Power BI - PL 300 - Pt 1

Question 1

Where can you teach the Q&A visual synonyms for the terms you use in your dataset?

A. Power BI Service > Dashboard > Settings
B. Power BI Service > Dataset > Settings
C. Power BI Desktop > Q&A > Settings
D. Power BI Desktop > Options > Report Settings

Answer 1

C. Power BI Desktop > Q&A > Settings

Question 2

Which of the following visuals would you use to perform a root cause analysis across multiple dimensions of your data?

A. Q&A
B. Key Influencers
C. Decomposition Tree
D. Quick Insights

Answer 2

C. Decomposition Tree

Question 3

The __________________ visual in Power BI lets you visualize data across multiple dimensions. It automatically aggregates data and enables drilling down into your dimensions in any order. It’s also an artificial intelligence (AI) visualization, so you can ask it to find the next dimension to drill down into based on certain criteria. This tool is valuable for ad hoc exploration and conducting root cause analysis.

Answer 3

decomposition tree

Question 4

How many days of question history is stored for questions typed into the Q&A fields?

A. 10
B. 15
C. 28
D. 90

Answer 4

C. 28

The Q&A tool enables you to review questions and words typed in it for the last 28 days.

Question 5

What is the Power BI Desktop feature that allows for what-if analysis?

A. New Column
B. New Measure
C. New Parameter
D. New KPI

Answer 5

C. New Parameter

New Parameter (What If) is used to create what-if analysis. Creating a new parameter automatically creates a new measure, slicer and table used in the what-if analysis. There is no feature called New KPI. A new column is not used in what-if analysis.

Question 6

You want to use insights in Power BI Desktop to understand the increase from one quarter to the next in your sales column chart. Normally you would right-click the appropriate column and click on Analyze > Explain increase. However, this time insights does not appear to be available.

What are TWO possible reasons insights is not working?

A. You use hierarchies
B. You use TOP-N filters
C. You have filtered measures
D. You use a stacked column chart

Answer 6

B. You use TOP-N filters
C. You have filtered measures

Question 7

You are creating a Power BI report for your organization’s factory operation. The factory is equipped with IoT sensors that monitor robotic performance telemetry. The factory’s quality assurance department assesses each product coming off the assembly line and makes a determination as to the product’s readiness for delivery and records the decision in the database. Your report must highlight the telemetry responsible for quality.

Which FIELDS would you add to the “Analyze” field well of the visual?

A. Telemetry
B. Quality
C. Department
D. Date

Answer 7

B. Quality

The field in this scenario that describes the outcome is the quality field.

Question 8

You are creating a Power BI report for your organization’s factory operation. The factory is equipped with IoT sensors that monitor robotic performance telemetry. The factory’s quality assurance department assesses each product coming off the assembly line and makes a determination as to the product’s readiness for delivery and records the decision in the database. Your report must highlight the telemetry responsible for quality.

Which of the following visualizations will you choose for your report?

A. Scatter
B. Q&A
C. KPI
D. Key Influencers

Answer 8

D. Key Influencers

A visual that identifies the factors that influence the outcome of an observation is the key influencers visual. The QA team makes a decision (determination) on readiness. You have to identify the factors that influenced that decision. The best visual for this is the key influencers visual.

Question 9

You are creating a Power BI report for your organization’s factory operation. The factory is equipped with IoT sensors that monitor robotic performance telemetry. The factory’s quality assurance department assesses each product coming off the assembly line and makes a determination as to the product’s readiness for delivery and records the decision in the database. Your report must highlight the telemetry responsible for quality.

Which FIELDS would you add to the “Explain by” fieldwell of the visual?

A. Telemetry
B. Quality
C. Department
D. Date

Answer 9

A. Telemetry

The factors influencing the outcome (quality) are the telemetry fields

Question 10

What Text Analytics AI Insights are NOT available in Power BI ?

A. Language Detection
B. Sentiment Analysis
C. Key Phrase Extraction
D. Word sense Disambiguation

Answer 10

D. Word sense Disambiguation

AI insights supports language detection, sentiment analysis and key phrase extraction. Word sense disambiguation involves detecting the meaning of a word within its context. For example, light can be used as a weight, a color or an electrical appliance. Word sense disambiguation is not available in Power BI.

