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Exotics > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the etiology of Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum?

A

Salmonella eneterica subsp enterica pullorum-gallinarum

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2
Q

Is S gallinarum motile or non motile?

A

non motile

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3
Q

How is S gallinarum transmitted?

A

Laying of infected eggs that will infect healthy chicks

Intermittent shedding in feces

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4
Q

A chick comes to you with a pasting butt with chalky brown excreta, what is on your Ddx?

A

S. gallinarum

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5
Q

If you do a necropsy of a chick and find an enlarged liver/spleen with necrotic foci with swelling of hock joints, what are you thinking?

A

S gallinarum

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6
Q

If you have an adult chicken come in with anemia, diarrhea, that have lesions on the ovary that is mis-shapen pedunculated, what are you thinking?

A

S gallinarum

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7
Q

How do you prevent S gallinarum

A

Good management
Hygiene
Eliminate carriers*

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8
Q

How can you diagnose salmonella?

A

agglutination

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Paratyphoid infections?

A

S. enterica

2500 serotypes

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10
Q

Is Paratyphoid motile or non motile? What else do you need to be worried about with this dz?

A

motile

ZOONOTIC

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11
Q

How is Paratyphoid transmitted?

A

Direct ovarian (via egg)

Horizontal

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12
Q

How do chicks with Paratyphoid look

A

they stand with eyes closed, head down low with ruffled feathers

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13
Q

How can you prevent Paratyphoid

A

Egg sanitation/fumigatio

Hygiene

Euth

Vacc

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14
Q

Which salmonella is seen in Turkeys?

A

arizonae

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15
Q

Who are the resevoir hosts for arizonae

A

Wild birds
Rats
Mice
Reptiles

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16
Q

What are the C/S for arizonae

A

poults: past butt, leg weakness/twisting, blindness, nervous signs
Adults: asymptomatic

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17
Q

What is the main agent for air saculitis?

A

Avian Mycoplasmosis

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18
Q

When you prevent______ it reduces E. coli septicemia respiratory origin

A

Mycoplasma

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19
Q

At what age do broilers get M gallisepticum

A

4-8 wks

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20
Q

How is M gallisepticum transmitted?

A

Direct contact

Through egg via oviduct

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21
Q

What causes chronic respiratory dz in chickens?

A

M gallisepticum

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22
Q

What causes infectious sinusitis in turkeys?

A

M gallisepticum

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23
Q

How do you tx M gallisepticum?

A

bacteria free flocks

vacc

EGG DIPPING

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24
Q

Which Mycoplasma ONLY infects turkeys?

A

melegridis

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25
Q

Which dz causes air sacculitis at 1 day old?

A

M melgridis

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26
Q

Which dz causes skeletal lesions at 1-6 wks old causing twisting, shortening of tarsometatrsal bones

A

M melegridis

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27
Q

How do you tx M melegridis

A

EGG DIPPING

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28
Q

How is M melegridis transmitted?

A

eggs

horizontal

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29
Q

how do you prevent M melegridis?

A

avoid infected semen

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30
Q

How is M synoviae transmitted?

A

direct

direct ovarian via egg

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31
Q

Who does M synoviae effect?

A

Turkey, chickens, guinea fowl

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32
Q

What are the two types of c/s you can get from M synoviae?

A

Joints: exudative synovitis, tendosynovitis, bursitis–creamy exudate spreads through body to caseous in joints and tendon sheaths. Hock joints and/or footpads are swollen but birds are active

Respiratory: Subclinical upper respiratory infection, when complicated w/other agents = air sac

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33
Q

How can you tx M synoviae?

A

EGG DIPPING

inactivated oil emulsion bacterin–variable results

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34
Q

Who does E coli effect

A

Chicken, turkeys ducks

but infects all spp of birds

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35
Q

How is E coli spread?

A

Vertical

Horizontal

Feces–contaminates egg shell and penetrates

**Who else spreads like this?

motile Salmonella

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36
Q

Where/when will you see E coli infections?

what is this similar to?

A

Embryo death in LATE incubation

lesions in the embryo and chicks
similar to paratyphoid

peritonitis 1-3 wks, retained yolk, reduced weight after 3 weeks

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37
Q

What are the two types of coli septicemia?

