poultry Flashcards
(250 cards)
1
Q
Which of the following is true for Perosis?
A
The tendon of the gastrocnemius slips off
2
Q
Osteomalacia is…?
A
None of the above (true def: defective bone mineralization)
3
Q
Which of the following statements is true for Osteoporosis?
A
There is a severe rarefaction in the spongy structure of bone
4
Q
What does amyelia mean?
A
Congenital lack of spinal cord
5
Q
Which of the following is classified by osteoclast hyperfunction?
A
Osteodystrophia fibrosa
6
Q
Perosis develops due to?
A
Mn deficiency
7
Q
What is the cause of the ossification disorder observed in newborn piglets?
A
Congenital rickets
8
Q
In whick of the following does optic nerve compression frequently occur?
A
Vit. A deficiency
9
Q
During osteothesaurismosis…
A
There is no deformation in the tubular bones
10
Q
Which of the following conditions is characteristic for the bones of an unused limb?
A
Osteoporosis
11
Q
Which is true for osteodystrophia fibrosa?
A
In animals it is usually a secondary pathological process
12
Q
What does poliomyelitis mean?
A
Inflammation of GM of spinal chord
13
Q
Which of the following is a congenital bone development disorder?
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta
14
Q
Ostodystrophia fibrosa frequently occurs in?
A
Facial bones / Ribs / Vertebrae / Long tubular bones
15
Q
Which of the following changes can be observed in case of myositis chronica eosinophilica?
A
Eosinophil granulocyte inflammation of the masticatory muscles
16
Q
Which of the following leads to osteopetrosis in birds?
A
Retrovirus
17
Q
Which histopathological change is characteristic for infectious spongiform encephalopathy?
A
Formation of amyloid plaques due to neuronal degeneration
18
Q
What age can hydrocephaly develop?
A
Any age
19
Q
What does panostetitis stand for?
A
Simultaneous inflam of the bone and periosteum
20
Q
In which of the following is there a decreased osteoid formation?
A
Calcium deficiency
21
Q
Which endocrine organ has a major role in the ossification process?
A
Parathyroid
22
Q
Which of the following changes is characteristic for Rickets?
A
All of them (uncalcificated cartilage and osteoid tissue in growing zone / CT in the
metaphysis / deformation of the bones)
23
Q
Which of the following is correct in case of Koves disease?
A
It is caused by Cl. Septicum and affects the swine
24
Q
Arthrosis can be defined as…
A
Regressive changes in the joint cartilage
25
Which virus cause proventriculitis lesion?
Caused by the virulent strain of infectious bursitis
26
What is the most common primary organ lesion for tuberculosis?
Intestines
| Lungs ?
27
What causes hemorrhagic tracheitis?
Herpesviridae
Alphaherpesvirinae
Infections laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV)
28
When does the airchamber appear, when is it formed in the egg?
Day 5
29
Where is the egg-shell pigmented in the oviduct?
Uterus (vagina-gland in the transition. Protoporfirin)
30
How can you differenciate Coli granulosa from tuberculosis?
Stain the bacteria, ZN Coli granulosa
31
Who has crop milk?
Pigeon, dove
32
Mortality/morbidity in PEMS and PEC?
Up to 100% (turkey)
33
What happens to the yolk sac?(Through what opening is it absorbed?)
Normally absorbed the day before hatching via navel (20-21st day), then it is digested in
the first couple of weeks via ductus vitello intestinalis
34
Clostridium botulinum:
Toxins by ingestion. Botulism proliferates, produces toxins – goes to medulla and cause fatal motor paralysis
35
What does the intestines look like in malabsorption?
Greyish, dilated, undigested food appear, degeneration of villi
36
What type of hepatocytes?
| (duck viral hepatitis, young)
Immature
37
What causes uricosis in day old chicks?
Vit. A deficiency and/or mycotoxins
| – cause degeneration in the kidney during hatching
38
Pathological findings in Derzy's disease?
Hydropericardium, rounded heart
39
What part of skeleton is affected by spondylosistenis (skeletal disease in turkey)?
6th thoracic vertebra. Deformity which causes spinal cord compression and paralysis
40
Thickness of epiphyseal cartilage in some bird spp?
1-3mm
41
What affected organ causes black head disease?
Turkey; liver – black spots (histomonas meleagridis)
42
Osteothesaurisomosis is?
Physiological accumulation of Ca in bone or eggshell
43
Derzy's disease caused by?
Parvovirus
44
Differences btw duck and chicken babybird?
