Poultry Industry Flashcards
Poultry is a term for domestic fowl for…
meat, eggs, feathers, work
meat- chicken, turkey, duck, geeses, etc
Eggs - chicken, ducks, ostrich, emu
Feathers - chicken and ostrich
Work - homing and racing pigeons
what happened in 1971 that lead to 3 miillion birds being destroyed
Newcastle disease
what vaccine was appoved that lead to 25-60% less deaths in poultry
Mareks
what countries have the highest poultry numbers
US - 29.22 billion
China - 4.74 billion
what is the world total for poultry numbers
25 - 30 billion
poultry belong to the _______ taxonmoy class
aves (avian)
Chickens belong to the ______genus and the species gallus _______
gallus
domesticus
Turkeys belong to the ________ genus and the species ___________________
meleagris
meleagris gallopavo
What does the breed section of taxonomy differentiate between
breeds are animals of common origin
with different character4istics that distinguis them from other grouos if the same species
what does the variety section of taxonomy diffirentiate
variety is a subdivision of breed with different characteristics such as body shape, skin, color, feather or non feathered shanks
what does the strain section of taxonomy differintiate
strain is a family or breeding population within a variety that has common traits
Chicken Egg Breeds
a. Leghorn, Ancona, Minorca
b. pullets
a. egg breeds with good laying hens.
produces 20 dozens eggs in their first laying year and 16-18 in their second
b. at 20-24 wks eggs are small and they lay one egg every 3-4 days
at 30 wks eggs are normal sized and lay 2 eggs every 3 days
How many pounds of feed per day do White Eff breeds eat for every dozen eggs produced
3 pounds
How many pounds of feed do Brown egg breeds eat for every dozen eggs produced?
3.5 punds
What are the top chicken meat breeds and why
Orpington
Cornish
Australorp
- they have greater feed conversion rations
What are some dual purpose chicken breeds
New- Hamp
Plymouth rock
Rhode Island REd
- can produce up to 16 dozen eggs per year
- has slower feed conversion ratio
what are some of the chicken exhibition breeds
Bantams
1/4 less of the size of a large fowl
Seabrights + Silkies
what part of the chickens skeleton makes them able to fly>
Chickens have an S-shaped cervical vertebrate with fused spinal vertebrate with rigid conformation for flight. They also have pneumatic bones.
what is fast twitch
fast twitch are muscles that are considered white meat
what is slow twitch?
slow twitch are muscles that are considered dark meat
- Describe the following parts of the avian digestive system that differ from monogastric, foregut fermenters, and hindgut fermenters:
a. crop
b. proventriculus
c. ventriculus / gizzard
d. ceca
e. colon
f. cloaca
a. Crop:
The crop is a pouch that comes after the esophagus which stores feed.
b. Proventriculus:
The proventriculus is the true stomach where feed is hydrated and digested.
c. Ventriculus (gizzard): The ventriculus is the muscular stomach that grinds feed and grit/stone.
d. Ceca:
avians have 2 ceca, referred to as ceca, this is where the absorptions of water and fermentation happen.
e. Colon:
avian have short colons.
f. Cloaca:
The Cloaca is the common outlet of the GI, urinary, and reproductive system. This is where feces are mixed with urate crystals.
describe the respiratory system of avian
avians need to take two breathes to inhale and exhale,
2 inspirations and 2 experations
describe the following grades of chickens
a. Broiler or fryer:
usually 6-8 weeks old and weigh 2.5-4.5 pounds.
b. Roaster:
Less than 8 months old and weigh over 4 pounds.
c. Capon:
Capons are castrated males under 8 months old.
d. Stag:
Stags are male chickens under 10 months old.
e. Roosters:
Roosters are mature male chickens.
f. Hens or stewing chickens:
older than 10 months.
