Posture: Spine & Pelvis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the UE dependent on?
A
a stable base
2
Q
If we have poor posture, what part of our body will we be inefficient with?
A
Hands and arms (limited)
3
Q
what are the benefits of symmetrical posture and alignment?
A
- minimizes orthopedic deformities
- prevents fatigue
- reduces likelihood of injury
- improves our balance
4
Q
Which skeleton provides support for the other skeleton?
A
Axial skeleton provides support for the appendicular skeleton
5
Q
What joint is at the end of the axial skeleton?
A
Sacro-illiac joint
6
Q
What are the main functions of the spine?
A
- weight bearing function
- movement
- surrounds and protects spinal cord
- absorbs shock and compressive forces, disc joints and spinal curves contribute to shock absorption
7
Q
How many vertebrae are there? To which regions to they belong to?
A
C =7
T = 12
L = 5
C = 4
8
Q
What type of joints are facet joints?
A
synovial joints
9
Q
Functionally, facet joints are what type of joints?
A
Hinge joints
10
Q
What types of movements are allowed at the facet joints?
A
Flexion, extension, and torsional movments
11
Q
How many pairs of apophyseal (facet) joints are there?
A
24
12
Q
What is the shape of the cervical facet joints?
A
oblique ( 45 between transverse and frontal)
13
Q
Why are cervical facet joints oblique?
A
Because the head needs t turn and rotate
14
Q
What time of joints are intervertebral discs?
A
Amphiarthrotic (slight movment)
Cartilaginous (absorbs shock, provides spaces)
15
Q
Development formation of curves of the spine: (3 processes)
A
- C-shaped kyphosis
- Cervical Lordosis of neck
- Lumbar Lordosis of lower back
16
Q
What is important about having good curves of the spine?
A
there is less wear and tear on the joints
17
Q
In a lordosis curve, the back is concave____ and convex_____
A
posterior, anterior
18
Q
In a thoracic curve, the body is concave___ and convex____
A
anterior, posterior
19
Q
What are the two main spinal ligaments?
A
Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
20
Q
The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments extend from the ___ to the ____
A
Axis to sacrum
21
Q
The ligament limits backward bending
A
ALL
22
Q
This ligament limits forward flexion
A
PLL
23
Q
This ligament is taught in a backbend
A
ALL
24
Q
This ligament is taut in forward flexion
A
PLL
25
ALL is ___during flexion and___during extension
Compressed, stretched
26
PLL is ____ during flexion and ___ during extension
stretched, slack
27
What are the joins at the head and neck?
Atlanto-occipital joint (atlas to occipital condyles)
Atlanto-axial joint
28
What kind of joint is the AOJ?
synovial, condyloid, diarthrotic, triaxial
29
The AOJ allows which types of movments?
Flexion/extension, rotation, lateral flexion
30
AAJ (C1-C2) : Atlanto-axial joint is located where?
between the atlas and axis
31
The AAJ allows for what type of movement?
Rotation
32
what bony prominence allows for rotation at the AAJ?
dens
33
How many degrees for flexion at the neck?
45
34
how many degrees for extension at the neck?
70
35
how many degrees for lateral flexion of the neck?
45
36
How many degrees for rotation at the neck?
70 degrees
37
Neck Rotation occurs around which plane? AOR?
transverse plane
vertical AOR
38
Flexion and extension of the neck occurs in which plane? AOR?
Sagittal plane
Frontal AOR
39
Lateral flexion of the neck occurs in which plane? AOR?
Frontal plane
Sagittal AOR
40
What type of curve is found in the cervical spine?
lordotic curve (concave posteriorly)
41
There is less weight bearing in the cervical spine than in which other regions?
Thoracic and lumbar
42
Less weight bearing in the cervical spine allows for what?
more mobility (most mobile region of the spine!!)
43
In the cervical spine, what are the characteristics of the intervertebral discs?
thick
44
In the cervical spine, facet joints are oriented how?
obliquely ( oriented between transverse and frontal planes-45 degrees)
45
Which muscle is involved with the main function of moving the head?
SCM
46
The posterior portion of SCM does what action?
Extends the head
47
The anterior portion of SCM does what action?
Flexes the head
48
SCM works with which muscle to extend or flex the head and neck?
longus colli
49
What does longus colli prevent?
hyperextension of the head/neck
50
Besides flexion/extension, SCM moves the head and neck how?
laterally flexes head and neck
contralaterally rotates the head an neck
51
When the spine is at equilibrium, is there movement?
no
52
Where does the COG of the head lie?
between the temples, above the TMJ joint
53
MAKE SLIDES ON FORCES ACTING ON CERVICAL SPINE!
YES
54
The neutral position of the head requires how much muscle force to balance?
25 N
55
How much muscle force does a forward position of the head require?
100 N
56
When moving the head forward, which arm is changing? which arm is remaining the same?
