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PT Examination > Posture PPT > Flashcards

Posture PPT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of posture?

A

relative arrangement of the parts of the body

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2
Q

postural faults occur due to what?

A

misuse of the capacities of the body

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3
Q

poor posture leads to what?

A

muscle weakness, shortened muscles

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4
Q

ideal alignment of the human body results in minimal _______ and maximal _________ of the body

A

minimal amount of stress/strain
maximum efficiency

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5
Q

what are some ways of assessing posture?

A

visual observation (most common, least reliable)
plumbline
photographic/digital
goniometry
radiographic

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6
Q

in an ideally aligned posture, the center of gravity is located slightly _________ to spinal segments ____ and ____.

A

anterior, S1-S2

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7
Q

what is the gravity line?

A

a vertical line that falls through the center of gravity, places the body in equilibrium

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8
Q

where is the gravity line found?

A

intersection of the midsagittal and coronal planes of the body

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9
Q

what two things does the gravity line imply?

A

balanced distribution of weight and stable position of each joint

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10
Q

where does the gravity line fall in relation to the hip joint?

A

posterior (natural hip extension moment)

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11
Q

where does the gravity line fall in relation to the knee joint?

A

anterior (natural knee extension moment)

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12
Q

where does the gravity line fall in relation to the ankle joint?

A

anterior (natural dorsiflexion moment)

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13
Q

what is a systematic approach to analyzing posture/the body?

A

a global screen into a more focused, local approach

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14
Q

how should you sequence a systematic approach of posture?

A

either the head to the feet or the feet to the head

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15
Q

when looking at a lateral view of the body, where key landmarks does the gravity line go through?

A

external auditory meatus
shoulder joint (acromion)
bodies of lumbar vertebrae
slightly posterior to the greater trochanter
slightly anterior to the lateral epicondyle
slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus

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16
Q

what are some of the static position of posture?

A

sitting
standing
supine
side-lying

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17
Q

when performing an assessment, what position should the patient be in (at minimum)?

A

the position that brings on the patient’s symptoms

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18
Q

what are some example of functional positions of posture?

A

squatting, bending, walking, lunging

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19
Q

what are some factors that may cause postural variations?

A

age
structural/anatomical
physiological
pathological
nutritional
occupational
recreational
environmental
social and cultural
emotional

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20
Q

what are some common postural deviations of the upper quarter of the spine?

A

forward head
anterior translation of cervical spine
increased upper thoracic kyphosis
protracted, winging, elevated scapula

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21
Q

what are some common postural deviations of the lower quarter of the spine?

A

increased anterior/posterior pelvic tilt
increased/decreased lumbar lordosis
increased flexion of the hips or excessive hip extended posture

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22
Q

are postural deviations able to limit movement patterns?

A

yes
ex: lifting arms in a slumped position

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23
Q

what are some typical observations that you make within the upper extremity?

A

winging of scapula
position of the scapula
position of the shoulder
carrying angle

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24
Q

what is the typical positioning of the scapula?

A

~2 inches lateral from the spine (frontal plane - medial/lateral positioning)
T2-T7 (frontal plane - superior/inferior position)

25
Q

what is the most common postural defect in the upper extremity that requires correction?

A

forward (rounded) shoulders (acromion anterior to the line of gravity)

26
Q

what is the normal carrying angle formed by humeral and forearm axes for males and females?

A

males: 5-10 degrees
females: 10-15 degrees

27
Q

what are some examples of lower extremity observations you may see?

A

femoral internal rotation
knee varus/valgus
knee hyperextension
arch height
calcaneal position
toe out/in angle
toes sign

28
Q

what is the definition of valgus?

A

distal segment away from midline

29
Q

what is the definition of varus?

A

distal segment towards midline

30
Q

what are the technical names of the differentiating foot arch types and what do they mean?

A

pes planus - flat foot
pes cavus - high arch

31
Q

what is the too-many-toes sign a signal of?

A

excessive pronation

32
Q

what toes should you be able to see with a normal hindfoot approach?

A

5th and 1/2 of the 4th

33
Q

what are some common spinal observations?

A

cranial extension/tilt
cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
PSIS/iliac crest height

34
Q

what is normal cervical lordosis and what is its most common postural defect requiring correction?

A

30-35 degrees
forward head posture

35
Q

what is normal thoracic kyphosis?

A

40 degrees

36
Q

what is normal lumbar lordosis and what is its most common postural defect requiring correction?

A

45 degrees
increased anterior pelvic tilt

37
Q

what level should the iliac crest fall at?

A

LV4

38
Q

what level should the PSIS fall at?

A

S2

39
Q

what is a neutral position of the pelvis?

A

ASISs are in the same horizontal plane, and the ASIS and symphysis pubis are in the same vertical plane

40
Q

what does an increased anterior pelvic tilt cause?

A

increased lordosis of the lumbar spine

41
Q

what does an increased posterior pelvic tilt cause?

A

flattening of the back/lower lumbar spine

42
Q

what is the idea of crossed patterns and how does it relate to the cervical spine and neck muscles?

A

tight upper traps/levator scapulae and SCM/pectoralis results in a weak middle trap/lower trap/serratus anterior and deep neck flexors (and vice versa)

43
Q

what is the definition of scoliosis and how is it named in relation to side affected?

A

lateral curvature of the spine
C-curve: curvature named to the convex side of the curve

44
Q

is right or left thoracic curve most common?

A

right

45
Q

is scoliosis more common in boys or girls?

A

girls

46
Q

what is the most common age of onset for scoliosis?

A

10-14 years old

47
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of a scoliosis posture?

A

rib cage asymmetry and/or rib hump when bending forward
uneven shoulder and/or pelvic height
prominence of scapula/hip
difference in space between arms and trunk when standing
apparent leg-length discrepancy

48
Q

the body develops a compensatory curve to maintain what three things wthin the body? (typically found with scoliosis)

A

posture
balance
equilibrium

49
Q

can functional scoliosis be corrected, and if so, how?

A

yes, corrected through active shift in posture
but it can become structural over time

50
Q

what is the difference in structural and functional scoliosis?

A

structural cannot be corrected actively - it is a composition of the body structure

51
Q

what is the name of the test used to assess scoliosis and how is it performed?

A

adam’s forward bend test
knees fully extended, hands to side
bend forward to a horizontal position and document asymmetry with a scoliometer
7 degrees on a scoliometer = 20 degrees on a x-ray

52
Q

what are some components of clinical reasoning for postural assessments?

A

examine postural orientation in standing, sitting, and dynamically from more than one plane to identify areas for investigation
assess for flexibility and muscle length
assess impacts of muscle strength

53
Q

is there evidence that prolonged standing, walking, and sitting at work is associated with LBP?

A

no

54
Q

is there evidence that there is a relationship between posture and neck pain in adolescents?

A

no

55
Q

should all deviations of posture be considered pathological?

A

no

56
Q

in order to determine the effect on the patient’s symptoms, traisl should be performed between ______ active correction and ________ passive correction

A

patient active, clinician/therapist passive

57
Q

what is proper sitting posture?

A

feet comfortably flat on floor
hips and knees flexed to roughly 90 degrees
back of the chair inclined roughly 10 degrees
armrests allows elbow flexion at about 90 degrees

58
Q

what kinds of movements can help to alleviate the stress and strain associated with prolonged sitting?

A

simple extension movements and/or occasionally standing up

PT Examination (4 decks)

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