A

Enteric (acute): mostly in Turkeys in bloodstream–moderate mortality. swollen liver with necrotic foci, heart with fibrinous pericarditis, congested muscles

Respiratory: bloodstream, low mortality. air sacculitis, dark swollen liver, with perihepatitis, chronic pericarditis

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38
Q

What are your ddx for E coli?

A

Omphalitis caused by other agents

Acute septicemia could be caused by salmonella-fowl cholera

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39
Q

Why do you need to be careful with the tx of e coli?

A

frequent drug resistance

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40
Q

What does P. multocida cause?

A

Fowl Cholera

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41
Q

P multocida isolates from (this spp) are pathogenic to poultry

A

Pigs

42
Q

How is fowl cholera spread?

A

Direct

The survivors are carriers

43
Q

Who is more susceptible to Fowl Cholera?

A

Turkey more than chickens–but most spp of birds can get it.

Mature chickens are more susc than young

44
Q

how long does it take for birds to die in the acute form of FC?

A

2 days w/o c/s

45
Q

If a bird presents subacutely with hemorrhages on subepicardium, intestine, fat and serosa, enlarged and necrotic liver. the turkey will have hepatitis and pericarditis?

A

Fowl Cholera

46
Q

What does fowl cholera cause in turkeys?

A

unilateral pneumonia and pleuritis

47
Q

chronic forms of fowl cholera causes?

A

caseous exudate in localized tissue

ex: it is in the ear–otitis causes torticollis. swelling of wattles

48
Q

How do you diagnose fowl cholera?

A

smears stained with giemsa/culture

49
Q

Do you tx fowl cholera, and if so what?

A

Ab chemotherapy-ab and sulfa

50
Q

How can you prevent/control fowl cholera?

A

Vacc 6-8 wks, repeat after 8wks. will last 6-8 months. but only in endemic areas

Px by good management

51
Q

In broilers, what is a serious emerging zoonosis? How do humans get this?

A

Campy

improper handling and consumption of contaminated poultry or poultry products.

52
Q

Transmission of Campy

A

Feces.

53
Q

c/s and Lesions of campy

A

no c/s

lesions: distention of intestine w/mucus and watery content. Toxic strains cause hemorrhages in the intestine and liver

54
Q

Dx campy?

A

Isolation of bacteria on artificial media and in embryos

55
Q

What are the AI conditions that Campy can cause in humans

A

Guillain barre syndrome-neuro-muscular paralysis associated with inflammatory polyneuropathy

Fishers Syndrome

Reither’s Syndrom-non purulent reactive arthritis

56
Q

How can you control campy?

A

No vacc so you need to have good management procedures.

preharvest control: biosecurity, frequent collection and cleaning of eggs, clean water and food

post harvest control: reduce microbial contamination during processing, spray washers w/chlorine, scalding immersions, Antimicrobial additions in water, gamma irradiation, freezing

57
Q

What is the etiology of spirochetosis?

A

Borrelia anserina and burgdorferi

58
Q

Who are the hosts for Spirochetosis

A

Geese, turkey, chicken, duck, canaries, and pheasants

59
Q

How do spirchetes spread?

A

Biological: Soft tick

Mechanical: Infected needles, contaminated fee, blood, water and feces

60
Q

C/S spirochetes

A

fever, anemia, diarrhea, paralysis, arthritis

61
Q

What lesions do spirochetes cause

A

enlargement and necrosis of liver and spleen

62
Q

How can you dx spirochetes?

A

examination of blood smear

isolation of bacteria in embryos

serology

63
Q

Can you tx, and with what, and how do you control spirochetes?

A

Ab

Immunization w/bacterin—but not available in US****

tick control

64
Q

What causes severe dz in rheas? how is it spread?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

fecal oral

65
Q

B hyodysenteriae, c/s, lesions, who is it more common in

A

Watery diarrhea, and die suddenly w/o c/s.

More common in young adults more than 6 mo old.

Lesions: necrotic typhilitis

66
Q

What are the Ddx for B hyodysenteriae

A

Salmonella, clostridia, histomoniasis, and EEEV

67
Q

What is the tx for B hyo and control?

A

Dimetridozole, lincomycin, erythromycin

control: No Vacc, only biosecurity

68
Q

What are all the dz that clostridium causes?

A

Ulcerative enteritis

necrotitic enteritis

gangrenous dermatitis

botulism

yolk sac infections

69
Q

What are the other names for botulism?

A

Limber neck

western duck sickness

70
Q

What causes serious outbreaks in waterfowls?

