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Botanical Medicine > Potentially Toxic and/or Caution Herbs > Flashcards

Potentially Toxic and/or Caution Herbs Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the indications of Aconitum napellus?

A

“Monkshood”
Actions: anodyne, anti-neuralgic
Neuralgic pain: trigeminal neuralgia
Sciatic pain
Ovarian cysts ( In Turska’s formula)

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2
Q

What are the systems affected by toxic doses of Aconitum napellus?

A

“Monkshood”
CNS and cardiovascular systems

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3
Q

What is considered a fatal dose of Aconitum napellus?

A

“Monkshood”
1 tsp to 5 mL

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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Aconitum napellus poisoning?

A

“Monkshood”
Paresthesias
Nausea/Vomiting
Dyspnea
Chills
Hypotension, ventricular fibrillation

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5
Q

What is considered a safe dose of Aconitum napellus?

A

“Monkshood”
1-10 drops of tincture 4 oz water

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6
Q

What are the indications for Arnica montana?

A

Actions: topical vulnerary, anodyne
Bruises
Small Wounds
Sprains/ strains
Myalgia and joint inflammation

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7
Q

By what route of administration is Arnica montana given?

A

Topical

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8
Q

What are the contraindications for Arnica montana?

A

Internal Use
Over large areas of broken skin

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9
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Arnica montana?

A

Tachy or bradycardia
Hypertension
Symptoms of muscular weakness, gastroenteritis, dyspnea, arrhythmia, and death

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10
Q

What are the indications for Atropa Belladonna?

A

“Belladona, Devils Cherries”
Actions: anti-spasmotic, anti-cholinergic, anodyne especially for GI tract
GI: Colitis, cholecystitis, GERD, gastritis, PUD

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atropa Belladonna?

A

“Belladonna; Devils Cherries”

Blocks muscarine acetylcholine receptors resulting in smooth muscle relaxation

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12
Q

What are the contraindication for Atropa Belladonna?

A

“Belladonna, Devils Cherries”
Lactation and pregnancy
BPH, urinary retention
Cardia, tachycardia, arrhythmias
Closed angle glaucoma
Pulmonary edema
GI stenosis, megacolon, intestinal obstruction
Use in children

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13
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Atropa Belladonna?

A

“Belladonna, Devils Cherries”

Dilate pupils
Dry mouth, eyes and bronchi
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Hot, dry flushed skin
Respiratory depression and coma may develop

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14
Q

What is the usual dose of Atropa Belladonna?

A

1-15 drops of 1:10 tincture in 4 oz of water. 1 teaspoon of mixture is taken as dose

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15
Q

What alkaloid is most associated with Belladonna’s actions and toxicity?

A

Belladonna; Devil’s cherries
Atropine

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16
Q

What are the indications for Baptisia tinctoria?

A

“Wild Indigo”
Actions: alternativem anti-microbial, lymphagogue

Generally used for infection: sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsilitis

Mastitis, vaginitis

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17
Q

What are the contraindications for Baptisia tinctoria?

A

“Wild Indigo”
Pregnancy or high dose chronic use

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18
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Baptisia tinctoria?

A

“Wild Indigo”

Anorexia
N/V/D/GI spasms
Hypersalivation
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Respiratory paralysis

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19
Q

What effect does Baptisia tinctoria have in large doses?

A

“Wild Indigo”
Emetic

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20
Q

What are the indications Bryonia Alba?

A

“White Bryony”

Actions: Anodyne, sedative, immunomodulating especially for serous membranes

Lungs: Pleuritis, pneumonia and sharp, painful coughs

Orchitis, ovarian cysts (Turska’s formula)
Pericarditis

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21
Q

What are the contraindications of Bryonia Alba?

A

“White Bryony”
Pregnancy and lactation

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22
Q

What are the signs of toxicity of Bryonia Alba?

A

GI: Colic, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroenteritis
Bradycardia
Hypothermia
Headache
Delirium
Weakness and collapse

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23
Q

What is an indicated dose for Bryonia Alba?

