Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT EXAM > Posture Assessment > Flashcards

Posture Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

When performing the posture exam the PT must be

A
  1. Accurate and thorough- abnormalities are subtle
  2. Able to separate parts of body from whole, THEN assess sum of parts in reference to their interaction within the entire body structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Correct posture

A
  1. Alignment of body for max physiological and biomechanical efficiency
  2. Minimizes stress/strain imparted to the supporting system by effect of gravity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The gravity line is drawn through the body’s center of gravity - located where

A

2nd sacral vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F gravity line generally passes through all the joint axes of the body

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If forces acting about a joint are out of balance, _____

A

Faulty joint motion can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most important segments to have muscular and mechanical balance

A

Head, trunk, shoulders and pelvic girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of postural faults

A

Rounded shoulders

Lumbar lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rounded shoulders

A

Shortened pec major and minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lumbar lordosis

A

Tight hip flexors and elongated abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should posture analysis be performed

A

After the history and systems review

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Usually start your observation (after patient is instructed to assume comfortable and relaxed posture)

A

Proximal lay and move dismally viewing the patient from anterior, lateral, and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Head and neck plumb line laterally

A

Ear lobe to acromion process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Shoulder plum line laterally

A

Acromion process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thoracic vertebra laterally

A

Bisects the chest symmetrically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lumbar vertebrae laterally

A

Midway between abdomen, back, and slightly anterior to sacroiliac joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pelvis and hip plumb line laterally

A

Anterior to SI joint and posterior to hip joint through greater trochanter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plumb line knee laterally

A

Slightly anterior to midline of jt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Plumb line laterally ankle

A

Just anterior to lateral malleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Post plum line head and neck

A

Bisects head through external occipital protuberance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Post plum line shoulder and scapula

A

Midway between shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Post plum line trunk

A

Spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebra

22
Q

Post plum line pelvis and hip

A

Plumb line bisects gluteal cleft with the PSIS, iliac crests, and greater throchanters are level

23
Q

Post plum line ankle and foot

A

Equidistant between medial malleoli

24
Q

Anterior view assess carrying angle of elbow

A

Men -5 to 10 degrees

Women - 10-15 degrees

25
Q

Anterior plumb line assess if

A
  1. ASIS are level
  2. Patellar alignment - straight, inward, outward
  3. Angle of toeing out - norm values 5 to 7 degrees for each foot
26
Q

Causes of forward head

A
  1. Tight cervical extensor, upper trap, and lector scapulae

2. Elongated cervical flexors

27
Q

Causes of rounded shoulders

A
  1. Tight pec major/minor, serratus anterior

2. Weakness of thoracic extensors, middle trap and rhomboids

28
Q

Signs of rounded shoulders

A

Acromion process anterior to line

Scapulae abducted

29
Q

Signs of kyphosis

A

Increased posterior convexity of vertebrae

30
Q

Causes of kyphosis

A
  1. Lengthened thoracic extensors, middle and lower traps, posterior ligaments
  2. Tight anterior longitudinal ligament and anterior chest muscles
31
Q

Barrel chest

A

Increased overall anteroposterior diameter of the rib cage

32
Q

Anterior pelvic tilt

A

Lordosis

33
Q

Causes of lordosis

A
  1. Tight hip flexors and low back extensors and posterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Lengthened and weak lower abdominal muscles
34
Q

Posterior pelvic tilt

A

Flat back

35
Q

Causes of flat back

A
  1. Tight hamstring

2. Weak hip flexors

36
Q

When assessing laterally in the pelvis and hip, anterior pelvis drops and is called _____. This is caused by

A

Anterior pelvic tilt

  1. Increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis
  2. Tight hip flexors
  3. Lengthened abdominals
37
Q

Anterior pelvis is raised with minimal curvature in lumbar spine is called ____. And is caused by

A

Posterior pelvic tilt

  1. Tight hamstrings
  2. Lengthened hip flexors and lower abdominals
38
Q

Hyper extension of the knee is called ____. And is caused by

A

Genu recurvatum

  1. Tight quads and calves
  2. Lengthened posterior capsule and hamstring muscles
39
Q

Head tilt from posterior view

A

Patient’s head lies more to one side of plum line

Caused by tightness of lateral neck flexors on one side

40
Q

Rotated head from posterior view caused by

A

Tightness of sternocleidomastoid, upper trap, and scalene

41
Q

Posterior view shoulder and scap problems

A
  1. Dropped Shoulder
  2. Abducted scapula
  3. Winging of scapula
42
Q

Dropped shoulder (one lower than other) caused by

A
  1. Tightness of rhomboid and latissimus Dorsi

2. Hand dominance (dominant side might be lower)

43
Q

Abducted scap (too far away from midline of thoracic vertebra) caused by

A
  1. Tight serratus anterior muscles

2. Lengthened rhomboids and middle trap muscles

44
Q

What is scap winging and what is it caused by

A

Medial border of scapula lifted off the ribs

Caused by weak serratus anterior

45
Q

Problems assessing posterior thoracic and lumbar regions

A

Scoliosis
Lateral pelvic tilt or drop
Pelvic rotation

46
Q

Causes of lateral pelvic drop

A
  1. Scoliosis
  2. Leg length discrepancy
  3. Shortening of contralateral quadratus lumborum
47
Q

Causes of pelvic rotation

A

Tightness of the medial rotators and hip flexor muscles on the rotated side

48
Q

Bow legs - name and causes

A

Genu Varum

Caused by coxa valga and structural changes in the alignment of femoral condyles/tibial plateau

49
Q

Knock knees- name and causes

A

Genu Valgum

Caused by coxa varum and structural changes in the alignment of femoral condyles/tibial plateau

50
Q

Pronated foot/ankle

A

(pes planus)

  1. Calcaneal eversion
  2. Midfoot width increase
  3. Lowering of medial longitudinal arch
51
Q

Supinated foot/ankle

A

(Pes cavus)
Calcaneal inversion
Midfoot width decrease
Elevation of the medial longitudinal arch

52
Q

Assessing posture at the beginning of the scanning exam allows PT to assess the entire body and not just the _____

A

Patient identified problem

PT EXAM (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions