Postpartum Flashcards
Definition of a primary and secondary PPH?
When is a PPH major?
Primary= Blood loss >500mls within 24 hours of delivery Secondary= Between 24hrs to 6 weeks Major= >1000mls loss
What are the 4 T’s of PPH
Tone
Tissue
Trauma
Thrombin
Antenatal RF for PPH
Previous PPH/Retained products, High BMI, Para>4, APH, Uterine overdistension, Uterine abnormalities, Mat age >35
Intrapartum RF for Iol
IoL, Prolonged, oxytocin, C-section, Precipitate labour, Operative delivery
Causes of a hypotonic PPH
Overdistension- TWINS Prolonged, Induction Infection Multiple pregnancy Retained tissue Rarely placental abruption
Tissue causes of PPH
Retained placenta
Abnormal placental sight- Praevia, Accreta
Trauma causes of PPH
Uterine inversion/Rupture
Genital tract trauma e.g tears
Thrombin causes of PPH
Coag disorders
Abruption, Sepsis, AI, Liver disease
How do you manage a tissue induced PPH
Manual removal +/- GA/Spinal
How does a PPH B/C retained products present?
Pain, Bleeding, Offensive Lochia, Boggy poorly contracted uterus
May be infected
Management of a Hypotonic PPH
Compression ?Tranexamic acid IV 0.5-1g
IV Syntocinon bolus 10 units + IV Ergometrine 500mcg bolus
IM Carboprost (Prostaglandin) +/- Intramyometrial carboprost
Rectal Misprostol
Anaesthesia and IU Baloon Tamponade or Laparotomy
Eclampsia Management
Magnesium Sulphate 4g IV 5-10 mins-> 1g/hr
Delivery baby
How long should you continue magnesium sulphate in eclampsia?
Continue until 24 hour post-seizure/delivery
Do prophylactic anti-convulsants help in eclampsia? What is the best method of prevention?
No
Best way is to control BP
Causes of secondary PPH
Retained products, Endometritis, Infection
Management of secondary PPH
24 hours Abx and USS and evacuation
Tranexamic acid 1g stat IV
Most common cause of post-natal septic shock
Staph A
Abx for management septic shock
Cefotaxime, Metronidazole, Gentamicin
Presentation of amniotic fluid embolus
Collapse and unaccountable bleeding, DIC
Dx of exclusion
Management of an amniotic fluid embolus
Supportive, Early ITU transfer for inotropic and renal support, Correct clotting, Expert help
Presentation of a uterine rupture
Fresh vaginal bleeding Haematuria Fetal distress Constant severe abdo pain which breaks through epidural Shock
Management of a uterine rupture
A->E
IV access
resus
Immediate laparotomy to salvage baby, repair damage +/- Hysterectomy
Risk factors for uterine rupture
Previous C-Section
Multips
Uterine stimulants
RARE IF PRIMIPS
What is Colostrum?
20weeks + gestation
Thick yellow lactation
Good for gut maturation and immunity of baby
Decreases following birth
Breast feeding benefits to mother
Helps uterine involution
Lactational amenorrhoea
Decreased breast cancer, ovarian cancer and OP