A

5-20 drops tincture added to 4 oz water then 1 tsp of mixture is taken as dose

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24
Q

What are the contraindications for Bryonia cretica diocia?

A

“Red Bryony”
Internal use: Gi inflammation, diarrhea and vomiting

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25
Q

What are the indications for Capsicum frutescens?

A

“Cayenne”

Actions: Circulatory stimulant, anti-platelet aggregate, diaphoretic, rubefacient, digestive stimulant, anodyne

Cardiovascular: atherosclerosis, hypercoagulation, Raynaud’s phenomenon

Respiratory: Asthma

GI: Hypochlorhydria, maldigestion, gas, biliary insufficiency

External: RA, OA, Diabetic neuropathy

Small amount added to formula as synergizer

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26
Q

What are some of the toxicities of Capsiucm frutescens?

A

“Cayenne”
GI irritation: N/V
Topical irritation

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27
Q

What are the contraindications for Capsicum frustescens?

A

“Cayenne”
Acute PUD, biliary obstruction
Hypertension
Topical application near the eyes or mucosal membranes
Could potentiate anti-coagulation medications

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28
Q

What are the indications for Cassia angustifolia?

A

“Senna”
Actions: stimulating laxative
Atonic, non-inflammatory constipation: acts as an irritant laxative

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29
Q

What are the contraindications for Cassia angustifolia?

A

“Senna”
Pregnancy, use longer than 10 days, intestinal obstruction, IBD, bulimia/anorexia

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30
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Cassia angustifolia?

A

“Senna”
Can lead to laxative dependence
Overuse can lead to hypokalemia

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31
Q

What group of compounds are responsible for the actions of senna?

A

Anthraquinone glycosides

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32
Q

What are the indications for Caulophyllum thalictroides?

A

“Blue Cohosh”
Actions: anti- spasmotic, uterine tonic, parturifacient

Amenorrhea, menorrhagia
Dymenorrhea
Mittleschmerz
Facilitate labor in last weeks of pregnancy
Rheumatic and muscle pain

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33
Q

What are the contraindications for Caulophyllum thalictroides?

A

Early Pregnancy

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34
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Chamaelirium luteum?

A

“False unicorn root”
GI: N/V
Thirst
Headache
Muscle Weakness
Cardiovascular collapse
Convulsion

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35
Q

What are the indications for Chamaelirium luteum?

A

“False unicorn root”
Actions : Uterine Tonic
Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility, fibroids, menorrhagia
Uterine Prolapse

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36
Q

What are the contraindications for Chamaelirium luteum?

A

Early Pregnancy

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37
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Chamaelirium luteum?

A

None Known

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38
Q

What are the indications for Chelidonium majus?

A

“Greater Celandine”
Actions: Choleretic, cholagogue, bitter, hepatoprotective
Common and plantar warts (milky juice used topically)
Liver and gallbladder disorders: hepatic congestion, biliary insufficiency

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39
Q

What are the contraindications for Chelidonium majus?

A

“Greater Celandine”
Pregnancy, lactation, long term use, bile duct obstruction

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40
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Chelidonium majus?

A

“Greater Celandine”
N/V, burning in the mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea

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41
Q

What are the indications for Cimicifuga (Actaea) racemosa?

A

“Black Cohosh”
Actions: Uterine tonic, spasmolytic, anti-rheumatic
Dysmenorrhea
Infertility
Menopause symptoms
PMS
Skeletal muscle pain, RA

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42
Q

What are the contraindications for Cimicifuga (Actaea) racemosa?

A

“Black Cohosh”
Early pregnancy, lactation

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43
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Cimicifuga (Actaea) racemosa?

A

“Black Cohosh”
Sedation
Blurred vision
Large doses: N/V, headache, bradycardia, hypotension

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44
Q

What are the indications for Convallaria majalis?

A

“Lily of the valley”
Actions: Positive inotrophic, negatice chronotropic, diuretic
Arrhythmias
Congestive Heart Failure
Safer alternative to digitalis

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45
Q

What are the contraindications for Convallaria majalis?

