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Community Health > Poverty and Homelessness > Flashcards

Poverty and Homelessness Flashcards

1
Q

Health disparities (inequalities)

A
  • wide variations in health services and health status in certain population groups
  • could be avoided if reasonable action were taken (therefore socially unjust)
  • social, economic, cultural, political inequalities = health disparities
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2
Q

Resilience

A

ability to cope in threat of hardship; personal autonomy

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3
Q

Factors leading to vulnerability

A

health inequities, DOH (income, gender, biology, age) SDOH (food, income, social status, social support, employment)

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4
Q

Poverty

A

1 in 7 Canadians (4.8 million people) live in poverty

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5
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

inability to obtain necessities for health

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6
Q

Low-Income cut-off

A

20% of income on food, shelter, clothing

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7
Q

Poverty and Illness (intersections)

A
  • Low income is a risk factor for prevalence of: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, COPD, asthma and co-morbidities, infant mortality and decreased access
  • Indigenous Health: diabetes, heart problems, arthritis, cancer hypertension
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8
Q

Homelessness

A
  • Increasing globally
  • Estimated: 235,000
  • 3,634 homeless in Metro Van in 2020
  • Difficult to obtain accurate stats d/t no address and transient
  • Absolute homelessness
  • Sheltered homelessness
  • Hidden homelessness
  • Intersectionality of poverty and gender, race, education
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9
Q

Homelessness & Healthcare

A
  1. Mortality & unintentional injuries
  2. HIV/AIDS
  3. Musculoskeletal disorders & chronic pain
  4. Hunger & Nutrition
  5. Skin & food infections
  6. Infectious disease - dental problems
  7. Respiratory illness - Bronchitis/pneumonia
  8. Chronic disease & disorders
  9. Sexual & reproductive issues
  10. Mental health issues
  11. Substance abuse
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10
Q

who is most at risk to experience poverty in canada?
Does poverty equally affect all groups of people?
Racialization of poverty:

A

poverty is disproportionately concentrated and reproduced among racialized group members

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11
Q

Race:

A

is a social construct (people are designated as different & subjected to differential and unequal treatment)

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12
Q

Metro Vancouver by the Numbers: in person, hand to hand count done roughly every 3 years

A

The 3,634 counted in March is an overall increase of 29 people from 2017
- all-time high
- counts over past five years steady increase from 1,746 recorded in 2015 to 2,223 in 2019
- 1,364 in 2015

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13
Q

Food banks

A
  • 30,000 users
  • 52% of food banks had increase
  • food bank demand at all-time high in 2019
  • 4 million pounds of food distributed each year
  • increase in demand (cost of living, housing affordability, the cost of groceries, everything is going up)
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14
Q

Health is Political

A

Neoliberalism
- political & economic ideology
- intersecting factors contributing to poverty, homelessness, and food insecurity
- contributes to increased rates of poverty, homelessness, food security
- shifts focus away from political and structural causes

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15
Q

Violence: Increase in School Violence Bullying:
- physical bullying
- verbal bullying
- social bullying
- electronic bullying
- cyber-bullying

A

non-accidental acts, interpersonal and intrapersonal, results = physical or psychological injury to one or more persons
- Violence can be physical, psychological, sexual, financial, or spiritual in nature
- Cause of premature mortality, disability
- Significant factor in health care costs
- Canada 2005 - 2.04 homicides per 100, 000
- Domestic Violence 83% females

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16
Q

Community Mental Health

A
  • Across the lifespan
  • Stigma & discrimination
  • All races, cultures, socioeconomic groups, sexes
  • 1 in 5 canadians will experience mental illness in their lifetime
  • The other four will be affected by the mental health of a friend or family member
17
Q

Mental Illness in Canada

A
  • Anxiety disorders (panic, OCD, PTSD, Stress, Phobias (most common mental illness)
  • Depression
  • Mood disorders: Bipolar
  • Schizophrenia
  • Grief and Loss
  • PTSD
17
Q

Mental Illness in Canada

A
  • Anxiety disorders (panic, OCD, PTSD, Stress, Phobias (most common mental illness)
  • Depression
  • Mood disorders: Bipolar
  • Schizophrenia
  • Grief and Loss
  • PTSD
18
Q

