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Global Politics > Power And Development > Flashcards

Power And Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is hard power

A

A states abillity to command/force others to comply e.g. military

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2
Q

What is soft power

A

A states ability to attract/persuade others
E.g. diplomacy and culture

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3
Q

What is smart power

A

Using hard power and soft power to achieve its aims e.g. USA and Russia - Cuban missile crisis
‘Speak softly but carry a big stick’
‘Carrot and stick’ - a critism of smart power is that soft power is irrelavent without hard power

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4
Q

What is smart power

A

Using hard power and soft power to achieve its aims e.g. USA and Russia - Cuban missile crisis
‘Speak softly but carry a big stick’
‘Carrot and stick’ - a critism of smart power is that soft power is irrelavent without hard power

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5
Q

What is a great power

A
  • A state that has considerable international presence in the world
  • it wields significant global influence through the various capabilities in which we measure power(i.e military and economic)
  • typically it will seen to have an active foreign policy and will want to play a role in determining international affairs
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6
Q

What is a superpower

A
  • A state that processes all the characteristics of a great power but will be able to make it’s influence felt anywhere in the world
  • can be thought of as having ‘ mastered all capabilities in which we measure power(strongest military/economy)
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7
Q

What is a superpower

A
  • A state that processes all the characteristics of a great power but will be able to make it’s influence felt anywhere in the world
  • can be thought of as having ‘ mastered all capabilities in which we measure power(strongest military/economy)
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8
Q

What is a rising power

A
  • A state that is growing in power in certain areas and will likely have a significant regional influence
  • it is acquiring or seeking to acquire - great power status but has not yet met all the criteria
  • it is often thought that a rising power is challenging the position of an established great power
  • scholars debate about wether a state can rise peacefully or wether it will always result in war
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9
Q

Example of superpower

A

United States - massive economy and population (333.3 million)

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10
Q

Example of superpower

A

United States - massive economy and population (333.3 million)

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11
Q

Example of great power

A

China - industrialised, 2nd biggest economy, big population

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12
Q

Example of rising power

A

India - massive population

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13
Q

Example of regional power

A

Brazil - dominant state in South America due to high geographical presence

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14
Q

What is a middle power

A

France

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15
Q

Example of minor power

A

Azerbaijan

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16
Q

Example of declining power

A

Russia

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17
Q

Describe USA(population, economy, military)

A

335 million population
$27 trillion GDP
$916 billion USA military spending

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18
Q

Describe china(population, economy, military spending)

A

1.422 billion population
$17.7 trilllion economy
$296 military budget

19
Q

Describe belt and road initiative

A

Key goals - connect china to other countries so more trade can occur, strengthen military connections, spread influence of communism through Europe and Asia.
Impact - increase the flow of money around the world and therefore increase GDP of china and the other countries is connected to.
Success - claiming territories

20
Q

Describe and define polarity

A

Polarity refers to the ‘poles of power’
Polarity can be defined as - the way in which power is distributed in the international system

21
Q

What are three types of polarity

A

Unipolarity -
Bipolarity
Multi polarity

22
Q

Describe unipolarity

A

Single pole of power. The state would be a superpower and referred to as a hegemony(or hegemonic power).

23
Q

Advantage of unipolarity

A

Less likely for conflict of ideologies(policing the world)

24
Q

Advantage of unipolarity

A

Less likely for conflict of ideologies(policing the world)

25
Q

Disadvantage of unipolarity

A

May abuse it’s power due to no threats, weakens abilities of states

26
Q

Describe bipolarity

A

Two peoples of power. Two states compete against each other for dominance. Two states are considered great/super power - balance of power

27
Q

What is Thucydides trap and how does it link to polarity

A

‘It was the rise of Athens and the fear that this instilled in Sparta that made war inevitable - Thucydides. 2 conflicting powers will most probably lead to war.

28
Q

In what was it a good thing that America is the global hegemonic superpower. Why should we favour unipolarity?

A

Reduces conflict as there is less competition, benefits it’s allies such as most Western European countries and countries with same ideologies

29
Q

Describe hegemonic stability theory

A
  • A hegemony that is perceived to be benign can act as a global police man and promote global stability
  • Pax Americana - USA global policeman as they hold peace throughout the world through strong economic presence(free market capitalism)
  • smaller power ‘bandwogoned’ behind the US in order to secure their own protection, share ideals, and avoid America wrath
30
Q

Describe hegemonic stability theory

A
  • A hegemony that is perceived to be benign can act as a global police man and promote global stability
  • Pax Americana - USA global policeman as they hold peace throughout the world through strong economic presence(free market capitalism)
  • smaller power ‘bandwogoned’ behind the US in order to secure their own protection, share ideals, and avoid America wrath
31
Q

Describe a democratic state

A
  • Characterised by free, fair and regular elections through which governments are accountable to the public
  • it values liberal rights and freedoms and places high emphasis on the empowerment of individuals
  • it derives it’s legitimacy from the popular consent of the public
32
Q

Describe a democratic state

A
  • Characterised by free, fair and regular elections through which governments are accountable to the public
  • it values liberal rights and freedoms and places high emphasis on the empowerment of individuals
  • it derives it’s legitimacy from the popular consent of the public
33
Q

Describe authoritarian state

A
  • a state in which power is concentrated solely in the hands of a single, usually unelected, person or party
  • the government and the the judiciary rule
  • all opposition is repressed
34
Q

Describe a semi-democratic state

A
  • a state that superficially possesses the features of a democracy, but has underlying authoritarian features/ tendencies
  • government won’t willingly relinquish power
  • the rule of law is limited since the government is not full committed to democratic principles of justice, fairness and tolerance
35
Q

Describe a semi-democratic state

A
  • a state that superficially possesses the features of a democracy, but has underlying authoritarian features/ tendencies
  • government won’t willingly relinquish power
  • the rule of law is limited since the government is not full committed to democratic principles of justice, fairness and tolerance
36
Q

Describe a non-democratic state

A
  • an autocratic or authoritarian state, in which power is concentrated either in the hand of an individual or a select few
  • they vary in deposits tendencies, with total irritation states the most ruthless in crushing internal dissent
  • different types of non-democratic states(think of it as a spectrum) but they often overlap
37
Q

Describe a non-democratic state

A
  • an autocratic or authoritarian state, in which power is concentrated either in the hand of an individual or a select few
  • they vary in deposits tendencies, with total irritation states the most ruthless in crushing internal dissent
  • different types of non-democratic states(think of it as a spectrum) but they often overlap
38
Q

Describe a non-democratic state

A
  • an autocratic or authoritarian state, in which power is concentrated either in the hand of an individual or a select few
  • they vary in deposits tendencies, with total irritation states the most ruthless in crushing internal dissent
  • different types of non-democratic states(think of it as a spectrum) but they often overlap
39
Q

Define authoritarian

A

Dominated by a state

40
Q

Define autocratic

A

Domination by individual

41
Q

Define totalitarian

A

Absolute control over all aspects of the state and the society

42
Q

Define rogue state

A

A state that acts in defence of international norms and threatens regional/global stability
E.g. north korea

43
Q

Define rogue state

A

A state that acts in defence of international norms and threatens regional/global stability
E.g. North Korea

44
Q

Describe and define failed state

A

A state whose government is no longer able to provide order and security within its boarders.
- law and order have collapsed
- the economy no longer functions
- the state struggles

Global Politics (2 decks)

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