Duck has elongated beak, longer than chicken, duck has swimfeet
45
Cause of «mushy chick disease»?
Noninfections; inadequate nutrition in layer, bad egg handling, problems during
hatching.
Infectious: salmonella, e.coli etc.
46
Pathology of Mushy chick disease?
Decreased BW, inflamed yolk sac, omphalitis
| ( inf.of ductus vitelosus) , open navel
47
Pathogen of embryonic death in the first trimester?
Mycoplasma iowae
48
Clinical signs of Derzy's disease?
Opisthotonus, loss of feathers around eyes, abnormal movement.
49
Where is the primary lesion of Runting stunting syndrome appear?
Intestines
50
Histomonosis appears mostly in which species?
Turkey
51
Where are the necrotic foci found in histomonosis?
Liver
52
Trichomonosis appears in?
young pigeons
53
Which bacteria does not cause gangrene?
P. Multocida
54
Bollinger bodies are seen in what disease?
Avian pox
55
Quail disease?
Ulcerative enteritis
56
What can cause proventriculitis?
All (pox, adeno, corona)
57
Vector of Borrelia?
Avian tick
58
Acute borreliosis in geese causes?
Diarrhea and emaciation
59
Chronic fowl cholera is caused by?
Less virulent strain of P. Multocida
60
Aracuna gives?
Green eggs
61
Campylobacter jejuni main feature?
Septicaemia
62
Ca deposit in long bones?
Osteothesaurisomosis
63
Who has spotted egg?
Turkey
| alternatives were; chicken, duck, goose
64
What keeps the yolk in the centrum of egg?
Chalazae
65
When is fatty infiltration of the liver pathological in young birds?
from 3 weeks (20 days)
66
Causative agent of Arizonosis?
Salmonella
67
What is cellulitis?
Inflam.of subcutaneous CT
68
What does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in the egg?
Mixed content
69
Picture: egg without eggshell/thin shell
decreased mineralization
70
Which strain causes death in ND?
Velogenic
71
Agent of coryza?
Avibacterium avium
72
The different name for hydropericardium ascites?
Increased pulmonary arterial pressure disease
73
Lesions in Derzys?
Serofibrinous fluid in cavities
74
Susceptible age in Derzys?
1-4 weeks
75
Susceptible age for duck for Rimerelliosis?
2-8 weeks
76
Species susceptible for Rimerelliosis?
Goose, duck
77
Species that can get infectious anaemia?
Chicken
78
Hemorrhagic syndrome caused by?
Alternaria toxins (tenuazonic acid)
79
What young birds can be detected by the color of their feet and beak?
Guinea fowl
80
Rupture of follicles (degradation of follicles) leads to?
Serositis
81
Young birds get mycosis by what route?
Inhalation
82
Infectious bronchitis starts where?
In lower third of trachea
83
Osteomyelosclrerosis is?
Another name for osteothesaurisomosis
84
Infectious laryngeal tracheitis causes?
No viraemia
85
Hemorrhagic tracheitis caused by?
ILT
86
Infectious corzya can infect chicken and?
Pheasant, guinea fowl
87
Which pathogen causes sinusitis in turkey?
M.gallisepticum
88
Picking on cloaca can lead to?
Bleeding out
89
Duck plague shed the virus?
Lifelong
90
Ornithobacterium is?
Facultative pathogen
91
Infectious bronchitis first replicate?
Resp.epithelium
92
Infectious bursitis susceptibility?
Up to 4 months of age
93
Lesion caused by very virulent strain in infectious bursitis?
Necrotic-hemorrhagic bursitis
94
What happens in EDS (egg drop syndrome)?
A drop in egg production, soft shelled, caused by Flavivirus
95
Which strain can cause death in ND (Newcastle disease)?
Velogenic
96
What is the causative agent of Coryza?
Avibacterium avium
97
Why does aortic rupture occur?
Genetic factors, females, 2-3 weeks of age
98
What is the causative agent of haemorrhagic tracheitis?
Infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus 1)
99
Which pathogen causes sinusitis in turkeys?
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
100
What is Ornithobacterium?
Facultative pathogen
101
Where does infectious bronchitis first replicate?
Resp.epithelium
102
When are the animals susceptible to infectious bursitis?
Up to 4 months
103
What is the causative agent of Arizonosis?
Salmonella arizonae
104
What is the quail disease?
Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium collinum
105
Which species are affected by Trichomonosis?
pigeons
106
What age are mostly affected by trichomonosis?
Young squabs, adults are just carriers
107
Pathogen of gangrenous dermatitis?
