South West Asia.
What is a nation-state
A nation that has an independent state of its own, it has sovereignty over a single nation.
What is sovereignty?
The absolute authority which independent states exercise in the government of the land and people in their territories.
What is internal sovereignty.
A state has exclusive authority which its bounded territory and no other state can intervene in its domestic politics
What is external sovereignty
A state cannot simply proclaim sovereignty, there has to be mutual recognition among other sovereign states. This ensures its territorial integrity and enables it to enter into international relations with other states.
What is territorial integrity?
States exercise their sovereignty within a specific territory, the boundaries of which have been established by international law.
Definition of “Ethnic”
Any influence pertaining to race- Hutu and Tutsi genocide in Rwanda
Define “Dispora”
The dispersion or spread of any people- Jews from Israel
Define “Separatism”
When a group demand independence of some degree of autonomy
Define “Regionalism”
In some countries, people feel that regions should have more power whilst remaining part of the whole. E.g. Scottish parliament
What is a norm?
Norms are derived from moral principles, customs and behaviour which have developed over time throughout the world. They are embedded in international law to be upheld by state governments and their citizens. They are set out in the Charter of the United Nations
What is Intervention
Actions of international organisations in resolving conflicts or humanitarian crisis raising from challenged to sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Give some examples of intervention
Economic sanctions, military interventions, missions of regional organisations e.g. NATO, Humanitarian assistance by Civil society organisations e.g. NGOs
When is intervention deemed necessary?
A state government is failing to protect its citizens from violations of human rights. Direct act of aggressiveness by another state, perhaps over territorial claims.
Why is intervention controversial?
Sovereignty is undermined by the act of intervention even though sanctioned by the UN Security council.
What is Geopolitics?
Geopolitics involves the global balance of political power and international relations
