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American National Government > Power and Citizenship > Flashcards

Power and Citizenship Flashcards

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0
Q

ability to get other people to do what you want them to do

A

Power

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1
Q

What is politics?

A

A peaceful means for determining who gets what in society

Harold Lasswell defined as; “Who gets what, when, and how”

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2
Q

Politics is the process through which we try to arrange our collective lives in some kind of social order so that we can:

A
  • live without crashing into each other
  • provide ourselves with goods and services we couldn’t obtain alone
  • maximize behaviors and values we think are important
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3
Q

If we could always get our way in politics, what would happen?

A

Politics would disappear.

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4
Q

Thomas Hobbes said what about a world without politics?

A

It’s “A war of all against all”

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5
Q

Our capacity to what saves us from this fate?

A

Our capacity to be political (persuade, compromise, cooperate, bribe, deceive) saves us from constant war.

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6
Q

A system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people

A

Government

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7
Q

Power that citizens view as legitimate, power to which we have implicitly consented

A

Authority

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8
Q

What happens when governments cease to be regarded as legitimate?

A

The result may be revolution or civil war

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9
Q

We can think of institutions as the what to the political struggle?

A

The “where”

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10
Q

__________ are organizations where governmental power is exercised

  • not only the rules, but also the _____________ we choose influence which people most easily and most often get their own way
A

Institutions

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11
Q

_______ is concerned specifically with production and distribution of society’s wealth

A

Economics

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12
Q

In a _________________ all means used to produce material resources are privately owned

A

Capitalist Economy

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13
Q

In a _________ decisions about production and distribution are left to free-market process

A

Capitalist economy

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14
Q

_________ rely on the process of supple and demand to decide quantity to produce and price

A

Capitalist economies

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15
Q

In capitalist countries, what don’t the people want?

A

The government to interfere into the economy

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16
Q

“Let the people do as they wish”

A

Laissez-Faire capitalism

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17
Q

What kind of capitalism does the US have?

A

Regulated

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18
Q

________ allows government to step in and regulate economy

to guarantee individual rights and to provide procedural guarantees that the rules will work smoothly and fairly.

A

Regulated capitalist economies

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19
Q

In a ______________ government may act to ensure safety of consumer republic and of working people, prevent monopolies, or provide goods and services people have no incentive to provide themselves.

A

Regulated capitalist economies

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20
Q

In a Socialist Economy:

A

economic decisions are made by politicians based on their judgement of what society needs

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21
Q

In a socialist economy:

A

politicians decide what the distribution ought to be and create economic policy to bring about outcome

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22
Q

In a socialist economy:

A

They don’t emphasize procedural guarantees of fair rules and process, but substantive guarantees of what THEY believe to be fair outcomes

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23
Q

What are the basic values of a socialist system?

A

It is unjust for some people to own more property than others, the state or society should own the property

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24
Q

What happens to societies that try out socialist systems?

A

They tend to become repressive.

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25
Q

What is a Social Democracy?

A

Hybrid economic system, middleground between socialist and capitalist systems that is primarily capitalist, in that they believe most property can be privately held.

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26
Q

What do proponents of social democracy argue?

A

That the values of equality promoted by socialism are attractive and can be brought about by democratic reform

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27
Q

What do proponents of social democracy attempt to do?

A

Attempts to strike a balance between providing substantive guarantees of fair outcomes and procedural guarantees of fair rules

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28
Q

Political system in which government has power to impose particular social order-deciding how individuals ought to behave

A

Authoritarian

29
Q

Political system in which individuals exercise personal power over most of their own behavior

A

Nonauthoritarian

30
Q

Authoritarian Systems:

A
  • gives ultimate power to the state

- people can’t effectively claim rights against the state, have to submit (be subjects)

31
Q

What kind of forms can authoritarian systems take?

A
  • dictatorship or monarchy
  • theocracy
  • fascism (state itself)
  • oligarchy (ruling class)
32
Q

What is totalitarianism?

A

when a system combines an authoritarian system with a socialist economy

33
Q

What are elements of authoritarian capitalism?

A

Considerable economic freedom, stringent social regulations

34
Q

What happens in Democratic and Nonauthoritarian systems?

A

ultimate power rests with individuals to make decisions concerning their lives

35
Q

extreme form of democracy; would do away with government laws altogether

A

Anarchy

36
Q

Isn’t external to the people, in fundamental sense; government IS the people
- tries to maximize freedom for individuals who live
under them
- majority rule, due process, etc.