Question 11

You are a Supply Chain analytics manager and have data on customer fill rates. A fill rate is a KPI of the fraction of customer demand that is met through immediate stock availability.

You need to restrict a visual to show the bottom 5 customers with the lowest fill rates. Solution: Create a measure of the bottom five customers using the TOPN function.

Does this solution meet your goal?

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 11

A. Yes

You can use the TOPN DAX function to give the top or bottom values in a table.

Question 12

You are a Supply Chain analytics manager and have data on customer fill rates. A fill rate is a KPI of the fraction of customer demand that is met through immediate stock availability.

You need to restrict a visual to show the bottom 5 customers with the lowest fill rates. Solution: Apply a Basic Filter on the visual (Visual level filter)

Does this solution meet your goal?

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 12

B. No

A basic filter will not filter the bottom or top N items. However, if you use a Top N filter on the visual you can get the bottom 5 customer with the lowest fill rates.

Question 13

You create an R visual in Power BI that has 500,000 rows. You notice that not all the data is shown and a message is displayed on the image.

Your boss asks you the cause of this issue. What is the reason not all data is shown?

A. You are using a version prior to 2.0 of the plotly library
B. You are missing an R package
C. The visual has too many rows
D. The resolution is too high

Answer 13

C. The visual has too many rows

R visuals for plotting are limited to 150,000 rows. If more than 150,000 rows are selected, only the top 150,000 rows are used and a message is displayed on the image. Additionally, the input data has a limit of 250 MB.

Question 14

You have a Power BI report that displays a bar chart and a donut chart on the same page. The bar chart shows the total sales by year and the donut chart shows the total sale by category.

You need to ensure that when you select a year on the bar chart, the donut chart remains unchanged. What should you do?

A. Edit the interactions from the Format menu.
B. Set a visual level filter on the bar chart.
C. Set a visual level filter on the donut chart.
D. Add a slicer to the page that uses the year column.

Answer 14

A. Edit the interactions from the Format menu.

You can use the “Edit Interactions” feature to control how visuals on a report page interact with each other. By selecting the bar chart and then selecting “Edit Interactions” from the Format menu, you can choose how the donut chart should respond when a year is selected on the bar chart.

Question 15

You have a busy report page called Sales and decide to use a detailed chart in a separate page using the drill through feature. The Sales page shows a visual of total sales by month.

When you click on drill through on the sales by month chart, it should redirect to a detail page called Sales Detail that shows sales for the selected month by category. The Sales Detail page should also preserve the filters from the original sales page.

What FOUR actions should you perform?

A. On the Sales Detail page, under Drill Through option, add Month as a Drill-through field
B. On the Sales page, under Drill Through option, add Month as a Drill-through field
C. Create a new page called Sales Detail
D. On the Sales Detail page, under Drill Through, toggle Keep All Filters as ON
E. On the Sales page, under Drill Through, toggle Keep All Filters as ON
F. Create a table visual to show total sales by Month and Category

Answer 15

In the following order:

C. Create a new page called Sales Detail
F. Create a table visual to show total sales by Month and Category
A. On the Sales Detail page, under Drill Through option, add Month as a Drill-through field
D. On the Sales Detail page, under Drill Through, toggle Keep All Filters as ON

Question 16

a _______________ visual is a tool that displays and analyzes data in a grid format to help users understand complex datasets.

Answer 16

matrix

Question 17

What is the maximum number of rows that an R visual can handle?

A. 1,000,000
B. 10,000
C. 150,000
D. 500,000

Answer 17

C. 150,000

Question 18

Which of the following filter options applies only to the specific visual in which it is defined?

A. Visual level
B. Page level
C. Report level
D. Drill through

Answer 18

A. Visual level

Question 19

You have a line chart that shows units manufactured by month. You want to add the on-time delivery metric for each month when you hover the mouse over a data point.

How would you provide the additional piece of data?

A. Add the on-time delivery column to the drill-through fields
B. Add the on-time delivery column to the secondary values field
C. Add the on-time delivery column to the tooltips field
D. Add the on-time delivery column to the small multiples field

Answer 19

C. Add the on-time delivery column to the tooltips field

A tooltip is a way of providing more contextual information and detail to data points on a visual. When you hover over a data point, the tooltip data will show.

