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Functional Anatomy > Posture: Spine & Pelvis > Flashcards

Posture: Spine & Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the UE dependent on?

A

a stable base

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2
Q

If we have poor posture, what part of our body will we be inefficient with?

A

Hands and arms (limited)

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3
Q

what are the benefits of symmetrical posture and alignment?

A
  • minimizes orthopedic deformities
  • prevents fatigue
  • reduces likelihood of injury
  • improves our balance
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4
Q

Which skeleton provides support for the other skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton provides support for the appendicular skeleton

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5
Q

What joint is at the end of the axial skeleton?

A

Sacro-illiac joint

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the spine?

A
  • weight bearing function
  • movement
  • surrounds and protects spinal cord
  • absorbs shock and compressive forces, disc joints and spinal curves contribute to shock absorption
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7
Q

How many vertebrae are there? To which regions to they belong to?

A

C =7
T = 12
L = 5
C = 4

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8
Q

What type of joints are facet joints?

A

synovial joints

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9
Q

Functionally, facet joints are what type of joints?

A

Hinge joints

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10
Q

What types of movements are allowed at the facet joints?

A

Flexion, extension, and torsional movments

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11
Q

How many pairs of apophyseal (facet) joints are there?

A

24

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12
Q

What is the shape of the cervical facet joints?

A

oblique ( 45 between transverse and frontal)

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13
Q

Why are cervical facet joints oblique?

A

Because the head needs t turn and rotate

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14
Q

What time of joints are intervertebral discs?

A

Amphiarthrotic (slight movment)

Cartilaginous (absorbs shock, provides spaces)

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15
Q

Development formation of curves of the spine: (3 processes)

A
  1. C-shaped kyphosis
  2. Cervical Lordosis of neck
  3. Lumbar Lordosis of lower back
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16
Q

What is important about having good curves of the spine?

A

there is less wear and tear on the joints

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17
Q

In a lordosis curve, the back is concave____ and convex_____

A

posterior, anterior

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18
Q

In a thoracic curve, the body is concave___ and convex____

A

anterior, posterior

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19
Q

What are the two main spinal ligaments?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

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20
Q

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments extend from the ___ to the ____

A

Axis to sacrum

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21
Q

The ligament limits backward bending

A

ALL

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22
Q

This ligament limits forward flexion

A

PLL

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23
Q

This ligament is taught in a backbend

A

ALL

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24
Q

This ligament is taut in forward flexion

A

PLL

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25
Q

ALL is ___during flexion and___during extension

A

Compressed, stretched

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26
Q

PLL is ____ during flexion and ___ during extension

A

stretched, slack

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27
Q

What are the joins at the head and neck?

A

Atlanto-occipital joint (atlas to occipital condyles)

Atlanto-axial joint

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28
Q

What kind of joint is the AOJ?

A

synovial, condyloid, diarthrotic, triaxial

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29
Q

The AOJ allows which types of movments?

A

Flexion/extension, rotation, lateral flexion

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30
Q

AAJ (C1-C2) : Atlanto-axial joint is located where?

A

between the atlas and axis

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31
Q

The AAJ allows for what type of movement?

A

Rotation

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32
Q

what bony prominence allows for rotation at the AAJ?

A

dens

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33
Q

How many degrees for flexion at the neck?

A

45

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34
Q

how many degrees for extension at the neck?

A

70

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35
Q

how many degrees for lateral flexion of the neck?

A

45

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36
Q

How many degrees for rotation at the neck?

A

70 degrees

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37
Q

Neck Rotation occurs around which plane? AOR?

A

transverse plane

vertical AOR

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38
Q

Flexion and extension of the neck occurs in which plane? AOR?

A

Sagittal plane

Frontal AOR

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39
Q

Lateral flexion of the neck occurs in which plane? AOR?

A

Frontal plane

Sagittal AOR

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40
Q

What type of curve is found in the cervical spine?

A

lordotic curve (concave posteriorly)

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41
Q

There is less weight bearing in the cervical spine than in which other regions?

A

Thoracic and lumbar

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42
Q

Less weight bearing in the cervical spine allows for what?

A

more mobility (most mobile region of the spine!!)

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43
Q

In the cervical spine, what are the characteristics of the intervertebral discs?

A

thick

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44
Q

In the cervical spine, facet joints are oriented how?

A

obliquely ( oriented between transverse and frontal planes-45 degrees)

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45
Q

Which muscle is involved with the main function of moving the head?

A

SCM

46
Q

The posterior portion of SCM does what action?

A

Extends the head

47
Q

The anterior portion of SCM does what action?

A

Flexes the head

48
Q

SCM works with which muscle to extend or flex the head and neck?

A

longus colli

49
Q

What does longus colli prevent?

A

hyperextension of the head/neck

50
Q

Besides flexion/extension, SCM moves the head and neck how?

A

laterally flexes head and neck

contralaterally rotates the head an neck

51
Q

When the spine is at equilibrium, is there movement?

A

no

52
Q

Where does the COG of the head lie?

A

between the temples, above the TMJ joint

53
Q

MAKE SLIDES ON FORCES ACTING ON CERVICAL SPINE!

A

YES

54
Q

The neutral position of the head requires how much muscle force to balance?

A

25 N

55
Q

How much muscle force does a forward position of the head require?

A

100 N

56
Q

When moving the head forward, which arm is changing? which arm is remaining the same?

A

Resistance arm changes

Effort arm remains the same

57
Q

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine?

