Potential Exam Q’s

Question 1

What muscles create the boundaries of the cervical visceral space in the horse ventrally?

Answer 1

1. 2.

Question 2

What muscles create create the boundaries of the cervical visceral space in the horse laterally?

Answer 2

1.
2.

Question 3

What muscles create create the boundaries of the cervical visceral space in the horse dorsally?

Answer 3

1.
2.

Question 4

List the four openings in the diaphragm:

Answer 4

1. Lumbocostal arch
2. Aortic hiatus
3. Esophageal hiatus
4. Caval foramen

Question 5

Using the patellar reflex, describe the general course of nerve fibers (including synapses) from the patella tendon to the muscle (state the muscle involved) that contracts to extend the stifle. Be sure to include the pathway into the spinal cord and out. Use correct terms to located cell bodies and the peripheral and central nervous system parts. This reflex is within the same segment of the spinal cord.

Question 6

What are the distinct difference in the right and left lung lobes?

Question 7

Phrenic nerves right and left are different, where do they come together?

Question 8

What are the 3 tubular structures in the caudal mediastinum?

Question 9

What is the route that a needle would take through the skin to the pleural cavity?

Question 10

Tracheal bronchus in cats, dogs and pigs

Answer 10

Not present in horses or other ruminants

Question 11

What are the four types of neurons?

Answer 11

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
Anaxonal

Question 12

Multipolar neuron

Question 13

Bipolar neuron

Question 14

Unipolar neuron

Question 15

Anaxonal neuron

Question 16

Divergence vs Convergence:

Question 17

Identify the four groups of neurons found in the nervous system:

Question 18

Identify two locations of lower motor neurons:

Question 19

What are the five functional segments of a neuron?

Answer 19

Receptive segment (dendritic zone)
Cell body (trophic area)
Trigger zone (axon hillock)
Conductive segment (axons)
Transmissive segment (telodendrons)

Question 20

What are three types of synapses?

Question 21

What are three components of a synapse?

Answer 21

1. Pre-synaptic membrane
2. Synaptic gap
3. Post-synaptic membrane

Question 22

List five glial cells and note the only one found in the PNS:

Question 23

What are the spinal segment counts?

Answer 23

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Caudal

Question 24

Identify the cervicothoracic ganglion

Question 25

Identify the Foramen ovale

Question 26

Identify the Ductus arteriosus

Question 27

Identify the Pectinate muscles

Question 28

Identify the Papillary muscles

Question 29

Identify the Chordae tendineae

Question 30

Nutritional blood supply

Question 31

Functional blood supply

Question 32

Artery

Question 33

Vein

Question 34

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 34

-Fight or flight
-“Thoracolumbar”
-Neurotransmitter released by the pre-ganglionic neuronal transmitter segment synapse is acetylcholine
-Neurotransmitter released at the post-ganglionic neuronal transmitter segment-effector junction is NE or E
-Pupil dilation: you want to take in information, making the pupils big
-Mydriasis

Question 35

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS)

Answer 35

-Rest and digest = homeostasis
-Parasympathetic preganglionic neuron cell bodies locatives in craniosacral
-The neurotransmitter released by the pre-ganglionic neuronal transmitter segment synapse is acetylcholine
-The neurotransmitter released at the post-ganglionic neuronal transmitter segment-effector junction is acetylcholine
-PSNS = pupil constriction
-Miosis

Question 36

Identify the Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 37

Identify the Caudal mediastinal lymph nodes (ruminants)