Question 20

You have a Sales table that contains two date columns: [Order Date] and [Ship Date], each with a relationship to a [‘Calendar’] table. The active relationship is on the [Order Date] column.

You need to create a visualization that displays the quantities ordered and delivered per day.

Which field will you choose for the Axis of your area chart?

A. Sales[Order Date]
B. Sales[Ship Date]
C. ‘Calendar’[Date]
D. [Total Sales]

Answer 20

C. ‘Calendar’[Date]

You want to use the calendar table’s date column, since it presumably contains the entire date range from the sales table. You cannot use either of the two date columns in the sales table since you don’t know if there are orders or deliveries on all days.

Question 21

You have a Power BI report that contains five pages. Pages 1 to 4 are visible and page 5 is hidden. You need to create a solution that will enable users to quickly navigate from the first page to all the other visible pages. The solution must minimize development and maintenance effort as pages are added to the report.What should you do first?

A. Add a blank button to Page 1
B. Create a bookmark for each page
C. Add a bookmark navigation button to Page 1
D. Add a page navigation button to Page 1

Answer 21

D. Add a page navigation button to Page 1

Question 22

You are a stock trading analyst working with a table that contains Microsoft’s daily closing stock prices for the past year.

You have to create a Power BI visual to monitor Microsoft’s stock price along with the relevant information below:

· 52-week high,
· 52-week low
· Current Microsoft stock price
· Stock’s 50 Day Moving Average (DMA)

You track the stock price, and if the price moves above/below 50 DMA, you plan to buy/sell the stock in large quantities. Which visual would you use?

A. KPI Visual
B. Radial Gauge
C. Funnel Chart
D. Ribbon Chart

Answer 22

B. Radial Gauge

We can use both KPI visual and radial gauges to track a stock’s performance (current price) against a goal (50 DMA). But a radial gauge is appropriate, because only a radial gauge can display both low & high values.

Question 23

What is the default role assigned to members when adding them to a Power BI workspace?

A. Viewer
B. Contributor
C. Admin
D. Editor

Answer 23

A. Viewer

Question 24

Which of the following cannot be performed by a Member in Power BI?

A. Created, edit, delete, and publish reports and content
B. View and interact with reports and dashboards
C. Configure data refreshes
D. Remove users

Answer 24

D. Remove users

A user with a Member role in Power BI has the following permissions:

• Created, edit, delete, and publish reports and content
• View and interact with reports and dashboards
• Configure data refreshes
• Cannot remove users
• Cannot delete workspaces
• Cannot update the metadata about the workspaces

Adding/ Removing users can be performed only by users with Admin roles

Question 25

Which action is possible within a Power BI workspace?

A. Installing custom fonts for reports
B. Running machine learning algorithms on datasets
C. Enforcing row-level security on dashboards
D. Customizing the Power Query Editor interface

Answer 25

C. Enforcing row-level security on dashboards

(RLS) can be used in PBI to restrict data access for given users. Filters restrict data access at the row level, and you can define filters within roles1.

Customizing the Power Query Editor interface is incorrect because the PQE interface cannot be customized within a PBI workspace

Running machine learning algorithms on datasets is incorrect because PBI does not have built-in support for running machine learning algorithms on datasets.

Installing custom fonts for reports is incorrect because custom fonts cannot be installed directly within a PBI workspace. Instead, custom fonts must be installed on the operating system and will then be available to use in PBI reports

Question 26

Which option allows you to schedule automatic data refresh for a dataset in Power BI Service?

A. Power BI API
B. Power Query Editor
C. Dataflows
D. Gateway

Answer 26

D. Gateway

You can use a Gateway to schedule automatic data refresh for a dataset in Power BI Service. A gateway acts as a bridge between the on-premises data and the cloud services, allowing for secure data transfer

Question 27

Which of the following is not true about the Lineage View in Power BI?

A. Identify dashboards and reports that have not been refreshed
B. Determines pain points and bottlenecks in the data lineage
C. Increases the complexity of troubleshooting errors in data lineage
D. Observe the impact of change in one dataset on reports and dashboards

Answer 27

C. Increases the complexity of troubleshooting errors in data lineage

The Lineage View simplifies the troubleshooting process as we can see the path of the data from source to destination - thereby understanding the pain points and bottlenecks in the path

The Lineage view allows for efficient management of workspaces and identifies the impact of a change in a dataset on the reports and dashboards

The Lineage View can help identify dashboards and reports that need to be refreshed.

