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Clinical Assessment Mid > Postural Assessment > Flashcards

Postural Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Use of postural assessment

A
  • Overall observation
  • Gathering info
  • Monitor progress
  • Positional changes
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2
Q

Procedure for posturalA

A

Explain to client, observe body in 3 diff position (ant, latx2, post),
Plumb line aligned to patient, perform from feet upwards, orthotics (first with device in, and then without, record device), in habitual, relaxed standing posture, record results

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3
Q

Factors affecting posture

A

Bone: ligament laxity, pelvic angles, position of jt+mobility, bony contours
Neurogenic inflow/outflow thru int
Muscle: hypertonic muscle, fascial restriction (nerve imping), tonus of muscle passive and cont contraction) - paralysis/atrophy,
evb fmna

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4
Q

structural factor of poor posture

A

Leg length discrepancy, scoliosis, hemivertebrae, pes planus

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5
Q

Postural factors of poor posture

A

poor habit{slouching}, muscle imbalance {spasm}, pain, age {osteoperosis}, respiratory {asthma}, excess weight, peer pressure {hide height via slouching}, assistive device {cane}

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6
Q

Anterior view - posturalA vertical landmarks

A

between the feet, pubis symphysis, umbilicus, xiphoid, suprasternal notch, nasal bones

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7
Q

Anterior view - posturalA horizontal landmarks

A

*Foot angle (slight outward),
malleoli (med. malleoli slight ant to lat, lat more inferiorly),
Level: fibular head, ASIS, iliac crest, shoulders (symmetrical level)

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8
Q

Lateral view - posturalA Vertical Ldmk

A 
Ant. to lat. malleolus
Fibular head
Greater trochanter
Acromium
Bodies of cervical vertebrae
External auditory meatus
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9
Q

Lateral view - posturalA Horizontal Ldmk

A

*Pelvic angle (normal - 8 to 30 degrees lvl)

Knee (flex), chest, spine curvature

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10
Q

Posterior view - PosturalA Vertical Ldmk

A

Between the feet
S2 - center of gravity is ant.
C7 - prom. in spine
Inion - Ext. occ. prot

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11
Q

Posterior view - posturalA Horizontal Ldmk

A

Straight or angled?: Heels, achilles tendon,
Level: popliteal fossa, gluteal fold, PSIS, spine of scapula/inferior angles, shoulder

Midline: Head

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12
Q

Pain assessment - Characterize in terms of (3)

A

Area (where it is/perceived to be located), nature (quality{sharp, dull, hot, etc.}), behavior (when better or worse)

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13
Q

Pain is a ____ of ___ and ____ experiences

Nociception is { }, choose: subjective/objective. May or may not lead to a _______ of pain

A

combination of subjective and objective experience

Transmission of noxious stimuli from tissue to brain (objective), perception

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14
Q

Degrees of pain (3):

A

Acute: 48-72 hrs (unbearable, early), Sub Acute: 3Days-3Mths (be cautious using this decree), Chronic 3 mths+

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15
Q

Tissue type pain (3)

A

Dermatomic: superficial soft tissues, localized
Radicular pain: nerve roots, shooting electric, dermatomal pattern
Sclerotomic: deep somatic tissues, poorly localized, aching (kidney stone, menstrual cramp)

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16
Q

Type of pain characteristic (3):

A

PROJECTED: irritation of nerve pathways themselves creating afferent input from an area (nerve root) - numbness in hand

REFERRED: pain in a different area outside of site of irritation/lesion (GH capsule felt in lateral brachial, heart/right arm)

RADIATING: radiates outward from site of lesion. myofascial trigger pt

REFLEX: Hyperalgesia (sensitivity to pain) and hyperesthesia (sensitivity of senses) and vasomotor (vessel dilation), sudomotor (sweat), trophic change, oft involves entire limb (e.g. autonomic phenom)

17
Q

Afferent

Efferent

A

AFFERENT: Carry impulses toward a center (nerve carries message to brain- nerve irritation)

EFFERENT: carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord (phantom limb pain)

18
Q

MFTP (myofascial trigger pt) criteria (2)

A

Predictable and reproducible.

19
Q

Tissue Sensitivity: Most sensitive (3)

A

Fibrous Capsule
Periosteum
Skin

20
Q

Tissue Sensitivity: Moderate sensitive (3)

A 
Subchondral bone (bone under cartilage)
ligament, 
tendon
21
Q

Tissue Sensitivity: Less sensitive (2)

A

Cortical bone: ossification of bone

Muscle

22
Q

Tissue Sensitivity: Insensitive (4)

A

Fibrocartilage
Articular cartilage
Synovium (CT inside jt capsule)
Menisci

23
Q

Nerve Fibers: Large Myelinated (Fast Fibers) are sensitive to (3)

A

Large schawn cells:
Pressure
Vibration
Proprioception (where things are in space)

24
Q

Nerve Fibers: Small Myelinated are sensitive to (3)

A

Fast fibers:
Dermatomic
Pain
Temperature

25
Q

Nerve Fibers: Small Unmyelinated

A

Slow Fibers
Sclerotomic pathway/pain > childbirth
Least sensitive to: pressure, but all nerve fibers respond to touch/pressure

26
Q

Trigger pt cardinal signs (6)

A 
Jump Sign (patient withdraws, or jolts)
Twitch response
Referred Pain Pattern (reproducible, predictable)
Taut Band
Exquisite (sharp/intense) pain
Autonomic phenom
27
Q

Nerve root irritation signs (5)

A 
Paresthesia (burning/prickling mostly in extremities)
Sharp
Well localized
Deep, ache
Muscle weakness
28
Q

Peripheral nerve irritation is _____ to nerve root irritation and always present with _____ and ___ depending on ____ or ____ irritation

A

DISTAL to nerve rt irritation and present with PARESTHESIA and MUSCLE WEAKNESS dep on MOTOR or SENSORY irritaiton

29
Q

Reflex scale 0-4 and pathology:

A

Peripheral Nerve Lesion (PNL) Low Motor Neuron Lesion

0: Absent
1: Diminished
2: Normal

CNS Upper motor neuron lesion

3: Exaggerated
4: Brisk/Clonus (neurological, involuntary contractions)

30
Q

Muscle s___n signs (4):

A

Strain:

Edema, pain with AROM (active), no pain with PROM (passive), increased pain with RROM (resist)

31
Q

Treatmnt for Acute Injury no swelling or chronic (4)

A

Mvmt
Exercise
Therapy
Heat

32
Q

Treatment for Acute injury with swelling (5)

A 
Pressure
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
33
Q

Joint s____n signs (2)

A

Sprain:

Pain with all ROM.

34
Q

Common pulses (7)

A 
Radial, ulnar
Carotid
Femoral
Tibial, dorsal
popliteal

Clinical Assessment Mid (1 decks)

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