Prevalence

A

By 2041 the number of Canadians living with mental illness will be over 1 million
- 1 in 5 Canadians will experience a Myocardial Infarction costing = Canada roughly 50 billion/year
- Not to mention the significant lost potential production, potential and progress

19
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A
  • Psychoactive drugs are divided into categories according to their effect on the central nervous system and the experiences the drug may induce
  • depressants (alcohol, heroin)
  • stimulants (nicotine, cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines)
  • Cannabis
  • Hallucinogens (LSD, Ecstasy, PCP)
  • Inhalants
  • Caffeine: insomnia, irritability, anxiety, GI, headaches
20
Q

Harm Reduction

A
  • Rethink programs the focus attention on dangerous health problems (HIV, AIDS, Hep C, overdose)
  • Refocus efforts to progressive change by: identifying SDOH, coordinate efforts (police, mental health addictions)
  • Goal: reduce harm to individuals, strengthen capacity of individual and communities, reduce incidence of diseases
21
Q

Supervised Injection Sites offer:

A
  • Supervision of injections
  • Emergency response to drug overdoses
  • Injection related First Aid (wounds)
  • Assess and referral to PHC services
  • Harm reduction teaching & counselling
  • Access to condoms, needles, injection equipment
  • Education and referrals
22
Q

Four pillars of Harm reduction

A
  1. Harm reduction
  2. Prevention
  3. Treatment
  4. Enforcement
23
Q

Four pillars of Harm reduction: Harm Reduction

A

education, testing, immunizations, protection of self & others, disease spread of CD

24
Q

Four pillars of Harm reduction: Prevention

A

promotion of healthy families/communities, prevention of substance use

25
Q

Four pillars of Harm reduction: Treatment

A

access to programs with goals of healthier lifestyle (methadone, peer-counselling, housing)

26
Q

Four pillars of Harm reduction: Enforcement

A

Preserve public order/safety (decrease organized crime, trafficking

27
Q

Fraser Health: Blood Borne Pathogen Team

A
  • Team of nurses in FHA who follow-up of HIV & Hep C cases with goal of decreased HIV and Hep C in community
  • HIV = reportable disease
  • provide support, education and help with partner notification
  • STOP program: Seek & Treat for Optimal Prevention
  • STIBBI
  • on site testing for HIV testing (high-risk groups)
28
Q

Tenets of Harm reduction

A
  • education and outreach (street nursing)
  • referrals to health & social services (housing, meds, safety)
  • low threshold support services
  • clean needle programs
29
Q

Vulnerable Clients & Nursing Process: Regardless of setting, CHNs should do the following:

A
  1. create a trusting environment
  2. show respect, compassion, and concern
  3. not make assumptions
  4. coordinate services and providers
  5. advocate for accessible health care services
  6. focus on prevention
  7. Know potential resources
  8. Build capacity for client to build own support network
30
Q

Primordial Prevention

A
  • public policy that reduces structural inequities
  • ex. Poverty
  • Systemic factor: increases risk of substance use
  • structural - realted to economic, employment policies, access to social services
  • reducing poverty - involves transforming policy context guaranteed annual income for refugees
  • increased child benefits
31
Q

Primary Prevention - preventing problematic use

A
  • affordable housing
  • housing subsidies
  • effective job-training programs
  • employer incentives
  • preventive health care services
32
Q

Secondary Prevention

A
  • early identification of when substance use becomes problematic/rapid support to assist individual in addressing root causes (reduce or end substance use)
  • aimed at reducing the prevalence or pathological nature of a condition
  • involves early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and the limitation of disability
    Ex.
  • supportive and emergency housing
  • counselling, treatment, recovery programs - individual vs. continuum.
33
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

reducing the harms of problematic use for individuals using substances and their families/communities
- aimed at restoring and enhancing functioning
- ex. Promoting psychosocial rehabilitation programs
- Child welfare - collaboratively supporting the health and well-being of family members living with problematic substance use
- can also include treatment

Community Health (11 decks)

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