Question 28

Which of the following functions allows you to define filtered views for a specific list of users?

A. USER
B. ROLE
C. USERPRINCIPALNAME
D. USERELATIONSHIP

Answer 28

C. USERPRINCIPALNAME

The USERPRINCIPALNAME function in Power BI is used to dynamically filter data based on the unique identifier of the current user viewing the report. This function enables you to create filtered views tailored to individual users by associating their specific user principal name with data filtering.

Question 29

You have a fully hosted project management app on Microsoft Teams. Microsoft Power Apps were used in the development of the app. A Power BI report that integrates with the project management software must be written. Which connector ought you to choose?

A. Microsoft Teams Personal Analytics
B. SQL Server database
C. Dataverse
D. Dataflows

Answer 29

C. Dataverse

The Microsoft Dataverse connector provides an interface for creating a Microsoft Dataverse connection, the foundation used for generating instances of Microsoft Dataverse activities.

Question 30

You create a Power BI report for your company’s sales division that imports data from a Microsoft Excel file that is housed in a Microsoft SharePoint folder. The data model includes a number of measurements. From the current data, a Power BI report must be made. The solution must reduce the amount of development work. Which kind of data source need to you employ?

A. Power BI dataset
B. a SharePoint folder
C. Power BI dataflows
D. an Excel workbook

Answer 30

B. a SharePoint folder

Question 31

You have many document libraries on your Microsoft SharePoint Online site. There are manufacturing reports saved as Microsoft Excel files in one of the document libraries. The data structure is the same across all manufacturing reports. To load only the manufacturing reports to a table for analysis, you must utilize Power BI Desktop. What ought you to do?

A. Retrieve information from a SharePoint folder and type the site URL. Choose Transform, then filter using the manufacturing reports library’s folder location

B. Enter the site URL and retrieve information from a SharePoint list. Filter by the folder path to the manufacturing reports library after choosing Combine & Transform

C. Enter the site URL, choose Combine & Load, and then get the data from a SharePoint folder

D. Enter the site URL, choose Combine & Load, and then get data from a SharePoint list

Answer 31

A. Retrieve information from a SharePoint folder and type the site URL. Choose Transform, then filter using the manufacturing reports library’s folder location

You will Retrieve information from a SharePoint folder and type the site URL. Choose Transform, then filter using the manufacturing reports library’s folder location

Question 32

You have a CSV file with user complaints in it. The file has a column called Logged in it. Each complaint’s log entry includes the date and time that it happened. The information in Logged is organized in follows: 2018-12-31 at 08:59. You must be able to use an internal date hierarchy and the logged date to assess the complaints. What ought you to do

A. Use a transformation to pull off the last 11 characters from the Logged column, then change the new column’s data type to Date

B. Change the Logged column’s data type to Date

C. Use at as the delimiter to split the Logged column

D. Use a transformation to obtain the Logged column’s first 11 characters

Answer 32

D. Use a transformation to obtain the Logged column’s first 11 characters

Question 33

In a Microsoft OneDrive folder, you have a Microsoft Excel document. A Power BI dataset must import the file. You must make sure that PowerBI.com can refresh the dataset. Which two connectors can you use to connect to the file? Each correct answer presents a complete solution.

A. Excel Workbook
B. Text/CSV
C. Folder
D. SharePoint folder
E. Web

Answer 33

A. Excel Workbook
C. Folder

Question 34

You have a sales transaction database stored in Azure SQL. The database is regularly updated. To find phoney transactions, you must create reports from the data. After an update, the data must be accessible within five minutes. How should the data connection be set up?

A. Add a SQL statement
B. Set the Command timeout in minutes setting
C. Set Data Connectivity mode to Import
D. Set Data Connectivity mode to DirectQuery

Answer 34

D. Set Data Connectivity mode to DirectQuery

Question 35

You are using Microsoft Power BI to model data. A sizable Microsoft SQL Server table named Order that contains more than 100 million records is a component of the data model. You must import a portion of the Order table’s data during the development process. Solution: You provide a filter at the report level that is dependent on the order date. Is the objective being met?