A

C. Botulinum type C

71
Q

What are the signs and lesions for C botulinum

A

weakness
incoordination of wing/neck due to paralysis of m

death in coma from resp failure

no lesions****

72
Q

How do you dx botulism?

A

you grab some intestinal contents form the bird, and inject it into mice to see if the mice becomes paralyzed.

this demonstrates toxin

73
Q

How do you tx botulism?

A

antitoxin

74
Q

What is the etiology of infectious coryza?

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum serotype A,B,C

75
Q

Who is the natural host for coryza?

transmission?

A

chicken

direct from infected and carrier birds

76
Q

Who are least susceptible to coryza?

A

birds up to 10 wks

77
Q

Is coryza important in the US?

A

yes!

78
Q

If a chicken comes in with swelling of infraorbital sinuses, edema of face and closing of the eye?

A

Coryza

79
Q

More chronic cases of coryza cause?

A

caseous pus in swollen wattles, open mouth breathing

80
Q

How do you isolate coryza?

A

Sterilize the area beneath the eye and the corner of the break with a hot spatula, then a cut into the infra-orbital sinus, insert a bacteriological loop

81
Q

How do you control coryza?

A

Depopulate in case of an outbreak

Vacc-formalin killed oil adjuvant vacc at 10-12 wks, then repeat after 4 wks, immunity only lasts 7-8 months

82
Q

How is Mycobacterium Avium transmitted?

A

Feces

Oral

83
Q

Which mycobacterium is a serious problem in zoos?

A

m tuberculosis

84
Q

Progressive weight loss, atrophy of muscles, knife edge appearance of breast bone. Paralysis w/bone lesions, chronic diarrhea, anemia

A

Mycobacteriosis

85
Q

Where are your lesions common in mycobact.

A

liver, spleen, intestines and bone marrow

86
Q

what do the lesions look like in mycobact.

A

varying in size, irregular grayish yellow nodules w/caseous foci

87
Q

What pathogen do you diagnose with an acid-fast stain. you should see bacilli in smears and sections

A

Mycobacteriosis

88
Q

What kind of serology can you do with mycobacteriosis

A

Tuberculin test—inj in wattles

Whole blood agglutination test

89
Q

How do you control mycobacteriosis?

A

Depopulate (+) flocks

never keep swine and chickens together

90
Q

What are the chlamydiosis that cause dz in birds

A

Psittaci

Pneumonia

Felis

Caviae

Abortus

91
Q

What are the virulence of chlamydiosis

A

Psittaci

Virulent strain: mostly from turkeys cause dz in man

Low virulence: from pigeons and ducks and other avian spp, slowly progressing epidemics

92
Q

How is chlamydiosis spread?

A

Feces

nasal discharge

infection is through inhalation or ingestion of infected dust/excreta

In pigeons: parent to nestling feeding

93
Q

Where are your lesions found in chlamydiosis

A

Lung, liver spleen and serous membranes

94
Q

What are the c/s for chlaymdiosis

A

they vary w/age and host and pathogenicity of the strain

95
Q

What are the c/s and lesions of chlamydiosis in turkeys?

A

If virulent: fever, gelatinous yellow green droppings. Liver and spleen enlarged, necrotic and fibrin coated. Fibrinous exudate on serous membranes. Pleural cavity contains fibrinous exudate. Swelling of head is nasal glands involved

96
Q

What does chlamydiosis look like in ducks and geese

A

anorexic, unbalanced gait, green water feces. Serous or purulent discharge from eyes and nostrils. Lesions are similar to turkeys

97
Q

Chlamydiosis in pigeons

A

also called parrot fever

conjunctivitis, swollen eyes and rhinitis. chronically affected pigeons show weakness. rattling sound.

98
Q

Chlamydiosis in psittacines

A

Conjunctivitis, rhinits, diarrhea, polyuria, dyspneic, icterus. Less freq: leg weakness, parallysis and torticollis.
C/S wax and wane

99
Q

How can you diagnose chlamydiosis

A

Isolation and ID of the organism and demonstrate rising Ab titers.

100
Q

Tx and prevention/control of chlamydiosis

A

Tetracyclines in feed or water for 2 wks controls it. Pigeons require repetition of tx.

Withdraw tx 2 days prior to slaughter

BIOSECURITY: reportable. Quarantine is 45 days with tx

Exotics (4 decks)

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