Poultry Flashcards
Phase feeding in poultry nutrition is used because:
A) Nutrient requirements do not change over time
B) It simplifies feed formulation
C) Nutrient requirements change within a bird’s lifetime
D) Birds require the same diet throughout their life
c
What is the main reason for feed restriction in broiler breeders?
A) To reduce feed costs
B) To increase egg size
C) To prevent obesity and associated reproductive problems
D) To enhance feather growth
c
During what age range is a “Starter” diet typically given to broilers?
A) 0-10 days
B) 11-24 days
C) 25-39 days
D) 40-51 days
a
What is a primary consideration when formulating diets for turkeys compared to chickens?
A) Lower protein levels
B) Higher energy content
C) Different growth curves and carcass composition
D) Less phase feeding
C
Which amino acid’s digestible content decreases from the Starter to the Withdrawal phase in a typical broiler feeding program?
A) Lysine
B) Methionine
C) Met + Cys
D) All of the above
D
Which condition can result from a deficiency of Vitamin E in poultry?
A) Encephalomalacia
B) Polyneuritis
C) “Curled-toe” paralysis
D) Anemia
A
What is the main source of energy in poultry diets in Western Canada?
A) Corn
B) Wheat
C) Soybean meal
D) Canola meal
b
The inclusion of enzymes in poultry diets is primarily for:
A) Enhancing flavor
B) Increasing nutrient digestibility
C) Acting as a pellet binder
D) Serving as a pigment
b
Which is a significant dietary component for the Starter phase in broiler nutrition?
A) Metabolizable Energy
B) Crude Protein
C) Digestible Lysine
D) All of the above
D
During which phase does a broiler’s diet have the highest Metabolizable Energy content?
A) Starter
B) Grower
C) Finisher I
D) Finisher II
D
For laying hens, the transition from “Grower” to “Pre-lay” diet typically occurs at:
A) 10 weeks
B) 18 weeks
C) 24 weeks
D) 30 weeks
B
Synthetic amino acids added to poultry diets include all except:
A) D,L-Methionine
B) L-Lysine HCl
C) L-Threonine
D) L-Glutamine
D
A common sign of vitamin A deficiency in poultry is:
A) Keratinized mucus glands
B) Polyneuritis
C) “Curled-toe” paralysis
D) Dermatitis
A
A critical phase in laying hen nutrition for preparing birds for egg production is:
A) Starter
B) Grower
C) Developer
D) Pre-lay
D
For laying hens, the “Phase 1” diet supports production during:
A) Initial lay period
B) Peak production
C) Late lay period
D) Molting period
B
What are the signs of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) deficiencies in poultry?
Signs include bone abnormalities, weak skeletal structure, and potential for rickets in young birds and osteoporosis in laying hens.
What is a common sign of Vitamin A deficiency in poultry?
Keratinized mucus glands and xerophthalmia (dry eye).
What deficiency causes symptoms similar to calcium/phosphorus deficiencies in poultry?
Vitamin D3 deficiency; it leads to poor calcium and phosphorus metabolism, resulting in similar bone abnormalities.
What are the signs of Vitamin E deficiency in poultry?
Encephalomalacia (crazy chick disease), exudative diathesis (edema), and muscular dystrophy.
What does a Vitamin K deficiency lead to in poultry?
Impaired blood clotting and increased bleeding tendencies.
Which vitamin deficiency causes “curled-toe” paralysis in growing chickens?
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) deficiency.
What are the signs of a Niacin deficiency in poultry?
Severe disorders in the skin and digestive organs, and bowed legs.
What are the general signs of protein and essential amino acid deficiencies in poultry?
Reduced growth, poor feathering, decreased egg production, and increased susceptibility to diseases.
What happens when poultry diets are deficient in energy?
Birds will adjust their feed intake to meet energy requirements; however, severe energy deficiency can lead to reduced growth and productivity due to physical limitations on feed intake.
Which mineral deficiency is specifically associated with perosis (slipped tendon) in poultry?
Manganese (Mn) deficiency.
What neurological problems are caused by Thiamine deficiency in poultry?
Polyneuritis and neuromuscular disorders including incoordination and paralysis.
What are the effects of a Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency in poultry?
Dermatitis, convulsions, and anemia.
What are the signs of a Pantothenic Acid deficiency in poultry?
Lesions of the nervous system, dermatitis, and poor feather growth.
What condition does Folic Acid deficiency cause in poultry?
Macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia and leukopenia.
What are the symptoms of Biotin deficiency in poultry?
Dermatitis around the eyes and beak, and perosis (slipped tendon).
What does Vitamin B12 deficiency lead to in poultry?
Anemia and poor growth.
What condition is associated with Choline deficiency in poultry?
Perosis (twisted leg at the hock joint) and fatty liver syndrome.
What is a nutrient in the context of poultry diets?
A nutrient is any chemical, element, or compound in the diet that supports normal maintenance of life processes, growth, reproduction, or the production of products or work.
How is energy usually expressed in poultry diets, and why is it important?
Energy is usually expressed as metabolizable energy (ME). It’s crucial for sustaining basic life processes, growth, and production in poultry.
What is the significance of crude protein in poultry nutrition?
Crude protein is a measure of the total protein content of the feed. While poultry has no specific requirement for crude protein per se, the feed’s crude protein level often indicates sufficient amino acids for growth and production.
Why are essential amino acids important in poultry diets?
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the bird in quantities sufficient to meet physiological needs and must be provided in the diet to support optimal growth, reproduction, and overall health.
What role do macrominerals play in poultry diets?
Macrominerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium are vital for bone development, energy metabolism, and maintaining fluid balance, among other physiological functions.
What is the purpose of adding enzymes to poultry diets?
Enzymes such as phytase and non-starch polysaccharidases are added to increase the digestibility and availability of nutrients, particularly from plant-based ingredients, improving feed efficiency and reducing nutrient excretion.
What are macromineral supplements, and why are they important in poultry diets?
Macromineral supplements include calcium, phosphorus, and sodium, which are essential for bone health, metabolic processes, and maintaining fluid balance. These minerals are added to poultry diets to ensure optimal growth, egg production, and overall health, as they play critical roles in skeletal integrity, energy metabolism, and nervous system function. Supplements help meet the precise nutritional needs of poultry, especially when dietary sources may not provide adequate amounts.
How should broiler breeder hens be fed?
some food restriction will normalize follicle numbers to increase egg production. When fed ad libitum they have abnormally high numbers of large follicles
difference between turkeys and other poultry
leaner, higher carcass protein and water
what age are chickens and turkeys grown until
sexual maturity (females marketed earlier because start to deposit excess fat early) ~17- 20 weeks
laying Hens: what are pullets vs hens
pullets are sexually immature and hens are sexually mature
Difference in feeding layers vs broilers
More concerned about getting enough feed intake for starter layers.
Whats wrong with pre lay diets
Logistics might be too short time (<2 weeks) and there’s too little calcium to support egg production
between peak egg mass to the end of production what are your goals
maintain high number of eggs, prevent eggs from becoming too large (larger eggs require greater nutrients per egg)
what do you do after peak egg mass is reached?
reduce the content % of diet of most nutrients
how does broiler nutrition change with bird age
lower amino acid requirements, increased feed intake, increase in energy requirements = balance shifts towards fat deposition (Na, K, Cl consistent)