Clostridium septicum, Cl.perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus
108
Causative agent for fowl cholera?
Pasterurella multocida
109
Which virus can cause proventriculus lesions?
Virulent strain of infectious bursitis
110
Which bacteria does not cause gangrene?
Pasteurella multocida
111
What is the main feature of Campylobacter jejuni?
Septicaemia
112
What does acute borreliosis cause in geese?
Diarrhea and emaciation
113
Why does pododermatitis often occur during diarrhea?
Exudation of skin (?), uric acid of feces
114
What is the cause of Rickets?
Vit. D and/or phosphorous and/or calcium deficiency
115
What causes rickets like osteopathies?
Niacin deficiency in geese
116
When does rickets affect chickens?
5-6 weeks (3)
117
What does bacterial spondylitis in birds usually affect?
6th thoracic vertebrae
118
What does influenza virus cause in chicken?
Microencephaly
119
What causes Crazy chicke disease?
Vit.E deficiency
120
When does Crazy chicken disease manifest?
3-6 week old poultry
121
What is inflammation of the white matter of the brain/spinal cord called?
Leukoencephalitis/ myelitis
122
White string on the follicle that breaks when egg is released...
Stigma
123
Bulla ossea syrinx...
Male mallard duck
124
How does the pneumomycosis often develop in birds?
Via aerogenous route
125
Which can cause proventriculitis?
Corona virus
126
Which of the following leads to osteopetrosis in birds?
Retrovirus (leukosis, sarcoma)
127
What is the causative agent of coryza?
Avibacterium paragallinarum
128
What is a lesion of Derzys disease?
Fluid in cavities, serofibrinous
129
What is hemorrhagic syndrome caused by?
Alternaria toxins (tenuazonic acid)
130
Which species can get infectious anemia?
Chicken
131
Acute laryngeotracheitis causes...
acute catarrhal inflammation
132
Cause of turkey rhinitis
mycoplasma gallisepticum
133
What does vitamin E deficiency cause?
Brain lesions
134
Staph.aureus causes?
All of the above (folliculitis / cellulitis / pododermatitis)
135
Mycoplasma synoviae...
cause tenosynovitis and arthritis
136
Rimerelosis...
causes exudative serositis
137
Green muscle/ Oregon disease...
Constitutional lesion
138
What causes Angara disease?
Adenovirus (hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome)
139
Campylobacter affects mainly...
Layer chickens
140
Age group for infectious Coryza?
8-12 weeks
141
What causes caseous colitis?
All (rough feed / salmonella / intestinal spirochaetosis)
142
Cause of hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys?
Adenovirus
143
What causes duck plague?
Alphaherpes virus
144
Where is E.tenella in bird?
Cecum
145
What does mesogenic strain of Newcastle disease cause?
Viraemia and resp.lesions in young chicks, neural signs (and decreased egg production) in adults
146
Laryngotracheitis
Does NOT cause viraemia
147
What does viral enteritides cause?
All (mal- secretion, -digestion, -absorption)
148
What age does necrotic enteritis in chicken?
2-5 weeks
149
Pox virus causes?
Bollinger bodies
150
TRT and E.coli causes?
Swollen head
151
When does necrobiotic fatty infiltration of the liver affect turkey ?
12-14 weeks
152
Peracute duck viral hepatitis causes?
Necrotic hemorrhagic liver dystrophy
153
What causes «epidemic tremor»?
Virus
154
What does gizzerosine cause?
Ulceration of gizzard
155
Acute fowl typhoid causes?
Acute septic hyperaemic splenitis
156
Angara disease is caused by?
Adenovirus
157
Sudden death often occurs in...
Meat type birds
158
Which of the following could cause this lesion (picture of joint)
All (orthoreovirus / staph.aureus / M.synoviae)
159
Pneymomycosis can metastatise...
Eye / Brain
160
Lack of vitamin B1 causes
Degeneration of the myelin sheaths and Schwann cells
161
Hen paralysis...
Marek's disease
162
Dermatitis caused by
Staphylococcus aureus
163
Cellulitis caused by
| Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue
E. coli bacteria
164
staphylococcosis
```
– folliculitis (inflammation of the feather follicules)
– epidermitis
– dermatitis
– pododermatitis
sometimes. cellulitis also occurs
```
165
Gangrenous dermatitis
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium perfringens type A
Clostridium septicum
166
wing gangrena disease
bluewingdisease – BWD
• wingrotdisease – WRD
hemorrhages on the wing Immunosuppression needed!