A

“Lily of the Valley”
Pregnancy and lactation, hypokalemia, renal failure

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46
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Convallaria majalis?

A

N/V, bradycardia, visual disturbances

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47
Q

What compounds are responsible for the actions and toxicity of Convallaria?

A

Cardiac glycosides

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48
Q

What are the indications for Datura Stramonium?

A

“Jimson weed”
Actions: Anti-spasmotic, anodyne especially in respiratory tract

Acute treatment of asthma

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49
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Datura stramonium?

A

“Jimson Weed”
It is an anti-cholinergic

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50
Q

What are the contraindications for Datura stramonium?

A

“Jimson Weed”
Lactation and pregnancy
BPH or urinary retention
Cardiac: tachycardia, arrhythmias
Acute closed angle glaucoma
Pulmonary Edema
GI stenosis megacolon

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51
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Datura stramonium?

A

“Jimson Weed”
Dilated pupils
Dry mouth, eyes, and bronchi
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Constipation
Hot, dry flushed skin
Respiratory depression and comma may develop

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52
Q

What is a safe dose of Datura stramonium?

A

“Jimson Weed”
1- 10 drops of 1:10 tincture per day

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53
Q

What are the indications for Digitalis purpurea?

A

“Foxglove”
Action: Cardiac glycoside, anti-arrhythmic, diuretic
Congestive Hear Failure
Arrythmias
Crude herb is no longer commonly used

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54
Q

What are the contraindications for Digitalis purpurea?

A

“Foxglove”
Heart Block
Bradycardia
Fibrillation
Hypokalemia
Pregnancy/Lactation

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55
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Digitalis purpurea?

A

“Foxglove”
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Arrhythmias
Bradycardia

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56
Q

What are the drug interactions of Digitalis purpurpea?

A

“Foxglove”
Corticosteroids
Beta Blockers
Diuretics
Quinidine

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57
Q

What compound from Digitalis is now used as a drug, being much more toxic in this isolated form?

A

Digoxin

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58
Q

What are the indications for Ephedra sinica?

A

“Ephedra, Ma Hung”
Actions: Alpha adrenergic agonist: Brochodilating, mast cell stabilizing, hypertensive, thermogenic
Sinusitis
Asthma
COPD
Allergic rhinitis

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59
Q

What are the contraindications for Ephedra sinica?

A

“Ephedra”
Pregnancy/lactation
BPH
HTN
BM
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma

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60
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Ephedra sinica?

A

“Ephedra”
Sympathomimetic signs:
N/V
Vertigo
Sweating
Tachycardia
Dizziness, weakness

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61
Q

What are the some drug interactions that we need to be aware of with Ephedra sinica?

A

“Ephedra, Ma Hung”
MAO inhibitors
Anti-hypertensive medications

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62
Q

What compounds in Ephedra sinica are responsible for its cardiovascular toxicity?

A

Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine

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63
Q

What are the indications for Gelsemium sempervirens?

A

“Yellow Jasmine”
Actions: Anodyne, anti-spasmotic, sedative
Dymenorrhea
Biliary Colic
Ovarian Cysts (Turska’s Formula)
Neuralgia
Insomnia

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64
Q

What are the contraindications for Gelsemium sempervirens?

A

“Yellow Jasmine”
Pregnancy/lactation, hypotension, combination with other CNS depressants

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65
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Gelsemiun sempervirens?

A

“Yellow Jasmine”
Depresses cardiac and respiratory centers
Diplopia
Ptosis
Weakness
Hypotension
Respiratory Failure

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66
Q

What are indications for Glycyrrhiza glabra?

A

“Licorice”
Actions: Adaptogen, anti-viral , immunomodulating, demulcent, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogen
Hypotension
GI: PUD, GERD, gastritis, IBD
Viral hepatitis, cirrhosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Menopausal symptoms
HSV infections
HIV/AIDS
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Dry Cough

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67
Q

What are the contraindications for Glycyrrhiza glabra?

