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Dev ad Ageing BRS2 > Postnatal and child development > Flashcards

Postnatal and child development Flashcards

1
Q

Transition from prenatal to postnatal: 4 systems + pre/post differences

A
  • EndocrinePre: IGF2 → 1Post: Human growth hormones hGH
  • GeneticsPre: minor effec, maternal factors overridePost: determines final height
  • NutritionPre: PlacentaPost: Nutritional abnomalities (Obesity, malabsorption)
  • Environment
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2
Q

4 phases of growth

A
  • fetal
  • infantile
  • childhood
  • pubertal
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3
Q

General notes on head

A

head is larger thna body and sutures close at 18 months

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4
Q

Which 2 phases have 30% growth

A

fetal

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5
Q

What causes growth levels in infntile/childhood

A

nutrition levels

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6
Q

What causes growth levels in pubertal

A

Sex hormones

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7
Q

What’s antagonistic with sex hormone development

A

self-limiting as sex hormones fuse grwoth plates (stopping growth)

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8
Q

What phase has 15% of growth?

A

infantile and pubertal

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9
Q

What phase has the majority of growth

A

Childhood (40%)

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10
Q

What is mini puberty

A

Increase in HPG Axis activity as a neonate

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11
Q

Theory Reason for this mini puberty - increasing HPG axis

A

elevated maternal HPG inhbiits fetal HPG, so after birth this increases in activity transiently

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12
Q

3 changes that mini puberty might cause in neonates

A
  • sex steroids can cause gonadal dev (testicular tissue)
    • High testosterone in boys may explain higher growth velocity → Sertoli tissues do not have an androgen receptor yet so no spermatogenesis.
    • In females, it may be important in patterning and dev of breast tissue
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13
Q

What triggers puberty?

A
  • heory: nuerokinin nuerones regulate release of kisspeptin acts on GnRH.
  • mutations in KISS affect puberty timing
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14
Q

Development milestone at the right timing is called…

A

consonance

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15
Q

4 developmental domain

A
  • Gross motor development
  • Sensory and fine motor dev
  • Social behaviour
  • Hearing, speech and language
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15
Q

Gross motor development:How do newborn babies look when lying flat?

A

limited flex

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15
Q

At 6-8 weeks how well can babies raise their head? GM

A

head rasied 45 degrees

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16
Q

What happens at 6-8 months?GM

A

6 month: sit up- curved back
8 month: sit up straight

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17
Q

What about 10 months? GM

A

Stand up and cruise around furniture

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17
Q

What can babies do by 8-9 months?GM

A

Crawl around

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18
Q

12 months: GM

A

walk unsteady

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19
Q

GM 15 months?

A

walk steady

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20
Q

By 6 weeks what can babies do coordination wise? FM

A

Move head with sound

21
Q

By 4 months? FM

A

reach for toys

22
Q

4-6 months? FM

A

Palmar grasp

23
Q

7 months? FM

A

Transferring toys from one hand to another

24
Q

What can babies do by 10 months grip wise?

A

Mature pincer grip

25
Q
  • What about by 16-18 months?Make marks with a crayon
  • By the time the child reaches 14 months -4 how does their hand-eye coordination develop?Becomes quite sophisticated e.g. can build increasingly more difficult structures with building blocks
  • What about in drawing 2-5 years ?
A

Make marks with a crayon

26
Q

By the time the child reaches 14 months -4 how does their hand-eye coordination develop?

A

Becomes quite sophisticated e.g. can build increasingly more difficult structures with building blocks

27
Q

What about in drawing 2-5 years ?

A

Through 2-5 years they can draw without seeing how it’s done and can copy from 6 months earlier after seeing how it’s done

28
Q

What can babies do at 6 weeks?

A

Smiling

29
Q

What can babies do at 6-8 months?

A

Self feeding

30
Q

What can they do at 10-12 months?

A

Peek a boo

31
Q

What about at 12 months?

A

Drink with 2 hands

32
Q

What can kids do at 18 months?

A

Hold spoon for feeding

33
Q

What about at 18-24 months?

A

Symbolic play

34
Q

What can children do at 2 years?

A

Potty train

35
Q

What can children do at 2.5-3 years?

A

Play with other children

36
Q

How do newborns react to noise

A

startled by loud noise

37
Q

What can babies do by 3-4 months?

A

vocalise when spoken too

38
Q

How do babies react to sound at 7 months?

A

turn to soft noise out of sight

39
Q

What can babies do by 7-10 months?

A
40
Q

What can they do by 12 months?

A

mama/dada (small words)

41
Q

What can toddlers do at 18 months?

A

a few words - no sentences

42
Q

What can a child do at 20-24 months?

A

simple sentences

43
Q

What can child do at 2.5-3 years?

A

talk constantly in sentences

44
Q

What is the NHS Healthy Child programme?

A

aims to prveent disease and promote good health and is universal

45
Q

A good screening test must be (3)

A
  • easy to administer
  • cost effective
  • accurate
46
Q

examples of child health checks (3)

A
  • Blood spot chevk
  • Newborn check
  • newborn hearing test
47
Q

The diseaes we are screening for should be… (3)

A
  • able to be identified
  • catch it early
  • treatable
  • reduce mortality
48
Q

What is the newborn Check

A

physcial exam: weight, eyes, heart, hips and testes

49
Q

Blood spot test?

A

CF, Sickle cell, metabolic diseases

50
Q

Define Global developmental delay

A

significant delay in 2 or more milestones eg Down syndrome, infections, chronic issues

51
Q

Specific developmental delay

A

delays in domains as a whole. usually due to deficits or abnormal intelligenve eg learning disorders, motor skill disorders

52
Q

5 reasons for global dveelopmental delays

A
  • chromosomal abnoramlities
  • metabolic disorders
  • perinatal factors
  • enviormental issues
  • chronic illness

think of it as this causes a lot of issues not just 1

Dev ad Ageing BRS2 (3 decks)

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