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 35

B. No

To meet the objective of importing only a portion of the Order table’s data during the development process and reduce the amount of data loaded into Power BI, you should apply a filter at the data source level. This means modifying the SQL statement or using Power Query Editor to filter the data before it is loaded into Power BI.

Question 36

You have a Power BI report that imports two tables from an Azure SQL database: a sales table and a date table. The sales table’s date foreign keys are as follows: Due date, purchase date, and delivery date. You must back up the historical sales analysis based on all date foreign keys. Solution: You generate measures that filter sales based on the current relationship between the sales table and the date table using the USERELATIONSHIP DAX function. Is the objective being met?

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 36

B. No

The objective is not being met based on the provided solution. Using the USERELATIONSHIP DAX function does not change the relationships between tables; it only allows you to override the active relationships temporarily within a specific DAX formula.

If you want to back up the historical sales analysis based on all date foreign keys, you should consider creating additional relationships between the sales table and the date table for each date foreign key.

Question 37

You create a Power BI report using an Excel workbook stored on OneDrive for Business as the data source in Power BI Desktop.

You need to replace the Excel workbook with a new version that contains updated data. You should not change the report data model after replacing the workbook.

Select Yes if the below statement is true. Otherwise, select No.

The Excel workbook must have the same file path and name as the original workbook.

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 37

A. Yes

You can change the file path for an Excel file in the Data source settings in Power BI Desktop. The file can be in a different folder on your local computer and can have a different name.

The Excel workbook must have the same structure as the original file. If the columns are different (either with more or fewer columns, or differently named columns), this will break the report, requiring further changes to the data model to fix it.

You cannot edit your Excel workbook in Power BI. If you edit the workbook in OneDrive for Business, the changes will be imported into Power BI automatically.

Question 38

You need to write a DAX measure that returns the revenue for selected dates during the previous year. Which two DAX functions should you include in the measure? Each correct answer presents part of the solution.

A. CALCULATE
B. CLOSINGBALANCEYEAR
C. PREVIOUSQUARTER
D. SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR

Answer 38

A. CALCULATE
D. SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR

CALCULATE: Modifies the context by applying filters
CLOSINGBALANCEYEAR: Retrieves values at the last date of the year
PREVIOUSQUARTER: Returns dates or data from the previous quarter
SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR: Shifts the date context back by one year for year-over-year analysis.

Question 39

You use Power BI Desktop to prepare data.

You import a set of data using Power Query. You need to identify whether a column contains only unique values.

Which two Data preview options can you use to meet your goal? Each correct answer presents a complete solution.

A. Column distribution
B. Monospaced
C. Column profile
D. Column quality

Answer 39

A. Column distribution
C. Column profile

Question 40

You are analyzing data quality for a dataset in Power Bl.

You use Power Query to preview the data. You need to examine the quality of the data. For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No.

Statement: You can use Column quality in Data Preview to analyze the entire dataset.

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 40

A. Yes

By default, you can use Power Query to examine the first 1,000 rows of your dataset, but you can change this configuration to analyze the whole dataset instead.

This applies to the Column profile, Column distribution, and Column quality options in Data Preview.

Question 41

You are analyzing data quality for a dataset in Power Bl.

You use Power Query to preview the data. You need to examine the quality of the data. For each of the following statements, select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No.

Statement: You should enable Power Query background refresh to ensure that the preview data is up to date.

A. Yes
B. No

Answer 41

B. No

You should not enable Power Query background refresh to ensure that the preview data is up to date. This can result in preview data becoming out of date. The preview data is cached and not updated when the dataset is refreshed.

Question 42

You are analyzing data quality on a set of data that you imported with Power Query. You need to use the correct Data Preview options to analyze the data.

Which Data Preview option should you use on the scenario - To find the percentage of errors in a column

A. Column distribution
B. Colum profile
C. Column quality
D. Show whitespace
E. Monospaced

Answer 42

C. Column quality

You should use Column quality to find the percentage of errors in a column. Column quality shows the percentage of valid, error, and empty values in a column.

Question 43

Your data model contains the following tables:

• Calendar table: 25K rows that are updated rarely
• Product table: 2K rows that are updated monthly
• Sales table: 10M rows that are updated regularly, and changes need to be reflected immediately

You need to identify the best storage mode for the data model tables. Which storage mode should you use for Sales table?

