Poultry Flashcards
Number 1
Proventriculus
Number 6
Cloaca
Number 2
Large Intestine
Number 3
Crop
Number 4
Gizzard
Number 5
Small Intestine
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What does nutrient density mean in terms of poultry feed?
The amount of proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins in the diet
The concentration of nutrients located within a feed sample
What type of nutrient density would you need for meat production birds?
High protein and energy
Turkeys have higher protein and energy requirements than broilers.
What type of nutrient density would you need for egg production birds?
lower protein and energy, higher calcium
low calcium feeds would lead to osteoporosis since the hens would take bone calcium to make eggshells.
What are the 3 feed forms for poultry?
Mash - fine particle size, finely ground up
Crumble - ground up pellets
Pellets - mash is pelleted into a larger form.
Why would you feed pelleted/crumble form?
- Increase body weight gain
- Less waste
- Less subject to moulds/insect infestation
- Pelleting can kill some bacteria
- Increases palatability and digestibility
- No picking out certain dietary components like fat-soluble vitamins
- The addition of fat increases palatability and decreases dust
Why would you use mash feeds?
- Keep body weight gain lower
- Reduced processing cost
- Can be done on-farm with proper equipment, you don’t want reproductive birds to become overweight
- good for layers
A closer look at the Energy Component of poultry feed.
Cereal grains (Wheat, Corn, Sometimes Barley)
Fat
Protein Concentrates
A closer look at the Protein Component of poultry feed.
Protein concentrates (Bone meal, Fich Meal, etc)
Cereal Grains
Purified Amino Acids
Meat Meal is NOT used due to marketing and consumer preference
A closer look at the Vitamin & Mineral Component of poultry feed.
Vitamin Supplements
Mineral Supplements
Specific Feed Ingredients like calcium and phosphorus
Advantages of Complete Feeds and Made on Farm Feeds.
Complete - Balanced properly
less work and effort
Made on Farm - cost-effective
use homegrown crops.
Automated feed delivery system
Uses augers & bins
Feedlines with feeders - monitors at the base of the feedline send alerts when the line is empty
scales determine how much an animal is eating - can determine the presence of disease before physical indicators
Automated water delivery system
Much cleaner and more efficient
nipple drinkers mimic the natural way birds eat in nature
water intake decreases before feed intake when disease is present.
Poultry housing in Canada
Most all are totally controlled for environment
❑ Temperature
❑ Humidity
❑ Ventilation - Solid Sides*
❑ Light – daylength and intensity
- In Florida, some have wire sides - Allows for easier cooling but they are less biosecure
Barn Design
Long narrow barns are most important for proper ventilation.
Air travels perpendicular across the barn
Automated food delivery
Automated water delivery
Automated manure removal
Automated egg collection
** In Canada, the barn is cleaned after every flock and then left to sit for 3 weeks
In the US they clean the barn after every 3-4 flocks.
Table Egg Production Hens
Molting - Birds stop laying eggs, lose their feathers and then grow new ones and start laying again
In Canada, Birds are euthanized before molting
In USA, birds are forced to molt faster by feeding different components to restart laying faster - High mortality rate.
Euthanized Birds in Canada
East Coast - they go to slaughter facilities
West Coast - They go to compost
Laying hen barns
Since 1930s
Conventional cages
- prevents natural behaviours
- causes weaker bones, less exercise
Canadian Codes of Practices
Minimal requirements set for all livestock species
Requirements must be met by both commercial and backyard animal producers.
**Does not set limits on the size of the herd/flock
Not a legal document, but does set minimum requirements if someone gets charged in court.