167
Virus induced dermatitis
Avian pox
168
Avian pox Pathogenesis:
The infective virus is localized in the dead, desquamated epithelial cells
– Infection: aerogen, per conjunctiva or per os • With the dust in the stable
169
Avian pox • Pathogenesis:
– The virus replicates in the epithelial cells of the epithelial layer at the place of entrance
• reticular and ballooning degeneration
– viraemia follows
• primary viraemia
– Proliferation in the parenchymal organs
– ..... next viraemia
• secondary viraemia
– the virus gets to the skin, respiratory tract, GI
tract
– new replication phase starts....... (it is fatal)
170
Types of avian pox
Skinform
• Mucous membrane form
– mucous membrane of the GI and respiratory tract – conjunctiva
• Mixedform
171
Mushy chicken syndrome can cause
* embryonic and fetal death
* suffocation during hatching
* low vitality chicken
172
Weak, low vitality chicken
```
– Yolk sac remains outside of body
– Unhealed, open navel
– Yolk sac contains not
enough nutrient
– Subcutaneous fat depots
are missing
– Bodyweight is small, smaller than expected
```
173
Mushy chicken syndrome
| • Consequences and complications:
```
• Omphalitis
– inflammation of the navel and yolk sac
– Sero-fibrinous peritonitis
– Bacterial septicaemia
• E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp.
```
174
Candidiasis Pathogens:
– Candida albicans (most often seen)
– C. krusei, C. lambica
– Saccharomyces cerevisiae
– pseudohyphae formation by the yeasts
175
Candidiasis background
Regular members of
• the birds’ environment
• the gastrointestinal tract
– oropharyngeal cavity, oesophagus, crop, glandular and muscular stomach, intestines
```
Facultative pathogens
• immunosuppression
• longlasting antibiotic treatment
• diseases leading to anorexia
– enteritis
• periodic or constant overeating
– broiler industry, forced feeding of goose and duck
```
176
Candidiasis causes
In the oropharyngeal cavity (OPC):
– circumscribed or diffuse appearance
– easily removable greyish-white layer, superficial necrotic inflammation
OR
– deep necrotic inflammation, later erosions and ulcers, even rupture of the oesophagus
– The mucous membrane of the OPC • thickened, uneven, firm and dull (matt)
– metastasis to the brain, eye (rare)
177
Vitamin A deficiency
```
hyperkeratosis
conjunctiva and cornea dries out = xerophthalmia
kidney failure
– azotaemia, uraemia
degeneration of the neurons
Long bones decreased ossification
compression of the brain and spinal cord
Ovary
• degeneration and necrosis in the follicles
Testicles
• decreased spermyocytogenesis
```
178
Trichomonosis pathogen
Trichomonas gallinae
Flagellated protozoa
Older pigeons carry the pathogen
– The young pigeons show symptoms
179
Types of proventriculitises:
bacterial
viral
fungi
180
Viral proventriculitis
```
– Adenovirus infection
– Infectious bronchitis virus
– Mucous membrane form of avian pox
• See previous lecture
– Transmissible viral proventriculitis
• Similar disease, but unknown causative agent
```
```
Viral diseases accompanied with proventriculitis:
• Avian influenza
• Newcastle disease
• Avian pox
• Infectious bursitis
```
181
Infectious bronchitis of chicken
| • Pathogen:
Coronavirus
182
Infectious bronchitis of chicken
| Several different forms of the disease
– Respiratory form
– Urinary form (kidney lesions)
– Gastrointestinal form
• proventriculitis Result: maldigestion
183
Ulceration of the gizzard
```
in broilers and layers
• Cause:
stress-- histamine
– Copper overdose (Cu sulfate)
– Zn (zinc) overdose
– gizzerosine
```
184
Effect of gizzerosine
• increased gastric juice production
• hyperactive gastric juice, H2-receptors!
– Malfunction of the glands
– Thinner and less resistant koilin membrane is produced
– Peptic ulcer develops
• Due to hyperactive gastric juice
185
Virus induced gizzarditis
pox and adenovirus
186
What does erysipelas cause?
Enlarged spleen
187
The chronic respiratory disease complex (CRD) of poultry may be caused by?
All of the above
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma meleagridis
Turkey rhinotracheitis virus (TRT)
188
Which organs are affected in the late state of malleus?
Mucous membranes of nasal cavity, skin
189
The malleotic nodule is?
Pyogranuloma with narrow demarcation zone
190
Why is it called “swollen head” disease?
Because of the pathogen
191
What lesions are typically seen in case of viraemia in birds?
Airsacculitis
192
In Newcastle disease the pathological lesion(s) is/are?
