Pourmattaboid 4 Flashcards
1
Q
- What are some major effects of histamine?
A
- major mediator of allergic response via mast cells, constricts lungs in bronchospasms, releases HCl in stomach, excitatory neurotransmitter in brain
2
Q
- What does glycine contain both carbon and N2 for synthesis?
A
- Heme, Creatinine, purine bases
3
Q
- What is used to make creatinine?
A
- Glycine (kidney) arginine (liver)
4
Q
- What converts guanidoacetate to creatinine?
A
- SAM
5
Q
- What is used to measure heart malfunction? Kidney malfunction?
A
- Serum CK, plasma CK
6
Q
- What is the main function of creatinine phosphate?
A
- Store phosphate bonds as energy reserve
7
Q
- What isozyme of creatinine is in muscle? Heart? Brain?
A
- MM, MB, BB
8
Q
- What is heme synthesized from?
A
- Acetate and Gly
9
Q
- What are poryphins synthesized from?
A
- Gly and Succinyl CoA
10
Q
- What is made by decarboxylation of Glu?
A
- GABA (using PLP)
11
Q
- What is nitric oxide formed from?
A
- Arginine using nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (requires NADPH and oxygen)
12
Q
- What are some functions of NO?
A
- Vasodilation, neurotransmitter, helps in respiratory burst of macrophages, inhibits
platelet aggregation
13
Q
- What are three things Tyr is a precursor to?
A
- Pigments‐melanin, T4 and T3 hormones, catecholamines
14
Q
- What causes albinism?
A
- Deficiency of tyrosinase, (defect in melanin synthesis pathway)
15
Q
- What is tyrosinase related alibinism called?
A
- Type 1 oculocutaneous albinism (on chromosome 11)
16
Q
- What is a type of oculocutaneous albinism found on chromosome 15?
A
- Type 2
17
Q
- Is type 2 as severe as 1?
A
- No
18
Q
- Is type 3 as severe as 2?
A
- No, can’t notice unless from a dark skinned family
19
Q
- What chromosome is ocular albinism associated with?
A
- X, effects mostly eye movements
20
Q
- What does iodination of Tyr in thyroglobulin lead to?
A
- T4/T3
21
Q
- How is Tyr converted to Norepi?
A
- Tyr –> L Dopa –> Dopa –> Norepi
22
Q
- What is norepi converted to in presence of SAM?
A
- Epi
23
Q
- What does Epi break down to be excreted in urine?
A
- Vanillyl mandelic acid
24
Q
- What is high vanillyl mandelic acid indicative of?
A
- Tumor of chromaffin cells
25
Q
- What are some functions of catecholamines?
A
- Increase BP, HR,RR, muscle strength, etc.
26
Q
- What is involved in synthesis of serotonin and melatonin (AA)?
A
- Trp
27
Q
- What is the function of serotonin?
A
- Regulate anger, body temp, mood, sleep, vomiting, sexuality, appetite
28
Q
- What is the function of melatonin?
A
- Darkness hormone (circadian cycle), released from pineal gland
29
Q
- T or F: Serotonin is a diamine neurotransmitter
A
- F, monoamine
30
Q
- What have low levels of serotonin been associated with?
A
- OCD, migraine, IBS, tinnitus, fibromyalgia,etc.
31
Q
- How is melatonin synthesized from serotonin?
A
- Acetylation via acetylCoA and methylation via SAM