A

“Licorice”
Hypertension
Estrogen-dependent cancer (theoretical)
Pregnancy ( high dose)
Hyperaldosteronism

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68
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Glycyrrhizza glabra?

A

HTN
Aldosterone-life effect: fatigue, weight loss, edema
Hypokalemia

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69
Q

How does glycyrrhizin cause potassium loss?

A

Inhibition of 17 beta-hyroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the kidneys, preventing cortisol catabolism

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70
Q

What are indications for Hydrastis canadensis?

A

“Golden Seal”
Actions: Anti-microbial , immunomodulating bitter, anti- neoplastic
GI: Gastroenteritis, maldigestion, hypochlorhydria
Mastitis
Intestinal parasitic infections
H. pylori infection and PUD
Viral and bacterial inefections
Cancer

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71
Q

What are the contraindications for Hydrastis canadensis?

A

Late pregnancy, long term use, avoid long term active PUD. High doses may interfere with B vitamin metabolism

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72
Q

What are the indications for Hyoscyamus niger?

A

“Henbane”
Actions: spasmolytic, andoyne especially in GU tract
UTI, interstitial cystitis
Motion sickness

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73
Q

What are the contraindications for Hyoscyamus niger?

A

“Hendane”
BPH
Acute close glaucoma
Pregnancy/Lactation
Tachycardia, arrhythmia

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74
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Hyoscyamus niger?

A

“Hendane”
Anti-cholinergic effects: dry mouth, mydriasis, dry eyes, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia than bradycardia

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75
Q

What is a safe dose of Hyoscyamus niger?

A

2-10 drops of tincture

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76
Q

What are the indications for Hypericum perforatum?

A

St. John’s Wart
Actions: antiviral, inflammation modulator, nervine/antidepressant
Depression
Cancer
HSV, CMV, EBV or HIV infection

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77
Q

What are the contraindications for Hypericum perforatum?

A

“St. Johns Wart”
Combination with SSRI/SSNRI, 5-HTP, combined with MAO inhibitors and tyramine; use with OCP (decrease effectiveness) intense sun exposure with high doses

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78
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Hypericum perforatum?

A

“St. John Wart”
May cause photosensitivity

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79
Q

What is the effect of Hypericum Perforatum on CYP3A4? What constituent is responsible fo this effect?

A

“St. John Wart”
Induces CYP450:3A4 in the gut, hyperforin

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80
Q

What are the indications for Iris versicolor?

A

“Blue Flag”
Actions: Cholagogue, alternative, lymphagogue
Biliary Insufficiency
Chronic Skin Disease
Soft glandular enlargement

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81
Q

What are the contraindications for Iris versicolor?

A

“Blue Flag”
Doses > 1 ml TID, biliary obstruction, pregnancy/lactation

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82
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Iris versicolor?

A

“Blue Flag”
Violent emetic action: N/V
Violent Diarrhea
Burning in mouth and throat

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83
Q

What are the indications for Juniperus communis?

A

“Juniper”
Actions: Digestive stimulant, aquaretic, antimicrobial
Biliary insufficiency, maldigestion
UTI
Chronic arthritis, myalgias and gout (topical oil)

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84
Q

What are the contraindications for Juniperus communis?

A

“Juniper”
Long term use
Biliary obstruction, active PUD
Renal Inflammation
Pregnancy

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85
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Juniperus communis?

A

Juniper
Kidney damage (controversial)

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86
Q

What are the indications for Larrea tridentata?

A

“Chaparral”
Actions: Inflammation modulating, antioxidant, anti-neoplastic, anti-microbial
Cancer
Severe infections especially URI
Allergic rhinitis
HSV (topically)

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87
Q

What are the contraindications for Larrea tridentata?

A

“Chaparral”
Chronic liver disease, long term use, pregnacy

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88
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Larrea tridentata?

A

Hepatotoxic: elevated serum transaminases, jaundice, itching, brown urine, fatigue, N/V, and other signs of liver damage

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89
Q

What famous alkaloid is found in Lobelia inflata and what is its action?

