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NRSG 302 > Postoperative Complications > Flashcards

Postoperative Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a major surgery?

A

Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts; poses great risks to wellbeing

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2
Q

What is the definition of a minor surgery?

A

involves minimal alteration in body parts, often designed to correct deformities, involves minimal risks

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3
Q

What is the definition of an elective surgery?

A

usually is optional and may not be necessary for health

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4
Q

What is the definition of an urgent surgery?

A

necessary for patients health, may precent additional problems from developing, not necessarily emergent

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5
Q

Ablative Surgery

A

the excision or removal of diseased body part

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6
Q

Common neuro post operative complications

A

delirium
fever
hypothermia
pain
postoperative cognitive dysfunction

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7
Q

Common postoperative GI complications

A

delayed gastric emptying
distension and flatulence
hiccups
nausea and vomiting
postoperatice ileus

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8
Q

common postoperative respiratory complications

A

airway obstruction
aspiration
atelectstasis
bronchospasm
hypoventilation
hypoxemia
pneumonia
pulmonary edema
pulomary embolus

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9
Q

Common cardiovascular postoperative complications

A

dysrhythmias
hemorrhage
hypertension
hypotension
superficial thrombo-phlebitis
venous thrombo-embolism

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10
Q

common postoperative integumentary complications

A

dehiscence
hematoma
infection

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11
Q

common postoperative fluid and electrolyte complications

A

acid base disorders
electrolyte imbalances
fluid deficit
fluid overload

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12
Q

common postoperative urinary complications

A

infection
retention

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13
Q

What do narcotics affect?

A

resp rate

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14
Q

What are risk factors for hypothermia?

A

effects of anesthesia, stress response, and or body temperature loss in the OR

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15
Q

S&S of hypothermia

A

shaking, pale or cyanotic

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16
Q

Hypothermia intervention

A

rewarming (blankets, warm fluids, forced air warmers)

17
Q

Who is at the highest risk for dizziness and fainting?

A

spinal/epidural as it freezes motor (movement), sensory (feeling) and autonomic (muscle tone) nerves

18
Q

What are the S&S of postoperative delirium?

A

acute onset
fluctuation throughout the day
difficulty focusing attention
disorganized thinking
altered LOC

POSTOP DELIRIUM IS AN EMERGENCY!!!!!

19
Q

Treatment for postoperative delirium?

A

PRISME

20
Q

Airway obstruction risk factors?

A

spasm of bronchus and larynx
tongue falling back

21
Q

S&S of airway obstruction?

A

stridor, tachypnea, shallow and wheezing, dyspnea, gasping increase pulse, irritability

22
Q

Airway obstruction interventions

A

patient stimulation, positioning, artificial airway

23
Q

Aspiration risk factors

A

GERD, pregnancy, H hernia, ulcers, trauma

24
Q

S&S of aspiration

A

coughing
crackles
rattling chest
decreased O2

25
Q

interventions for aspiration

A

sit up for feeding and drinking, protection of airway

26
Q

Risk factors for atelectasis

A

airway become obstructed usually by bronchial secretions, trapped air gradually absorbed until alveolar collapse

27
Q

S&S of atelectasis

A

poor color slow recovery, mild tachypnea and tachycardia, increase temp, decreased air entry to lung fields

28
Q

interventions for atelectasis

A

pre and post operative physiotherapy

29
Q

Risk factors for bronchospasms

A

Asthma, COPD, intubation, aspiration

30
Q

S&S of bronchospasms

A

wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, decreased O2

31
Q

Interventions for bronchospasms

A

O2 and bronchodilators

32
Q

Risk factors for hypoventilation

A

respiratory depression from narcotic /opioid use, muscle tone, pain, mechanical restriction

33
Q

S&S of hypoventilation

A

decreased resp rate, shallow resps, decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2, apnea

34
Q

intervention for hypoventilation

A

O2, ventilator assistance, stimulation, positioning etc.

35
Q

Risk factors for pneumonia

A

hypoventilation, immobility, aspiration, resp issues

36
Q

S&S of pneumonia

A

infection from stasis of secretions-dullness, productive cough, fever, chills, pleuritic pain, WBC

NRSG 302 (6 decks)

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