Resistance arm changes
Effort arm remains the same
57
How many vertebrae make up the thoracic spine?
12
58
The 12 thoracic vertebrae correspond to what?
The 12 pairs of ribs
59
How does the thoracic spine compare to the cervical and lumbar regions? What is the benefit of this?
The thoracic spine is less mobile and therefore more stable
Benefit: less injury
60
The facet joints of the thoracic spine have what type of orientation?
frontal plane orientation
61
The facet joints of the thoracic spine can move in which directions?
Flex/ext, lateral flexion, rotation
62
What is the major reason for the lack of movement in the thoracic spine?
the ribcage
63
What kinds of joints are costospinal joints?
Synovial joints (non axial and allow gliding)
64
What do the costospinal joints do for the ribs?
Stabilize ribs and allow mobility of ribs relative to spine
65
Ribs 1-10 also articulate with what anteriorly? What is this joint called?
Sternum
Sternocostal joints
66
How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine?
5
67
What kind of curve makes up with lumbar spine?
lordotic curve
68
The lumbar spine is concave___ and convex____
posteriorly, anteriorly
69
What is significant about the lumbar spine compared to the cervical and thoracic regions?
greater weight bearing
70
Facet joints of the lumbar spine are in which plane?
sagittal
71
The sagittal plane orientation of the facet joints of the lumbar spine make it easy to move into which directions?
flexion/extension
72
The mobility and stability requirements of the lumbar spine subject it to what?
injury
73
How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for flexion?
85
74
How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for extension?
45
75
How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for rotation?
35
76
How many degrees of movement in the thoracolumbar spine for lateral flexion?
45
77
Where is the lumbosacral joint located?
L5-S1
78
What are the 5 fused vertebrae of the sacrum called?
sacrum
79
In the lumosacral joint, what moves relative to the trunk?
the pelvis
80
What kind of ligaments are the lumbosacral joint stabilized by?
iliolumbar ligaments
81
What movements are possible at the lumbosacral joint?
- anterior and posterior pelvic tilt
- depression and elevation (lateral tilt) on one side in frontal plane
- rotation to right or left
82
In a posterior pelvic tilt, the ASIS is positioned how?
posterior
83
In an anterior pelvic tilt, the ASIS is positioned how?
forward (anteriorly)
84
What are the anterior muscles of at the lumbosacral joint?
abdominal wall muscles
85
What are the posterior muscles of the lumbosacral joint?
errector spine and transversalis groups
86
When in neutral, the anterior pelvic muscles pull in which direction? Which type of tilt is causes?
upwards
posterior pelvic tilt
87
When in neutral, the posterior pelvic muscles pull in which direction? Causes what type of tilt?
Downwards
anterior pelvic tilt
88
Which two muscles work together to keep the pelvis stable and upright?
quadratus lumborum and transversalis spinalis
89
Which muscles make up erector spine? Where do they run from?
Spinalis: spine to spine
Longissimus: transverse process to transverse process
Iliocostalis: rib to rib
90
What axis is the cervical, thoracic and lumbar movements in?
frontal axis
91
Movement in spine is sagittal and frontal depending on what two things?
unilateral and bilateral contraction
92
What provides torque (tendency) in the spine
moment arm
93
Muscles that are parallel to the vertebral column arm limited in what way?
They do not have a moment arm for rotation
94
What movement is transversospinalis responsible for?
rotation of the vertebral column
95
How does transversospinalis rotate the vertebral column?
By pulling the medial insertion(spinous process) towards the lateral origin (transverse process)
As the trunk turns right, the spinous process turns left
96
Why can transversospinalis rotate?
Because it is not parallel to the vertebral column
97
In an open chain movement, the origin is what?
stabilized
98
In an open chain movement, what kind of contraction occurs?
concentric
99
In an open chain movement, does the origin or insertion move?
the insertion moves
100
In a closed chain movement what is stabilized?
The insertion
101
In a closed chain movement, what moves?
the origin
102
Why would you hold a box closer to your body when carrying it?
To decrease the resistance arm
103
When carrying a heavy box, as the size of the box increases, which arm increases? What is there a greater tendency towards?
Arm of resistance
Vertebral flexion
104
There is a short moment arm for errector spine so it tends to do what?
compress the vertebral discs
105
If there is a small or no moment arm, what kind of movement will be possible?
linear
106
When we lean forward, what happens to the errector spine muscles?
They lose their mechanical advanatage
107
How can we decrease the moment arm when bending over? (2 things) What will this do to errector spine?
1. place hand on sink
2. bend knees
Give it a mechanical advantage
108
Which body region creates a normal lumbar curve when using a w/c
pelvis
109
When using a wheelchair, the Pelvis is the foundation for what?
stabilization
110
When using a wheelchair what happens to the hamstrings?
The may become asymmetrical and short
111
When using a W/C, if not seated properly, compression forces will act upon what?
ishial tuberosity