A

Democracy

37
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A
  • Principle stating there is no power higher than the people

- no government is considered legitimate unless the governed consent to it

38
Q

Elite Democracy:

A

adherents of this view propose that democracy is a system of choosing among competing leaders

  • holds that political decisions made by elite in business, military, media, and education
  • elections are symbolic
39
Q

Pluralist Democracy:

A

Adherents argue importance of group membership that participate in government decision making on members behalf

40
Q

Participatory Democracy:

A

adherents claim more than consent and majority rule in making governmental decisions

  • direct democratic participation
41
Q

Advanced Industrial Democracies:

A

combine personal freedom with free-market regulated economy

42
Q

Communist Democracy:

A

Radical democracy and communally owned property. Has never existed.

43
Q

Role of the people in Authoritarian Systems and Democratic Systems:

A

People are subjects in authoritarian systems, people are citizens in democratic systems.

44
Q

True or False: Just because a system is called a democracy is no guarantee that all or even most of its citizens possess the statues of citizen

A

True

45
Q

What is the foundation of government, and what leads them to being governed?

A

Reason:
The foundation of government is REASON, not faith, and reason leads people to consent to being governed because they are better off that way

46
Q

What is a social contract?

A

Locke: The rights and freedoms people have before government exists.
When people decide they are better off WITH government, they give up some of these rights in exchange for protection.

47
Q

What happens if a social contract is broken?

A

People are free to form new governments

48
Q

Democracy in America consists of:

A

Limited participation to limit the impact of self-interested citizenry

49
Q

Republic:

A

employs representation and can work in a large state

50
Q

Republican Virtue:

A

virtuous citizen could be trusted with most serious political decisions, would be willing to sacrifice his own advancement for the sake of the whole

51
Q

First competing view of citizenship, echoing Madison:

A

Sees human nature as self-interested and holds that individual participation in government should be limited

52
Q

Second competing view of citizenship, echoing JFK:

A

Puts faith in citizen’s ability to act virtuously

-more prominent in times of war and tragedy

53
Q

Who is a citizen of the United States?

A

Native-born and naturalized citizens.

54
Q

What do Americans believe?

A
  • a common culture based on shared values

- fundamental attitudes and beliefs about how the world works, how it should work.

55
Q

What is political culture?

A
  • orientation or disposition of a nation

- shared values and beliefs about nature of political world

56
Q

Values:

A

ideas or principles that most people agree are important

57
Q

What are normative statements?

A

aren’t true or false, but depend for their worth on the arguments made to back them up.

58
Q

In American political culture:

A

Our expectation of government focus on rules and processes rather than some results

59
Q

What is individualism?

A
  • A belief in the primacy of the individual citizen.

- Individuals, not government or society, are seen as responsible for their own well-being

60
Q

Freedom:

A

freedom for the individual from restraint by the state

61
Q

Equality:

A

Government should guarantee equality of treatment, of access, and of opportunity; equality before the law, political restraint.

62
Q

Ideologies:

A

set of beliefs and opinions about politics, economy, and society

63
Q

True or False: sharing a political culture doesn’t me we don’t have ideological differences

A

True

64
Q

Two main Ideological camps:

A

liberals (democrat), conservative (republican)

-no matter the ideological camp; we are still procedural and individualistic

65
Q

Economic liberal:

A
  • willing to allow government to make substantive decisions about the economy, but individualistic
  • love for their country is tempered by view that government should be held to same strict procedural standard to which individuals are held
66
Q

Economic conservative:

A

reluctant to allow government interference into people’s private lives, but government should limit involvement in economy as well

67
Q

Libertarians:

A

extreme economic conservative view, believes that minimal government action in any sphere is acceptable

68
Q

Social liberals:

A
  • Happy to see government action to realize a substantive vision of what society should be like
  • progressive
  • government is valued for how well it realizes this vision of substantive fairness.
69
Q

Communitarian:

A
  • Most extreme social liberal
  • strong commitment to community based on radical equality of all peope
  • holds that individuals should be expected to make some sacrifices for the betterment of society
70
Q

Social conservative:

A
  • Primary concern is with their vision of moral tone of life

- emphasis on fundamentalist religious values and traditional family values, rejection of diversity

71
Q

Citizenship in politics:

A

The gap between the ideal and the practice of American democracy

American National Government (2 decks)

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