Pneumonia and enteritis
193
Which of the following is the most common cause of pneumomycosis in birds?
Aspergillus sp.
194
How does the pneumomycosis most often develop in birds?
aerogenous route
195
Which of the following diseases causes granuomatous pneumonia in birds?
Mycoplasmosis
196
What is an often observed complication in birds in case of pneumomycosis?
All of the above
Airsac mycosis
Metastasis to the brain
Metastasis to the eyeball
197
What is the typical age group in birds for pneumomycosis?
Up to a few weeks after hatching
198
Who has a spotted egg?
Turkey
199
Besides the muscular pathology, what other changes can be seen in birds with vitamin E and Se deficiency?
Exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia
200
Which of the following changes are characteristic for rickets?
Uncalcified cartilage and osteoid tissue in the growing zone
201
In which case is there a decreased osteoid formation in the traberculae of the bones?
Ca deficiency
202
What is one inner criteria leading to the development of constitutional myopathy?
Fatty degeneration of myocytes
203
What are the properties of the of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasterurella multocida?
Facultative pathogen
204
Which is the main form of pneumonias?
croupous
205
Which bacteria can cause proventriculitis?
All of the above
Pox virus
Adeno virus
Corona virus
206
Oregon disease
Necrosis of the deep pectoral muscle in broiler chicken
207
What happens in EDS (Egg drop syndrome)?
A drop in egg production, perhaps soft shelled, caused by flavivirus
208
Which strain can cause death in ND (Newcastle Disease)?
Velogenic
209
What is the causative agent of Coryza?
Avibacterium avium
210
What is the different name for hydropericardium?
Increased pulmonary arterial pressure disease
211
What is the susceptible age for Derzys disease?
1-4 weeks
212
What is the susceptible age for Rimerelliosis?
2-8 weeks
213
Which species are susceptible to Rimerelliosis?
Goose and duck
214
What does rupture/degradation of follicles lead to?
Serositis
215
What is the route of mycosis infection in young birds?
Inhalation
216
What is the causative agent of haemorrhagic tracheitis?
Infectious laryngeotracheitis virus (Gallid herpesvirus I)
217
Infectious coryza can infect chickens and?
Pheasant, guinea fowl
218
Which pathogen causes sinusitis in turkeys?
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
219
What is Ornithobacterium?
Facultative pathogen
220
Where does infectious bronchitis first replicate?
Respiratory epithelium
221
What lesions are caused by very virulent strains in infectious bursitis?
Necrotic-haemorrhagic bursitis
222
What is the quail disease?
Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium colinum
223
What organ is affected in “black head disease”?
Liver, caecum
224
What is the causative agent of Derzy’s disease?
parvovirus
225
What is the main feature of Campylobacter jejuni?
Septicaemia
226
In which disease can we see Bollinger bodies?
Avian pox virus
227
What is the vector of Borrelia?
avian tick
228
What does acute borreliosis cause in geese?
Diarrhoea and emaciation
229
What is Ca deposits in long bones called?
Osteothesaurisomosis
230
What is the cause of rickets?
Vitamin D and/or phosphorous and/or calcium deficiency
231
What causes causes rickets like osteopathies?
Niacin deficiency in geese
232
What is characteristic of osteoporosis?
Decomposition of bone trabercule is normal, but osteogenesis is slow
233
When does rickets affect chickens?
5-6 weeks (3)
234
What does mycotic spondylitis in birds usually affect?
Last cervical and first thoracic vertebrae
235
What does bacterial spondylitis in birds usually affect?
Also 6th thoracic vertebrae
236
What does influenza virus cause in chickens?
Microencephaly
237
What causes “crazy chicken disease”?
Vitamin E deficiency
238
When does “crazy chicken disease” manifest?
3-6 week old poultry
239
What is inflammation of the white matter of the brain/spinal cord called?
Leukoencephalitis/Myelitis
240
Cause of turkey rhinitis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
241
Mycoplasma synoviae causes
tenosynovitis and arthritis
242
Rimerelosis
| Causes
Exudative serositis
243
Green muscle/Oregon disease
Constitutional lesion
244
Campylobacter affects mainly
Layer chickens
245
Cause of haemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys
adenovirus
246
What causes duck plague
herpes virus
247
Where is E. Tenella in bird
cecum
248
What does mesogenic strain of new castle disease cause
Viremia in young chicks
249
What age does necrotic enteritis in chicken?
2-5 weeks
250
Infectious bursitis can affect which age group?
Until 4 months of age
