Potassium

Question 1

What causes hypokalaemia with alkalosis?

Answer 1

Vomiting
Thiazide and loop diuretics
Cushing’s
Primary hyperaldosteronism

Question 2

What causes hypokalaemia with acidosis?

Answer 2

Diarrhoea
Renal tubular acidosis
Acetazolamide
DKA - partially treated

Question 3

What causes hypokalaemia with hypertension?

Answer 3

Cushing’s
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s)
Liddle’s syndrome
11-beta hydroxylate deficiency (rarer cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia)

Question 4

What causes hypokalaemia without hypertension?

Answer 4

Diuretics
GI loss
Renal tubular acidosis
Bartter’s syndrome
Gitelman syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 5

What causes hyperkalaemia?

Answer 5

AKI
Metabolic acidosis
Addison’s
Rhabdomyolysis
Massive blood transfusion
Drugs

Question 6

What drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

Answer 6

Potassium sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
Ciclosporin
Heparin