A

“Indian Tobacco”
Lobeline; nicotinic receptor agonist

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90
Q

What are the indications for Lobelia inflata?

A

Actions: Stimulating expectorant, spasmolytic, emetic
Asthma
Wet Cough
Chronic Lung Disease
URI
Smoking Cessation

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91
Q

What are the contraindications for Lobelia inflata?

A

Pregnancy/lactation, high doses, chronic use, elderly and debilitation

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92
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Lobelia inflata?

A

Severe N/V

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93
Q

What are the indications for Lomatium dissectum?

A

“Indian Balsam”
Actions: Antiviral, immune stimulant
Lung Infections: Bronchitis
EBV
HPV

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94
Q

What are the contraindications for Lomatium dissectum?

A

“Indian Balsam”
Use of unprocessed fresh root, pregnancy

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95
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Lomatium dissectum?

A

“Indian Balsam”
Whole body rash from unprocessed fresh root

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96
Q

What are the indications for Lycopus virginicus?

A

“Bugleweed”
Actions: Thyrosuppressive. suppresses gonadotrophic production
Hyperthyroidism and Grave’s Disease

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97
Q

What are the contraindications for Lycopus virgincus?

A

“Bugleweed”
Hypothyroidism, infertility, pregnancy/lactation, children

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98
Q

What are the indications for Melaleuca alterniflora?

A

Tea Tree
Actions: anti-microbial, anti-fungal, vulnerary with affinity for the skin
Tinea pedis, onychomycosis
Candidiasis: vaginal, thrush
Dermatophytoses
Acne

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99
Q

What are the contraindications for Melaleuca alterniflora?

A

“Tea Tree”
Internal use, application over large area of broken skin, undiluted use of essential oil

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100
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Melaleuca alterniflora?

A

“Tea Tree”
Internal: N/V/D, abdominal pain
External: Contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals

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101
Q

What are the indications for Mitchella repens?

A

“Partridge Berry”
Actions: Uterine tonic, astringent, nervine parturifacient
Facilitation or stimulation of labor
Dysmenorrhea
Menorrhagia

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102
Q

What are the contraindications for Mitchella repens?

A

“Partridge Berry”
Early pregnancy

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103
Q

What are the signs of toxicity fro Mitchella repens?

A

None Known

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104
Q

What category of constituents is yohimbine?

A

Indole Alkaloid

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105
Q

What are the indications for Pausinystalia yohimbe?

A

Actions: Alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist, aphrodisiac
Erectile Dysfunction
Narcolepsy
Depression: mild MAO inhibitor

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106
Q

What are the contraindications for Pausinystalia yohimbe?

A

Severe Edema
Kidney Disease
Psychiatric Disorders: PTSD, panic attacks, anxiety
Pregnancy/Lactation
PUD

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107
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Pausinystalia yohimbe?

A

Anxiety and panic attacks
Hypertension and tachycardia
Headaches
Dizziness
Insomnia

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108
Q

What are the indications for Phytolacca americana?

A

“Poke Root”
Actions: Lymphogogue, alternative
Lympadenopathy
Ovarain cysts (Turska’s Formula)
Mastitis, orchitis, parotitis
Tonsillitis

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109
Q

What are the contraindications for Phytolacca americana?

A

“Poke Root”
Large internal doses, pregnancy/lactation (okay short term for mastitis topically)

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110
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Phytolacca americana?

A

“Poke Root”
N/V/D, abdominal cramping
Bradypnea, respiratory depression
Bradycardia, hypotension

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111
Q

What are the indications for Piper methysticum?

A

“Kava Kava”
Actions: Anxiolytic, anodyne, anti-spasmotic, sedative
Interstitial cystitis/ UTI
IBS
Anxiety

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112
Q

What are the contraindication for Piper methysticum?

A

“Kava Kava”
Anti-psychotic medication, long term internal use of high doses

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113
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Piper methysticum?

A

Kava Kava
Long term, high dose use causes skin rash
Increased liver enzymes

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114
Q

What are the indicates for Podophyllum peltaptum?