A

12

58
Q

The 12 thoracic vertebrae correspond to what?

A

The 12 pairs of ribs

59
Q

How does the thoracic spine compare to the cervical and lumbar regions? What is the benefit of this?

A

The thoracic spine is less mobile and therefore more stable

Benefit: less injury

60
Q

The facet joints of the thoracic spine have what type of orientation?

A

frontal plane orientation

61
Q

The facet joints of the thoracic spine can move in which directions?

A

Flex/ext, lateral flexion, rotation

62
Q

What is the major reason for the lack of movement in the thoracic spine?

A

the ribcage

63
Q

What kinds of joints are costospinal joints?

A

Synovial joints (non axial and allow gliding)

64
Q

What do the costospinal joints do for the ribs?

A

Stabilize ribs and allow mobility of ribs relative to spine

65
Q

Ribs 1-10 also articulate with what anteriorly? What is this joint called?

A

Sternum

Sternocostal joints

66
Q

How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine?

A

5

67
Q

What kind of curve makes up with lumbar spine?

A

lordotic curve

68
Q

The lumbar spine is concave___ and convex____

A

posteriorly, anteriorly

69
Q

What is significant about the lumbar spine compared to the cervical and thoracic regions?

A

greater weight bearing

70
Q

Facet joints of the lumbar spine are in which plane?

A

sagittal

71
Q

The sagittal plane orientation of the facet joints of the lumbar spine make it easy to move into which directions?

A

flexion/extension

72
Q

The mobility and stability requirements of the lumbar spine subject it to what?

A

injury

73
Q

How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for flexion?

A

85

74
Q

How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for extension?

A

45

75
Q

How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for rotation?

A

35

76
Q

How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for lateral flexion?

A

45

77
Q

Where is the lumbosacral joint located?

A

L5-S1

78
Q

What are the 5 fused vertebrae of the sacrum called?

A

sacrum

79
Q

In the lumosacral joint, what moves relative to the trunk?

A

the pelvis

80
Q

What kind of ligaments are the lumbosacral joint stabilized by?

A

iliolumbar ligaments

81
Q

What movements are possible at the lumbosacral joint?

A
  • anterior and posterior pelvic tilt
  • depression and elevation (lateral tilt) on one side in frontal plane
  • rotation to right or left
82
Q

In a posterior pelvic tilt, the ASIS is positioned how?

A

posterior

83
Q

In an anterior pelvic tilt, the ASIS is positioned how?

A

forward (anteriorly)

84
Q

What are the anterior muscles of at the lumbosacral joint?

A

abdominal wall muscles

85
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the lumbosacral joint?

A

errector spine and transversalis groups

86
Q

When in neutral, the anterior pelvic muscles pull in which direction? Which type of tilt is causes?

A

upwards

posterior pelvic tilt

87
Q

When in neutral, the posterior pelvic muscles pull in which direction? Causes what type of tilt?

A

Downwards

anterior pelvic tilt

88
Q

Which two muscles work together to keep the pelvis stable and upright?

A

quadratus lumborum and transversalis spinalis

89
Q

Which muscles make up erector spine? Where do they run from?

A

Spinalis: spine to spine
Longissimus: transverse process to transverse process
Iliocostalis: rib to rib

90
Q

What axis is the cervical, thoracic and lumbar movements in?

A

frontal axis

91
Q

Movement in spine is sagittal and frontal depending on what two things?

A

unilateral and bilateral contraction

92
Q

What provides torque (tendency) in the spine

A

moment arm

93
Q

Muscles that are parallel to the vertebral column arm limited in what way?

A

They do not have a moment arm for rotation

94
Q

What movement is transversospinalis responsible for?

A

rotation of the vertebral column

95
Q

How does transversospinalis rotate the vertebral column?

A

By pulling the medial insertion(spinous process) towards the lateral origin (transverse process)

As the trunk turns right, the spinous process turns left

96
Q

Why can transversospinalis rotate?

A

Because it is not parallel to the vertebral column

97
Q

In an open chain movement, the origin is what?

A

stabilized

98
Q

In an open chain movement, what kind of contraction occurs?

A

concentric

99
Q

In an open chain movement, does the origin or insertion move?

A

the insertion moves

100
Q

In a closed chain movement what is stabilized?

A

The insertion

101
Q

In a closed chain movement, what moves?

A

the origin

102
Q

Why would you hold a box closer to your body when carrying it?

A

To decrease the resistance arm

103
Q

When carrying a heavy box, as the size of the box increases, which arm increases? What is there a greater tendency towards?

A

Arm of resistance

Vertebral flexion

104
Q

There is a short moment arm for errector spine so it tends to do what?

A

compress the vertebral discs

105
Q

If there is a small or no moment arm, what kind of movement will be possible?

A

linear

106
Q

When we lean forward, what happens to the errector spine muscles?

A

They lose their mechanical advanatage

107
Q

How can we decrease the moment arm when bending over? (2 things) What will this do to errector spine?

A
  1. place hand on sink
  2. bend knees

Give it a mechanical advantage

108
Q

Which body region creates a normal lumbar curve when using a w/c

A

pelvis

109
Q

When using a wheelchair, the Pelvis is the foundation for what?

A

stabilization

110
Q

When using a wheelchair what happens to the hamstrings?

A

The may become asymmetrical and short

111
Q

When using a W/C, if not seated properly, compression forces will act upon what?

A

ishial tuberosity

Functional Anatomy (3 decks)

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