power and gender theories Flashcards
affordance
what technology allows you to do
constraint
what a form of technology stops you from being able to do
Web 2.0 around the year 2000
the start of websites and then social media which users could interact with and where they could generate content
bricoleur’s webkit
the notion that we curate versions of ourselves online like an online persona
hyperlink
part of the non-linear nature of texts
- we can click on a link which takes us to a different part of the site or another site altogether
linear or non linear texts
online texts can be read in a non linear way with links from one page to another, boxes, menus etc
traditional published media is more linear
gender asymmetry
male and female terms are not equal
- master and mistress
marking
the usual form of the term is followed by an additional suffix or modifier
- working mother, male nurse, stewardess
order of precedence
male term is often places before the female term
generic “he”
where male pronoun or term is used for everyone
- mankind
semantic derogation
- where words undergo pejoration
- pejoration = gaining a negative association
- mistress
covert or overt prestige Trudgill 1974
Trudgill found that females were more likely to adopt overt prestige in formal settings but this was less likely with males
lakoff - language and women’s place in the 1970s
super polite forms
empty adjectives
tannen - rapport talk vs report talk
rapport talk is among females, language to bond, about people, build relationships vs report talk among males, talking about things
waring social political and personal power
- social = social group –> friends, family, class
- political = legal –> police, judge, barrister
- personal = occupational –> doctor, teacher
influential vs instrumental power
instrumental power enforces authority imposed by the law, schools for example
influential power is persuasive
Fairclough synthetic personalisation
gives an audience, who are treated en masse, the impression of being considered as individuals
morreal - humour and power
humour can be used to gain superiority, involves breaking “rules”
Sapir-whorf
language determines thought
linguistic determinism
language determins thought
linguistic relativism
language influences viewpoints and our ideologies