A

“Mayapple, American Mandrake”
Actions: antiviral, antineoplastic, cholagogue, lymphagogue
No longer used as crude herb
Common, plantar, genital warts
Cancer

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115
Q

What are the contraindications for Podophyllum peltatum?

A

“Mayapple, American Mandrake”
Use on skin around eyes and mucous membranes, internal use

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116
Q

What are they signs of toxicity for Podophyllum peltatum?

A

Strongly cathartic
GI irritation
N/V/D
Parasthesia and hypotension

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117
Q

What are the indication for Pulsatilla vulgaris?

A
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118
Q

What are the contraindication for Pulsatilla vulgaris?

A
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119
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Pulsatilla vulgaris?

A
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120
Q

What are the indications for for Rauwolfia serpentina?

A
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121
Q

What are the contraidications for Rauwolfia serpentina?

A
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122
Q

How does resperine work?

A
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123
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Rauwolfia serpentina?

A
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124
Q

What are the indications for Ricinis communis?

A
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125
Q

What are the contraindications for Ricinis communis?

A
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126
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Ricinis communis?

A
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127
Q

What are the indications for Sanguinaria canadensis?

A
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128
Q

What are the contraindications for Sanguinaria canadensis?

A
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129
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for sanguinaria canadensis?

A
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130
Q

What is the name of the red alkaloid in sanguinaria canadensis?

A
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131
Q

What are the indications for selenicereus grandiflorus?

A
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132
Q

What are the signs of toxicity of selenicereus grandiflorus?

A
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133
Q

What are the contraindications for selenicereus grandiflorus?

A
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134
Q

What is considered a safe dose for selenicereus grandiflorus?

A
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135
Q

What are the indications for Symphytum officinale?

A
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136
Q

What are the contraindications for Symphytum officinale?

A
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137
Q

What compounds contained in symphytum officinale make it potentially toxic?

A
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138
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Symphytum officinale?

A
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139
Q

What are the indications for Thuja occidentalis?

A
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140
Q

What are the contraindications for Thuja occidentalis?

A
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141
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Thuja occidentalis?

A
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142
Q

What are the indications for Tanacetum parhtenium?

A
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143
Q

What are the contraindications for tanacetum parthenium?

A
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144
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Tanacetum parthenium?

A
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145
Q

What are the indications for Tanacetum vulagre?

A
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146
Q

What are the contraindications for Tanacetum?

A
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147
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Tanacetum vulgare?

A
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148
Q

What are the indications for Veratrum viride?

A
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149
Q

What are the contraindications for Veratrum viride?

A
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150
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Veratrum viride?

A
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151
Q

What are the indications for Viscum album?

A
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152
Q

What are the contraindications for Viscum album?

A
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153
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Viscum album?

A
154
Q

What are the indications for Achillea millefolium?

A
155
Q

What are the contraindications for Achillea millefolium?

A
156
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Achillea millefolium?

A
157
Q

What part of Aesculus hippocastanum toxic?

A
158
Q

What are the indications of Aseculus hippocastanum?

A
159
Q

What are the contraindications for Aesculus hippocastanum?

A
160
Q

What are the indications for Allium Cepa and Allium sativum?

A
161
Q

What are the contraindications for Allium cepa and Allium sativum?

A
162
Q

What are the major active compounds in Aloe vera gel?

A
163
Q

What are the indications for Aloe vera gel?

A
164
Q

What are the contraindications for Aloe vera gel?

A
165
Q

What are the major active compound in Aloe vera latex? What are their actions?

A
166
Q

What are the contraindications for Aloe vera latex?

A
167
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Aloe vera latex?

A
168
Q

What are the indications for Althaea officinalis?

A
169
Q

What compounds are responsible for actions for Althaea officinalis?

A
170
Q

What are the contraindications for Althaea officinalis?

A
171
Q

What are the indications for Angelica sinensis?

A
172
Q

What are the contraindications for Angelica sinensis?

A
173
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Angelica sinensis?