A. Import
B. DirectQuery

Answer 43

B. DirectQuery

The DirectQuery method is preferred when you have a huge volume of data consisting of millions of rows. It is also useful when changes to the table need to be reflected immediately in the data model or report. In the DirectQuery method, queries are directly sent to the underlying data source.

Question 44

Your data model contains the following tables:

• Calendar table: 25K rows that are updated rarely
• Product table: 2K rows that are updated monthly
• Sales table: 10M rows that are updated regularly, and changes need to be reflected immediately You need to identify the best storage mode for the data model tables.

Which storage mode should you use for Calendar table?

A. Import
B. DirectQuery

Answer 44

A. Import

The Import method is preferred when you have fixed or static rows with a low volume of data, meaning a few thousand rows that are updated infrequently. In the Import method, data is cached into Power BI.

Question 45

You plan to get data for a Power BI dataset from flat files.

You need a location type that requires you to provide credentials for a Microsoft account. Which location type should you recommend?

A. OneDrive for Business
B. local file
C. SharePoint - Team Sites
D. OneDrive personal account

Answer 45

A. OneDrive for Business

Question 46

You have an Excel spreadsheet that contains three columns labeled Year, 2021 and 2012.

The entries in rows for the first column consists of names of the individual months in the year, while the other two columns contain the sales amount for each month for the corresponding year.

You import data from the Excel spreadsheet into Power BI Desktop.

You need to transform the data so it will consist of three columns, with the first one containing month, the second one containing year, and the third containing sales amount for that month and year.

Which transformation should you use first?

A. Unpivot
B. Transpose
C. Pivot
D. Remove Columns

Answer 46

A. Unpivot

Selecting Unpivot will allow you to shape the current table into the one with the year, month and sales amount columns, which will need to be renamed afterwards.

Pivot would be applicable in the opposite scenario, in which flat data needs to be reorganized into one column containing aggregate values for each unique value in each column.

Transposing would switch tables and columns.

Removing columns would result in a table with insufficient data to perform unpivot.

Question 47

For a diagnostic test center, you have to create standard dimension tables like Patient, Pathologist, and Tests that can be used in your organization for data modeling and report creation.

Which of the following would you do/create?

A. Use common data model
B. Shared Datasets
C. Certify the dataset
D. Dataflows

Answer 47

D. Dataflows

Using Power BI dataflows, you can define reusable Power Query transformations on a list of tables to create standard dimensions for your model. The report creators in your organization can then connect to these dataflows and reuse the dimension tables like Patient, Pathologist, Tests, etc., for data modeling and report creation.

Question 48

You are creating a collapsible slicer panel on one of your report pages. Users click on a button to reveal the slicer panel from where they can adjust the slicers for your report page. Clicking the button again removes the slicer panel.

When designing the report, which item from the list below will you use to toggle between the collapsed and revealed state of the panel?

A. Bookmark > Update
B. Selection Pane > Show
C. Button > Action
D. Slicer > Format

Answer 48

B. Selection Pane > Show

Showing and hiding visuals on your report page is configured using the selection pane at design time.

To create a slicer panel you will be using a combination of buttons (or images), bookmarks, the selection pane, and slicers.

Question 49

You are developing a report page.

Some users will navigate the report by using a keyboard, and some users will consume the report by using a screen reader. You need to ensure that the users can consume the content on a report page in a logical order.

What should you configure in Microsoft Power BI Desktop?

A. The layer order
B. The tab order
C. The bookmark order
D. The X position

Answer 49

B. The tab order

Question 50

You have an Excel spreadsheet that contains two columns as follows:

1. Category: Contains names of categories
2. Subcategory: Contain names of subcategories for each category.

You import the Excel spreadsheet into Power BI Desktop. You need to transform the data to meet the following requirements:

1. Have multiple columns, where one column represents one category
2. Have a single row that includes the total count of subcategories for each category

Which transformation should you use first?

A. Pivot columns
B. Unpivot columns
C. Transpose table
D. Rename columns

Answer 50

A. Pivot columns

The pivot column operation converts data into a table by aggregating values in a column. In this case, you can pivot the columns to calculate the count of product subcategories in each product category. The unpivot column operation performs the opposite task, converting columns into rows. Renaming columns would result in a table with different column names but the same data content. Transposing would simply switch rows and columns, without the required aggregation