Poverty

Question 1

Whom of the following does not belong to a poor and vulnerable group-

1. Push cart vendors
2. Women who string flowers
3. An employee of Google
4. Street cobblers

Answer 1

An employee of Google

Question 2

Which of the following is not a feature of the poorest households?

1. Hunger and starvation
2. Lack of basic skills and literacy
3. Limited economic opportunities
4. Stable employment

Answer 2

Stable employment

Question 3

On what basis do economists identify the poor?

Answer 3

Their occupation and

ownership of assets

Question 4

Who all do the rural poor consist of?

Answer 4

Landless agricultural labourers,
cultivators with very small
landholdings, or landless labourers,who are engaged in a variety of non-agricultural jobs and tenant cultivators with small land holdings

Question 5

Who all do the urban poor consist of?

Answer 5

Rural poor
who had migrated to
urban areas, casual labourers
 and the self-employed
who sell a variety of
things on roadside.

Question 6

Who was the first In pre-independent India to

discuss the concept of a Poverty Line?

Answer 6

Dadabhai Naoroji

Question 7

What was Dadabhai Naoroji ‘s poverty line called?

Answer 7

Jail cost of living

Question 8

On what basis are the poor and non poor divided?

Answer 8

On the basis of the poverty line.

Question 9

Chronic poor consists of people who are______

Answer 9

always poor and those who are usually poor but who

may sometimes have a little more money.

Question 10

Whom does the transient poor include?

Answer 10

Churning poor who regularly move in and out of
poverty and the
occasionally poor who are rich most of the time but may sometimes have a patch of bad luck

Question 11

How often do the non poor fall below the poverty line?

Answer 11

Never

Question 12

What is the minimum calorie intake estimated for a rural
person and an urban
person in India?

Answer 12

2,400 calories for a rural

person and 2,100 calories for a person in the urban area.

Question 13

How was the poverty line defined in 2011-12?

Answer 13

Rs 816 per

person a month in rural areas and Rs 1,000 in urban areas

Question 14

State two problems with the poverty line.

Answer 14

1.It groups all the poor together and does not differentiate according to extent of poverty.
2 It.takes into account
expenditure on food and a few select items as proxy for income and leaves out many factors.

Question 15

Development includes removing the obstacles to the things that a person
can do in life, such as-
1.illiteracy
2.lack of access to resources
3. lack of civil and political
freedoms.
4. all of the above

Answer 15

4.All of the above

Question 16

The poverty index developed by Amartya Sen is called_________

Answer 16

Sen Index

Question 17

What is ‘Head Count Ratio’?

Answer 17

When the number of poor is
estimated as the proportion of
people below the poverty line.

Question 18

How has the proportion of poor in India changed from 1973-2012?

Answer 18

Reduced from 55 to

22 per cent.

Question 19

Name four states where the poverty levels are still far above the national poverty level.

Answer 19

Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and

Uttar Pradesh

Question 20

What are the general, economy-wide problems that lead to poverty?

Answer 20

(i) low capital formation
(ii) lack of infrastructure
(iii) lack of demand
(iv) pressure of population
(v) lack of social/welfare nets.

Question 21

What are the social factors that lead to poverty?

Answer 21

(i) social, economic and political inequality
(ii) social exclusion
(iii) unemployment
(iv) indebtedness
(v) unequal distribution of wealth

Question 22

Why did as many as 26
million people die in famines
between 1875 and 1900?

Answer 22

Because under the British,

India began to export food grains.

Question 23

Why was redistribution of land successful only to a limited extent?

Answer 23

1. large sections of agricultural workers were not able to farm the small holdings that they now possessed as they did
   not have either money (assets) or skills to make the land productive.
2. the land holdings were too small to be viable.
3. most of the Indian
   states failed to implement land redistribution policies

Question 24

Which Plan pointed out that “the benefits of economic development must accrue
more and more to the relatively less privileged classes of society”?

Answer 24

The Second Five Year Plan (1956-61)

Question 25

What is the three

dimensional approach of the government to poverty reduction?

Answer 25

1. growth oriented approach. that the effects of
   economic growth would spread to all sections of society.
2. specific poverty alleviation programmes to raise incomes and employment for the
   poor.
3. provide minimum basic
   amenities to the people

Question 26

What are programmes under the third approach expected to do?

Answer 26

Programmes under this approach are expected to supplement the consumption of the poor, create employment opportunities and bring
about improvements in health and education.

Question 27

Name three
major programmes that aim at
improving the food and nutritional status of the poor .

Answer 27

Public Distribution System, Integrated Child Development Scheme and Midday Meal
Scheme.

Question 28

When was the Pradhan Mantri

Jan-Dhan Yojana launched?

Answer 28

2014

Question 29

List 3 objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana.

Answer 29

1.promoting savings habit
2. transfer of all the benefits of government schemes and subsidies to account
holders directly.
3. Each bank account
holder is also entitled to Rs. 1 lakh accident insurance and Rs. 30,000 life insurance cover.

Question 30

Name 3 self-employment

programmes implemented until 2008.

Answer 30

Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP), Prime Minister’s
Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) and Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
(SJSRY).