A
174
Q

What are the indications for Arctium lappa?

A
175
Q

What are the contraindications for Arctium lappa?

A
176
Q

What are the indications for Arctostaphylos uva ursi?

A
177
Q

What are the contraindications for Arctostaphylos uva-ursi?

A
178
Q

What compound in Artostaphylos uva-urse requires an alkaline urine to ultimately be effective? What type of compound is it? Describe its pharmacokinetics?

A
179
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Arctostaphylos uva-ursi?

A
180
Q

What is the main actions of Artemesia annua?

A
181
Q

What are the main actions of Asclepius tuberosa?

A
182
Q

What are common uses of Asclepisu tuberosa?

A
183
Q

What are the actions and indications for Aspidosperma quebracho?

A
184
Q

What are the contraindications for Aspidosperma quebracho?

A
185
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Aspidosperma quebracho?

A
186
Q

What are the indications for Astragulus membranaceus?

A
187
Q

What are the contraindications for Astragalus membranaceus?

A
188
Q

What are the indications for Avena sativa?

A
189
Q

What are the contraindications for Avena sativa?

A
190
Q

What is the main action of Bacopa monierri?

A
191
Q

What are some common uses for Bacopa monierri?

A
192
Q

What famous alkaloid is found in Mahonia aquifolium and Hydrastis canadensis?

A
193
Q

What are the indications for Mahonia aquifolium?

A
194
Q

What are the contraindications for Mahonia aquifolium?

A
195
Q

What are the signs of toxicity of Mahonia aquifolium?

A
196
Q

What is the main action of Berberis vulgaris?

A
197
Q

What are the main uses of Berberis vulgaris?

A
198
Q

What are the indications of Boswellia serrata?

A
199
Q

What are the contraindications for Boswellia serrata?

A
200
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Boswellia serrata?

A
201
Q

What are the indications for Calendula officinalis?

A
202
Q

What are the contraindications for Calendula officinalis?

A
203
Q

What are the most important constituents for Camilla sinesis?

A
204
Q

What are the indications for Capsella Bursa pastoris?

A
205
Q

What are the contraindications for Capsella bursa-pastoris?

A
206
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Capsella bursa- pastoris?

A
207
Q

What are the indications for Ceanothus americanus?

A
208
Q

What are the contraindications for Ceanothus americanus?

A
209
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Ceanothus americanus?

A
210
Q

What are the indications for Centella asiatica?

A
211
Q

What are the contraindications for Centella asiatica?

A
212
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Centella Asiatica?

A
213
Q

What are the indications for Chionanthis virginicus?

A
214
Q

What are the contraindications for Chionanthus virginicus?

A
215
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Chionanthus virginicus?

A
216
Q

What are the indications for Cineraria maritima?

A
217
Q

What are the contraindications for cineraria maritima?

A
218
Q

What are the indications for Cinnamomum zeylanicum?

A
219
Q

What are the contraindications for Cinnamomum zeylanicum?

A
220
Q

What is the main, well-known, active compound in Coleus Forskohlii, what type of compound is it, and what is its action?

A
221
Q

What are the indications for Coleus Forskohlii?

A
222
Q

What are the adverse effects for Coleus Forskohlii?

A
223
Q

What are the indications for Commiphora mol-mol?

A
224
Q

What are the contraindications for Commiphora mol-mol?

A
225
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Commiphora mol-mol?

A
226
Q

What actions does Commiphora mukul have?

A
227
Q

What are the differences between Commiphora mol-mol and Commiphora mukul?

A
228
Q

What are the main uses of Cordyceps sinesis?

A
229
Q

What are the indications for Corydalis ambigua?

A
230
Q

What are the contraindications of Corydalis ambigua?

A
231
Q

What are the indications for Crataegus laevigata?

A
232
Q

What are the contraindications for Crataegus laevigata?

A
233
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Crataegus laevigata?

A
234
Q

What category of compounds are generally responsible for the actions of Crataegus?

A
235
Q

What are the indications for Curcuma longa?

A
236
Q

What are the contraindications for Curcuma longa?

A
237
Q

What are the indications for Cynara scolymus?

A
238
Q

What are the contraindications for Cynara scolymus? ?

A
239
Q

What are the indications for Dioscorea villosa?

A
240
Q

What are the contraindications for Dioscorea villosa?

A
241
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Dioscorea villosa?

A
242
Q

What are the indications for Echinacea species?

A
243
Q

What are the contraindications for Echinacea species?

A
244
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Echinancea species?

A
245
Q

What part of the plant is used in Echinacea purpura?

A
246
Q

What part of the plant is used in Echinacea pallida?

A
247
Q

What part of the plant is used in Echinacea angustifolia?

A
248
Q

What are the indications for Eleutherococcus senticosus?

A
249
Q

What are the contraindications for Eleutherococcus senticosus?

A
250
Q

What are the indications for Equisetum arvense?

A
251
Q

What are the contraindications for Equisetum arvense?

A
252
Q

What is the main action of Eschscholzia californica?

A
253
Q

What are the contraindications for Eschscholzia californica?

A
254
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Eschscholzia californica?

A
255
Q

What are the indications for Eucalyptus globulus?

A
256
Q

What are the contraindications for Eucalyptus globulus?

A
257
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Eucalyptus globulus?

A
258
Q

What are the indications for Eupatorium perfoliatum?

A
259
Q

What are the contraindications for Eupatorium perfoliatum?

A
260
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Eupatorium perfoliatum?

A
261
Q

What are the indications for Eupatorium purpureum?

A
262
Q

What are the contraindications for Eupatorium purpureum?

A
263
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Eupatorium purpureum?

A
264
Q

What are the indications for Euphrasia stricta?

A
265
Q

What are the contraindications fro Euphrasia strica?

A
266
Q

What are the indications for Foeniculum vulgare?

A
267
Q

What are the contraindications for Foeniculum vulgare?

A
268
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Foeniculum vulgare?

A
269
Q

What is the main action of Fucus vesiculosis?

A
270
Q

What are the indications for Galium aparine?

A
271
Q

What are the contraindications for Galium aparine?

A
272
Q

What are the indications for Ganoderma lucidum?

A
273
Q

What are the contraindications Gandoderma lucidum?

A
274
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Ganoderma lucidum?

A
275
Q

What are the indications for Gentiana lutea?

A
276
Q

What are the contraindications for Gentianan lutea?

A
277
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Gentiana lutea?

A
278
Q

What compound in Gentiana lutea are responsible for its taste?

A
279
Q

What are the indications for Geranium maculatum?

A
280
Q

What are the contraindications fro Geranium maculatum?

A
281
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Geranium maculatum?

A
282
Q

What are the indications for Ginkgo biloba?

A
283
Q

What are the contraindications for Ginkgo biloba?

A
284
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Ginkgo biloba?

A
285
Q

What are the indications for Grindelia robusta?

A
286
Q

What are the contraindications for Grindelia robusta?

A
287
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Grindelia robusta?

A
288
Q

What is the main action Gymnema sylvestre?

A
289
Q

What are the indications for Hamamelus virginiana?

A
290
Q

What are the contraindications for Hamamelus virginiana?

A
291
Q

What are the indications for Harpagophytum procumbens?

A
292
Q

What are the contraindications for Harpagophytum procumbens?

A
293
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Harpagophytum procumbens?

A
294
Q

What are the indications for Humulus lupulus?

A
295
Q

What are the contraindications for Humulus lupulus?

A
296
Q

What are the indications for Hydrangea arborescens?

A
297
Q

What are the contraindications for Hydrangea arborescens?

A
298
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Hydrangea arborescens?

A
299
Q

What are the contraindications for Inula helenium?

A
300
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for Inula helenium?

A
301
Q
A
302
Q
A
303
Q
A
304
Q
A
305
Q
A
306
Q
A
307
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308
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309
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310
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311
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312
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313
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314
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315
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316
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317
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Botanical Medicine (4 decks)

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